Plexus choroideus

Rapid uptake of synaptically released glutamate via the high affinity glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1; EAAT2) is important for limiting transmitter signalling and prevents a harmful receptor overstimulation. So far, in the adult brain GLT1 protein has only been detected in astrocytes. Here, we describe the cDNA cloning of a variant of GLT1 from rat brain which is generated by alternative splicing at the 3'-end of the GLT1 cDNA. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that the GLT1 variant message was present not only in brain, but also in peripheral organs...

Cytopathic effect (CPE) characterized mainly by foci of rounded cells was observed in cultures of primary plexus choroideus cells from healthy lamb following cryopreservation. It was possible to transmit the infectious agent to other primary cells of ovine origin by co-cultivation with infected cells. By indirect immunofluorescence microscopy it was found that high percentage of sheep (65-80% in 3 different herds from Slovakia) are infected with this infectious agent. Electron microscopy of cells with CPE revealed the presence of herpesvirus particles...

Cytochrome oxidase, the terminal enzyme of the electron transport chain, is a marker of the functional activity of the cell. In this study; localization of cytochrome oxidase in cerebrum, cerebellum, hippocampus, substantia nigra and choroid plexus of adult rats was investigated using immunohistochemical methods. Neural bodies were immunoreactive while neuroglial cells and axonal areas did not show significant immunostaining. The cerebral cortical substantia grisea region was stained almost homogeneously with cytochrome oxidase...

Fetal antigen 1 (FA1) is a circulating EGF multidomain glycoprotein. FA1 and its membrane-associated precursor is defined by the mRNAs referred to as delta-like (dlk), preadipocyte factor 1 (pref-1) or zona glomerulosa-specific factor (ZOG). Using a polyclonal antibody recognising both forms, the localisation of FA1/dlk was analysed in embryonic and fetal tissues between week 5 to 25 of gestation and related to germinal origin and development. FA1 was observed in endodermally derived hepatocytes, glandular cells of the pancreas anlage, and in respiratory epithelial cells...

BACKGROUND: Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome is a generalized process of the extracellular matrix characterized by the accumulation of an abnormal pathognomonic material in various intraocular and extraocular tissues. Whereas the intraocular manifestations can be directly diagnosed by biomicroscopic observations, the extraocular manifestations can presently only be diagnosed by electron microscopic methodology. In order to better evaluate the distribution and precise localization of PEX deposits in the various organ systems, we searched for a relatively specific immunohistochemical marker for PEX material on the light microscopic level...

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) II receptors were studied in human adult brain by using autoradiography with [125I]IGF-II. Receptors were found to be widely distributed throughout all neuronal regions. The highest densities were found in plexus choroideus, granular layer of the cerebellar cortex, gyrus dendatus and pyramidal layer of the hippocampus, striatum, and cerebral cortex. White matter was devoid of IGF-II receptors. We also examined [125I]IGF-II binding in six plaques of multiple sclerosis, which were characterized by a dense network of astrocytes...

Oligonucleotide and cRNA probes were used for non-radioactive in situ hybridization, carried out to identify the cell types in the nervous system of rat expressing the glutamate transporter EAAC1 mRNA. The results were compared with immunocytochemical data obtained using an antibody against a synthetic EAAC1 peptide. The present data confirm that EAAC1 is expressed in neurons of the CNS. Additionally, our findings indicate the localization of EAAC1 mRNA and protein in peripheral neurons (spinal ganglia) and in glial cells, i...

In the central nervous system glutamate dehydrogenase appears to be strongly involved in the metabolism of transmitter glutamate and plays a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In order to identify unequivocally the neural cell types expressing this enzyme, non-radioactive in situ hybridization, using a complementary RNA probe and oligonucleotide probes, was applied to sections of the rat central nervous system and, for comparison with peripheral neural cells, to cervical spinal ganglia...

The glycosphingolipid binding specificities of Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis were investigated as to the binding of radiolabeled bacteria to glycosphingolipids on thin-layer chromatograms. Thereby, similar binding profiles, for the binding of the two bacteria to lactosylceramide, isoglobotriaosylceramide, gangliotriaosylceramide, gangliotetraosylceramide, lactotetraosylceramide, neolactotetraosylceramide, and sialylneolactohexaosylceramide, were obtained. On a closer view the binding preferences of the bacteria could be differentiated into three groups...

The first isolation and partial characterization of ovine lentivirus in Czech Republic is described. The virus was isolated in a tissue culture system derived from plexus choroideus from sheep. The new isolate was compared with prototypic K1514 Maedi-Visna strain; these two viruses shared antigenic determinants as determined by serological testing. Both viral strains reacted in a PCR reaction with primers situated in the gag and pol gene. Based on similarities of growth characteristics, antigenic determinants and primer binding sites it can be concluded that the isolate OPM is an ovine lentivirus and is at least partly related to the prototypic Maedi-Visna strain K1514...

