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Medical presentations of psychiatric disease

https://read.qxmd.com/read/38397100/autism-spectrum-disorder-brain-areas-involved-neurobiological-mechanisms-diagnoses-and-therapies
#21
REVIEW
Jacopo Lamanna, Jacopo Meldolesi
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), affecting over 2% of the pre-school children population, includes an important fraction of the conditions accounting for the heterogeneity of autism. The disease was discovered 75 years ago, and the present review, based on critical evaluations of the recognized ASD studies from the beginning of 1990, has been further developed by the comparative analyses of the research and clinical reports, which have grown progressively in recent years up to late 2023. The tools necessary for the identification of the ASD disease and its related clinical pathologies are genetic and epigenetic mutations affected by the specific interaction with transcription factors and chromatin remodeling processes occurring within specific complexes of brain neurons...
February 19, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38389341/applications-of-pet-and-spect-in-patients-with-autism-spectrum-disorder
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Lisa Martini, Natale Quartuccio, Irene Giovanna Schiera, Valentina Berti, Luca Burroni, Angelina Cistaro
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) consists of neurological development disorders that manifest before three years of age and affect social interactions, markedly restricting range of interests and activities, often associated with some degree of intellectual disability. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are non-invasive imaging tools to investigate the function of the brain in vivo. SPECT and PET studies exploring rCBF and brain glucose metabolism in patients with ASD have been performed, providing important insights into the brain regions involved in ASD...
2024: Current medical imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38387837/an-evolutionary-analysis-of-the-applicability-and-utility-of-the-clinico-pathological-method-in-psychiatry
#23
REVIEW
Alfonso Troisi
Unlike other medical specialties, psychiatry has not been involved in the theoretical shift that replaced the syndromal approach with the clinico-pathological method, which consists in explaining clinical manifestations by reference to morbid anatomical and physiological changes. Past and present discussions on the applicability of the clinico-pathological method in psychiatry are based on a pre-Darwinian concept of biology as the study of proximate causation. Distinguishing between mediating mechanisms and evolved functions, an evolutionary perspective offers an original contribution to the debate by overcoming the opposite views of dualism (i...
February 20, 2024: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38382588/long-term-clinical-evaluation-of-patients-with-alpha-mannosidosis-a-multicenter-study
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Engin Köse, Çiğdem Seher Kasapkara, Aslı İnci, Yılmaz Yıldız, İlknur Sürücü Kara, Ayça Burcu Kahraman, Leyla Tümer, Ali Dursun, Fatma Tuba Eminoğlu
BACKGROUND: Alpha mannosidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the MAN2B1 gene. It manifests with clinical features, including intellectual disability, hearing impairment, coarse facial appearance, skeletal anomalies, immunodeficiency, central nervous system involvement, psychiatric comorbidities, corneal opacity, and hepatosplenomegaly. This multicenter study assesses the long-term outcomes of individuals diagnosed with alpha-mannosidosis, examining demographic, clinical, laboratory, and molecular characteristics...
February 19, 2024: European Journal of Medical Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38364749/psychiatric-manifestations-of-neurosyphilis-over-past-two-decades-findings-from-a-tertiary-care-neuropsychiatric-hospital-in-south-india
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Logesh Kanakaraj, Harkishan Mamtani, Ajit Bhalchandra Dahale, Netravathi M, Nagarathna S, Sanjib Sinha, Harish Thippeswamy
OBJECTIVE: To assess presentation of neurosyphilis with a focus on the psychiatric aspects. METHOD: File review of the cases with a positive cerebrospinal fluid venereal disease research laboratory test between 1999 to 2020. RESULTS: Medical records of 143 neurosyphilis patients were analysed. Hallucinations, delusions, and catatonia were the commonest psychiatric symptoms. Brain atrophy was the commonest neuroimaging finding. The number of neurosyphilis patients and the proportion with delirium or catatonia declined during the second decade (2010-2020)...
