halflife

Gynecological cancers (GCs), ovarian, cervical, and endometrial/uterine cancers, are often associated with poor outcomes. Despite the development of several therapeutic modalities against GCs, the effectiveness of the current therapeutic approaches is limited due to their side effects, low therapeutic index, short halflife, and resistance to therapy. To overcome these limitations, nano delivery-based approaches have been introduced with the potential of targeted delivery, reduced toxicity, controlled release, and improved bioavailability of various cargos...

BACKGROUND: Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) offer several advantages over traditional methods like injections and oral administration, including preventing first-pass metabolism, providing consistent and sustained activity, reducing side effects, enabling the use of short halflife drugs, improving physiological response, and enhancing patient convenience. However, the permeability of skin poses a challenge for TDDS, as it is impermeable to large molecules and hydrophilic drugs but permeable to small molecules and lipophilic medications...

Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenolic phytoalexin, and belongs to the stilbene family. RSV has several therapeutic activities such as cardioprotective, anticancer, and antioxidant. Apart from its therapeutic benefits, its pharmacological uses are limited due to low solubility, poor bioavailability, and short biological halflife. A researcher continuously focuses on overcoming the limitations of RSV through nanotechnology platforms to get the optimum health benefits. In this context, nanocarriers are pioneering to overcome these drawbacks...

The majority of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) struggle with static and dynamic balance, yet there is limited understanding of the underlying neuromechanical mechanisms that underpin poor balance control in these children. Eighteen children with DCD and seven typically developing (TD) children aged 7-10 years stood with eyes open on a moveable platform progressively translated antero-posteriorly through three frequencies (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 Hz). Myoelectric activity of eight leg muscles, whole-body 3D kinematics and centre of pressure were recorded...

INTRODUCTION: The past few decades have seen a tremendous advancement in the management of hemophilia. Whether it is improved methods to attenuate critical viruses, recombinant bioengineering with decreased immunogenicity, extended half-life replacement therapies to mitigate the burden of repeated infusion treatments, novel nonreplacement products to avoid the drawback of inhibitor development with its attractive subcutaneous administration and then the introduction of gene therapy, the management has trodden a long way...

The cytoskeletal protein tau is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease which is characterized by intra-neuronal neurofibrillary tangles containing abnormally phosphorylated insoluble tau. Levels of soluble tau are elevated in the brain, the CSF, and the plasma of patients with Alzheimer's disease. To better understand the causes of these elevated levels of tau, we propose a three-compartment kinetic model (brain, CSF, and plasma). The model assumes that the synthesis of tau follows zero-order kinetics (uncorrelated with compartmental tau levels) and that the release, absorption, and clearance of tau is governed by first-order kinetics (linearly related to compartmental tau levels)...

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited hemoglobinopathy characterized by the presence of hemoglobin S in red blood cells. This polymerizes, distorting the red blood cells, which occlude the microcirculation and have a shorter halflife, giving rise to a chronic hemolytic anemia. This anemia is worsened by parvovirus B19, as it compromises the erythroid precursor, causing a decrease in erythrocyte production. These patients sometimes present with splenic sequestration, characterized by acute blood entrapment in the spleen, with clinical signs of hypovolemic shock...

The mechanism of the fluorescence quenching of the CQDs by warfarin was determined and based on this study a simple, low cost and highly sensitive nanosensor was developed for determination of Warfarin in plasma samples. The carbon quantum dots with 3.5 µs lifetime (halflife of 2.4 µs) were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized. The fluorescence rate constant of 4.5 × 104  s-1 and quenching rate constant of 6.18 × 104  s-1 (from 10 μM warfarin that result in 17% lifetime reduction) was calculated...

The INO80 chromatin remodeling complex has roles in many essential cellular processes, including DNA replication. However, the mechanisms that regulate INO80 in these processes remain largely unknown. We previously reported that the stability of Ino80, the catalytic ATPase subunit of INO80, is regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system and that BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1), a nuclear deubiquitinase with tumor suppressor activity, stabilizes Ino80 via deubiquitination and promotes replication fork progression...

Background: Ceftolozane-tazobactam is a new antibiotic against multidrug-resistant pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosas . Ceftolozane-tazobactam dosage is still uncertain in children, especially in those with renal impairment or undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Methods: Evaluation of different ceftolozane-tazobactam dosing regimens in three critically ill children. Ceftolozane pharmacokinetics (PK) were characterized by obtaining the patient's specific parameters by Bayesian estimation based on a population PK model...