The development of the central nervous alpha2-adrenergic system in the duck was studied by semiquantitative autoradiography at the ontogenetic stages embryonic days 20 (E20) and 27 (E27) and postnatal days 3 (P3) and 14 (P14) by using the monoradioiodinated alpha2-agonist clonidine ([125I]CLO) as radioligand. All structures endowed with alpha2-adrenoceptors in the adult animal were specifically labeled with [125I]CLO by E20. A detailed analysis of the binding capacity for [125I]CLO was performed for parts of several functional systems: hypothalamic structures (nucleus inferior hypothalami, nucleus magnocellularis preopticus, nucleus paraventricularis), limbic system (habenula, nucleus septalis lateralis, nucleus striae terminalis), circumventricular organs (organum pineale, organum subfornicale, plexus choroidei ventriculi tertii and ventriculi lateralis), visual system (hyperstriatum accessorium, nucleus reticularis superior, tectum opticum), and associative cortex (hyperstriatum ventrale)...

Follistatin (FS) is the specific binding protein of activin; it has a broad tissue distribution and is also found in serum. The ovary has the highest level of FS expression, but ovariectomy does not cause a permanent reduction in the serum FS level. Therefore, the source of FS in serum is still elusive. As a regulatable, nongonadal source of serum FS could influence ovarian and pituitary-derived hormone secretion and thus reproductive function, we searched for a source of extragonadal FS expression that might contribute to the FS protein level in serum...

Focal cerebral ischemia in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion results in apoptotic DNA fragmentation and activation of putative cell death effector genes in neurons and functional impairment of the plexus choroideus. In the present study we investigated whether cerebral ischemia may induce apoptotic cell death in the choroid plexus. Using in situ end-labeling by terminal transferase and fluorescein-dUTP, nuclear DNA breaks were detected in the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle of the ischemic hemisphere after 6 h but not after 1...

The gene expression for alpha and beta isoforms of type 2A protein phosphatase (PP2A-alpha and -beta) in the adult rat brain was examined by in situ hybridization analysis. No marked difference in the gene expression was discerned between the two isoforms in large portions of brain, except for the thalami in which the expression level for the alpha isoform was similar to that in the cerebral neocortex whereas that for the beta was lower than that in the neocortex. The gene expression was observed intensely in the piriform cortex, the cerebellar Purkinje and granule cell layers, and the hippocampal pyramidal and dentate granule cell layers, and the locus ceruleus, whereas the moderate levels of its expression were observed in the olfactory mitral cells and the pontine nuclei...

Carcinomas of the plexus choroideus (PCC) represent the rare malignant variety of plexus choroideus papillomas and take a particularly unfavourable course. Tumors of the plexus choroideus account for about 2-4% of all primary brain tumors in children and 0.5% of those in adults. The PCC is more frequent in children than in adults; the authors found reports on 72 cases of PCC in children and on 16 cases in adults. In most cases the PCC is located in the lateral ventricles. The symptoms caused by PCC are non specific and appear as those of increased intracranial pressure (on the basis of hydrocephalus hypersecretorius and/or occlusivus)...

The blood vascularization in the pineal gland of the crow was investigated in detail using a vascular corrosion cast technique and by scanning electron microscopy. The pineal gland received two afferent arteries on either side, each artery arising from the A. cerebralis caudalis (CC) which supplied its branches to the hemisphere. The pineal gland of the crow was so highly vascularized as to be suggestive of its high metabolic and endocrine activities. The efferent veins drained into the Sinus occipitalis and the Sinus sagittalis dorsalis...

By histological method cerebral development was studied in 3 fetus obtained after 14, 14 and 15 weeks to gestation in the mothers abusing alcohol. The excessive plication, invagination and adhesions of the brain wall, porencephalia, abnormal hyperplasia and heterotopia of cells, as well as agenesis of plexus choroideus were detected. These finding were compared with the disturbances in 5- to 12-week-old embryos which had been earlier discovered by authors. It was noted their resemblance, which means the stability of the structural brain changes during ontogenesis...

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In the case of a 29-year-old woman an early SGA (small for gestational age) fetus was detected in her third pregnancy. This fact being already a possible indicator for a genetical defect, the fetus also showed permanent cysts of the Plexus choroideus as a sonographical symptom of a deletion of the chromosome 10 (10 qter). The value of Plexus choroideus cysts sonographically diagnosed during pregnancy is discussed by showing the differential diagnoses, the clinical proceedings in general and specially the indications for a chromosomal analysis...

The work dealt with intracerebral inoculation of 150 mice with neurotropic strain of influenza virus A/WSN/33. Virological and immunohistochemical study of virus localization in the mice brain was carried out. It was shown that virus reproduction in ependymal lining cells and plexus choroideus epithelium is followed by destruction of cells and uptake of disintegration products by macrophages. Since the influenza infection is followed by a large number of macrophages involved in gene expression of the main histocompatibility complex, the development of autoimmune reaction with the formation of autoantibodies to brain specific antigens can't be ruled out...