February 3, 2024: Asian Journal of Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38355047/medical-and-psychiatric-features-of-patients-hospitalized-for-severe-restrictive-eating-disorders-analysis-of-545-consecutive-patients-with-severe-anorexia-nervosa-or-avoidant-restrictive-food-intake-disorder
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kara Leach, Maryrose Bauschka, Ashlie Watters, Philip S Mehler
BACKGROUND: People with severe eating and feeding disorders regularly require hospitalization due to complications inherent to their disease, though formal training regarding this care is limited. METHODS: This retrospective study included 545 patients with severe anorexia nervosa (AN) or avoidant restrictive food intake disorder hospitalized in a medical stabilization unit between 2018 and 2021. Biometrics were obtained throughout hospitalization. Nutrition was increased until patients were gaining 0...
February 13, 2024: Journal of the Academy of Consultation—Liaison Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38327092/somatic-disease-burden-and-depression-risk-in-late-life-a-community-based-study
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Federico Triolo, Davide Liborio Vetrano, Linnea Sjöberg, Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga, Martino Belvederi Murri, Laura Fratiglioni, Serhiy Dekhtyar
AIMS: Co-occurring somatic diseases exhibit complex clinical profiles, which can differentially impact the development of late-life depression. Within a community-based cohort, we aimed to explore the association between somatic disease burden, both in terms of the number of diseases and their patterns, and the incidence of depression in older people. METHODS: We analysed longitudinal data of depression- and dementia-free individuals aged 60+ years from the population-based Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen...
February 8, 2024: Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38320751/late-onset-delirious-mania-does-it-ring-a-bell
#28
REVIEW
Maria Aa Hansen, Robert Bering, Anders Spanggård, Pedro Barata
BACKGROUND: Bell's mania was first described in 1849, and other terms have been used to describe this condition, including delirious mania, mania with delirium, and excited delirium. However, no international diagnostic manual has included mania as an independent diagnostic tool. The criteria for delirious mania were proposed by Bond et al. METHODS: We present a case of a man without a personal or family psychiatric history who experienced his first manic episode of delirium and psychosis at 76 years old...
February 6, 2024: Bipolar Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38318429/lipedematous-scalp-occurring-in-two-female-siblings-further-evidence-for-a-genetic-role
#29
Nada Khalil, James Carton, Carolina P Fernandez, Neil P Patel
INTRODUCTION: Lipedematous scalp (LS) is a rare disorder characterized by thickening of the adipose subcutaneous scalp layer without associated hair loss. To date, there have been fewer than 100 reported cases of LS. LS occurring in siblings has not been previously reported. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a 58-year-old and 63-year-old pair of black Caribbean female siblings with LS. Scalp thickness on ultrasound of the vertex in each case was 12 mm and 11 mm from skin to periosteum, respectively (normal range: 5-6 mm)...
February 2024: Skin Appendage Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38313905/graves-disease-induced-psychosis-refractory-to-intensive-medical-management-requiring-non-voluntary-thyroidectomy-for-psychosis-resolution-a-case-report
#30
Zachary J Anderson, Sreekant Avula, Ameya Kumar, Deepon Sarkar, Laura LaFave
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism, ophthalmopathy, and dermatopathy. The chief thyroid hormone abnormality is the elevation of thyroid hormone, resulting in an overexcitation of the sympathetic and central nervous systems. Psychosis due to Graves' disease is rarely the first presenting symptom, but it is an essential complication of those with severe or untreated disease. Most patients respond well to standard medical management for Graves' disease, although there exists a small subset of people who do not...
January 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38308768/endocrine-manifestations-in-adults-with-22q11-2-deletion-syndrome-a-retrospective-single-center-cohort-study
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
E Soubry, K David, A Swillen, E Vergaelen, M Docx Op de Beeck, M Hulsmans, S Charleer, B Decallonne
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Patients with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) frequently display cardiological and psychiatric diseases, but are also at increased risk for endocrine manifestations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the screening, prevalence, and management of hypoparathyroidism and thyroid disease in patients with 22q11DS, to evaluate the metabolic profile, and to compare these results with current literature and guidelines. DESIGN: We performed a retrospective study of patients with genetically confirmed 22q11DS, followed at the center for human genetics of the University Hospitals Leuven, resulting in a cohort of 75 patients...