AIM: To design controlled release topical delivery of mupirocin for the treatment of skin infection. BACKGROUND: Mupirocin is an antibacterial drug. Mupirocin works to kill the bacteria, which include strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. It is also used for the treatment of inflammation of a hair follicle. The half-life of mupirocin is only 20-40 min. It has very slight solubility in water. Patent literature had shown work on ointment, antibiotic composition, nasal and topical composition...

BACKGROUND: Increased postural balance challenge is associated with more fluctuations in centre of pressure movement, indicating increased interference from the postural control system. The role of intrinsic foot muscles in balance control is relatively understudied and whether such control system interference occurs at the level of these muscles is unknown. RESEARCH QUESTION: Do fewer fluctuations in intrinsic foot muscle excitation occur in response to increased postural balance challenge? METHODS: Surface EMGs were recorded using a grid of 13 × 5 channels from the plantar surface of the foot of 17 participants, who completed three balance tasks: bipedal stance; single leg stance and bipedal tip-toe...

BACKGROUND: PEGylation of stealth liposomes elevates their stability and prolongs plasma halflife. Stealth liposomes modified with targeting ligands are expected to be ideal drug delivery carriers. OBJECTIVE: To encapsulate docetaxel in tbFGF (truncated basic fibroblast growth factor)- functionalized liposomes with mPEG2000-VE (d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate, TPGS2K) and measure their antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: TPGS2K and COOH-PEG2000-VE were synthesized, and tbFGF was conjugated to COOH-PEG2000-VE to prepare tbFGF-PEG2000-VE...

Outcomes of insulin analogues in pediatric diabetes camps are poorly investigated; no data is available about insulin degludec (IDeg).Our aim was to assess impact of insulin therapy adopted by the participants to a 4-day diabetes camp held in 2017, hypothesizing a possible excess risk of hypoglycemia in patients treated with IDeg. Overall, 40 children with type 1 diabetes (mean age 13.4±3.0 years; 62.5% males) attended the camp (20.0% on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and 80.0% on multiple daily injections - MDI)...

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a widespread and persistent pollutant of concern to human health and the environment. Although incineration is often used to treat material contaminated with PFOS and related per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), little is known about the precise chemical mechanism for the thermal decomposition of these substances of concern. Here, we present the first study of the thermal decomposition kinetics of PFOS and related perfluorinated acids, using computational chemistry and reaction rate theory methods...

The Pistia stratiotes L. was tested for phytoremediation potential of the compound clomazone in water. Clomazone is a post-emergent herbicide marketed as Gamit® . Five groups with four samples each were evaluated, a low concentration control (LCC: 37.86 mg L-1 ), low concentration treatment (LCT: 38.16 mg L-1 ), high concentration control (HCC: 54.71 mg L-1 ), high concentration treatment (HCT: 54.33 mg L-1 ), and a plant control group (PCG). Plant resistance to clomazone at determined concentrations and their ability to remove the herbicide from water by HPLC over 24 days were evaluated...

Autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss (ADNSHL) is a highly genetically heterogeneous disorder. Up to date only approximately 37 ADNSHL-causing genes have been identified. The goal of this study was to determine the causative gene in a five-generation Chinese family with ADNSHL. A Chinese family was ascertained. Simultaneously, two affected individuals and one normal hearing control from the family were analyzed by whole exome capture sequencing. To assess the functional effect of the identified variant, in-vitro studies were performed...

BACKGROUND: Moderate hypertriglyceridemia is frequently associated with central obesity, insulin resistance, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. We showed previously that moderately obese men with hypertriglyceridemia have reduced fatty acid oxidation postabsorptively and postprandially. In the present study, we examined the oxidation of fatty acids in normotriglyceridemic men. OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to determine the relation between plasma triglyceride levels and fatty acid oxidation in normotriglyceridemic men...

Indicators are used to quantify the pressure of pesticides on the environment. Pesticide risk indicators typically require weighting environmental exposure by a no effect concentration. An indicator based on spread equivalents (ΣSeq) is used in environmental policy in Flanders (Belgium). The pesticide risk for aquatic life is estimated by weighting active ingredient usage by the ratio of their maximum allowable concentration and their soil halflife. Accurate estimates of total pesticide usage in the region are essential in such calculations...

Prospective epidemiological studies suggest that type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, and Parkinson disease. Drugs that act as incretin receptor agonists or inhibit the proteolytic degradation of incretins (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors) have been approved since 2005 for use in diabetes treatment. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides when the second residue is proline, hydroxyproline, dehydroproline or alanine...