scrofuloderma

Cutaneous tuberculosis is a rare manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in most cases and rarely by Mycobacterium bovis. Diagnosis may be challenging due to a wide range of clinical findings and similarities to other chronic dermatoses, leading to delayed treatment. We present a case of scrofuloderma in a 4-year-old girl that arose from a contiguous spread from the anterior mediastinum with associated pulmonary involvement.

In clinical settings, cutaneous tuberculosis is an uncommon occurrence. On the other hand, incidences of this kind of tuberculosis are usually documented in high-burden nations. Despite being the most prevalent variety of cutaneous tuberculosis, scrofuloderma frequently goes undiagnosed. The present case is a rare case of simultaneous involvement of cervical, supraclavicular, and pretracheal lymph nodes and skin due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis . A 26-year-old Indian female was diagnosed after a careful diagnostic workup involving fine needle aspiration cytology, a cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test, and a biopsy...

Tuberculosis continues to be a major public health concern worldwide with almost 20-40% of the world's population being affected yearly. Cutaneous Tuberculosis (TB) is a rare and underdiagnosed entity that manifests in about 1-1.5% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases worldwide. Dermoscopy is a non-invasive tool which will be a useful aid to histopathology in the confirmation of the diagnosis alongside culture, and molecular techniques. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted at a tertiary care center in Mumbai, India...

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We report a case of 32-year-old patient who presented with painless erythematous plaque gradually ulcerated for 9 years. He had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis 12 years ago and was cured by the treatment of 2HRZE/4HR. The laboratory examination of t-spot and PPD skin test was positive. Histopathology examinations of left cervical lymph node as well as skin revealed granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis. A diagnosis of scrofuloderma was made. Negative sputum culture and chest CT scan results excluded pulmonary tuberculosis...

Pilomatricomas are uncommon, benign tumors of the hair follicle, which are often misdiagnosed upon initial inspection. Here we describe the case of a 4-year-old boy who presented with a persistent draining tumor on the left side of his neck for approximately two years. The tumor was originally misdiagnosed as scrofuloderma but, eventually, our patient's pilomatricoma was identified with biopsy and successfully treated with elliptical excision. We discuss the importance of considering pilomatricoma in the differential diagnosis...

IMPORTANCE: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant health concern, affecting over 1.5 million people annually worldwide, with the incidence increasing in the United States from 2020 to 2021. The pediatric population is particularly vulnerable to TB. Extrapulmonary manifestations of TB include cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB). OBSERVATIONS: There are 8 forms of CTB. Lupus vulgaris (LV) is the second most common form of pediatric CTB which presents nontender plaques or nodules with ulceration that progress to well-defined, scaly plaques...

The coinfection of leprosy and tuberculosis has been rarely reported in literature. A middle-aged man who was a known case of hepatitis B infection had presented with ichthyosis with claw hand deformity and submandibular swelling, which were diagnosed with lepromatous leprosy and scrofuloderma, respectively.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important public health issues in developing countries. The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 20%-40% of the world's population is infected. Pulmonary forms account for the majority of cases; however, it can manifest as extrapulmonary disease in 8.4%-13.7% of cases. Of these extrapulmonary forms of TB, only 1%-2% may have skin manifestations. Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) is relatively uncommon and is not a well-defined disease, which complicates diagnosis...

Tuberculosis remains a global health concern, as the increasing levels of urban poverty, higher number of immunodeficient patients and the development of drug resistance threaten the overall efforts made to induce a downward trend for the disease. Scrofuloderma, also known as tuberculosis cutis colliquativa is a subtype of cutaneous tuberculosis. Here we detail a case of a 70-year-old female patient presented with unilateral, left-sided, multiple palpable, painful, ulcerated and purulent cervical nodules, accompanied by persistent generalized erythematous popular granuloma annulare-like skin lesions on the upper extremities...

Although scrofuloderma is the most common subtype of cutaneous tuberculosis, its diagnosis is often delayed. In this case, ciprofloxacin was first administered as only Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected by initial culture tests. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is usually susceptible to quinolone antibiotics, hence the partial improvement in inflammatory symptoms and subsequent delay in diagnosis. Our case serves as a reminder that we should always be aware of the possibility of cutaneous tuberculosis being the cause of an abscess, especially when the abscess is not completely resolved by antibiotics...

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Cutaneous tuberculosis represents the fifth extrapulmonary form in Morocco after pleural, lymph node, urogenital, and intestinal tuberculosis. It is recognized to form a continuous immunopathologic spectrum, ranging from a high intensity to a low intensity of cell-mediated immunity, which explains the multiplicity and heterogeneity of anatomo-clinical forms. Association of multiple forms in the same patient is really rare. In this regard, we report a case of scrofuloderma on axillary tuberculosis adenitis associated to a lupus vulgaris in an immunocompetent patient, which was confirmed by histology, QuantiFERON-TB Gold test, and polymerase chain reaction...

INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous tuberculosis is an uncommon form of tuberculosis, accounting for 1%-2% of all forms of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Knowledge of the dermoscopic characteristics of different clinical types of cutaneous tuberculosis can help timely diagnosis resulting in better outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the Dermoscopy findings in different clinical types of cutaneous tuberculosis in dark skin phototypes. METHODS: All clinically suspected and biopsy confirmed cases of cutaneous tuberculosis seen from July 2019 through December 2021 were retrospectively recruited...

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and it can affect multiple organ systems. Cutaneous TB, a less common type of extrapulmonary TB can coexist with TB of other organs. Here, we describe a case of multifocal cutaneous TB suggestive of two different morphological types with concomitant miliary pulmonary TB.

Scrofuloderma is an uncommon cutaneous presentation of tuberculosis. It can be difficult to diagnose, as it can mimic various skin conditions, including hidradenitis suppurativa. We report a case of a 46-year-old female refugee patient with a history of nodules and sinus tracts in the left axilla treated for many years as hidradenitis suppurativa in her home country who was later found to have scrofuloderma. The diagnosis was based on a positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction from an ultrasound-guided aspiration...

This paper reports a case of tuberculous dactylitis and multiple scrofuloderma spreading through the lymph nodes. Scrofuloderma, also known as tuberculosis colliquativa cutis , is a form of cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) that occurs most often in children and young adults and involves the skin over the infection focus (i.e., lymph nodes, bones, or joints). Scrofuloderma can affect the lower limbs and upper arms by spreading osteomyelitis TB on the humerus, wrist, and elbow. This study reports the case of a 19-year-old man who initially developed painful and swollen skin, followed by the appearance of numerous recurring lumps on the left arm and hand and the right foot, as well as the folding right hamstring, over 3 years...

BACKGROUND: Inborn errors of IL-12/IL-23-IFNγ immunity underlie Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD), a group of immunodeficiencies characterized by a highly selective susceptibility to weakly virulent strains of mycobacteria, such as non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Cutaneous mycobacterial infections are common in MSMD and may represent a red flag for this immunodeficiency. OBJECTIVES: We present a case series of four paediatric patients with MSMD, specifically with IFNγR1 and STAT1 deficiencies, and cutaneous NTM/BCG infections to increase awareness of this immunodeficiency, which may, in some cases, be intercepted by the dermatologist and thus timely referred to the immunologist...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell, or Haizao, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) since at least the eighth century a.d. S. fusiforme is an essential component of several Chinese formulas, including Haizao Yuhu Decoction, used to treat goiter, and Neixiao Lei Li Wan used to treat scrofuloderma. The pharmacological efficacy of S. fusiforme may be related to its anti-inflammatory effect. AIM OF THE STUDY: To determine the structural characteristics of SFF-32, a fucoidan fraction from S...

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