February 3, 2024: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38307666/psychiatric-comorbidities-of-migraine
#32
REVIEW
Halle T McCracken, Lauren Y Thaxter, Todd A Smitherman
Migraine is commonly comorbid with psychiatric conditions, particularly major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and sleep disorders. The presence of psychiatric disorders can make diagnosis and treatment more challenging. Existing studies suggest that the relationship between migraine and psychiatric disorders is bidirectional, such that each disorder confers increased risk for onset of the other. Mechanisms underlying this comorbidity are largely speculative but include serotonergic dysfunction, medication overuse, allostatic load, and behavioral factors such as pain-related appraisals and unwarranted avoidance behaviors...
2024: Handbook of Clinical Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38306527/a-rare-presentation-of-wilson-disease-with-neurological-symptoms-case-report-and-genetic-analysis
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chukwuka Elendu, Dependable C Amaechi, Klein A Jingwa, Tochi C Elendu
RATIONALE: Wilson disease is a rare genetic disorder primarily associated with hepatic symptoms; however, its unique neurological presentation remains a subject of interest in the medical literature. This case report contributes to existing knowledge by highlighting the unusual manifestation of Wilson disease with significant neurological symptoms. PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient, pseudonym John Smith, presented with prominent neurological symptoms, including tremors, dystonia, and psychiatric manifestations...
February 2, 2024: Medicine (Baltimore)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38303763/olanzapine-induced-diabetic-ketoacidosis-a-reversible-etiology-overlooked-in-psychiatric-patients
#34
Avish K Jain, Aditi Shah, Geetha Bhat
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic medication with increased side effects of weight gain, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. Here we describe a case of diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient who started taking olanzapine 12 weeks before she presented. CASE REPORT: A 73-year-old African-American female presented with a 1-week history of confusion, polyuria, and polydipsia. Her past medical history included type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and severe depression with psychotic features...
2024: AACE Clinical Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38294805/associations-of-the-gut-microbiome-with-treatment-resistance-in-schizophrenia
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Svetlina S Vasileva, Yuanhao Yang, Andrea Baker, Dan Siskind, Jacob Gratten, Darryl Eyles
IMPORTANCE: There is growing interest in the role of gut microbiome composition in schizophrenia. However, lifestyle factors are often neglected, and few studies have investigated microbiome composition in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE: To explore associations between the gut microbiome and schizophrenia diagnosis, treatment resistance, clozapine response, and treatment-related adverse effects while adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors...
January 31, 2024: JAMA Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38291410/chronic-kidney-disease-incidences-in-thai-outpatients-diagnosed-with-psychiatric-illnesses-receiving-lithium-maintenance-therapy-a-university-hospital-based-study
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jarurin Pitanupong, Chavisa Jittpratoom, Kanthee Anantapong
BACKGROUND: There has been no previous study in Thailand regarding the incidence of lithium-induced abnormal renal function. Hence, this study aimed to assess the effect of lithium maintenance therapy on chronic kidney disease, and associated factors among outpatients diagnosed with a psychiatric illness within Southern Thailand. METHODS: This was a retrospective study, using an information review from the electronic medical records of Songklanagarind Hospital computer system in the last ten years; from 1 January 2013 until 31 September 2022...
January 30, 2024: BMC Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38291273/blood-and-csf-anti-neuronal-antibodies-testing-in-psychotic-syndromes-a-retrospective-analysis-from-a-tertiary-psychiatric-hospital
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joana Lopes, Maria João Malaquias, Joana Freitas, Rodrigo Valido, Paula Carneiro, Esmeralda Neves, Ana Maria Moreira, Raquel Samões, Ernestina Santos, Ana Paula Correia
A Consensus of Psychoimmunology Experts (Pollak et al., 2019) established a set of red flags and proposed diagnostic criteria for psychosis of autoimmune origin (AIP). Previous studies on AIP are limited by the scarcity of CSF analysis, preventing the valorization of blood anti-neuronal antibodies (Ab). The aims of this study are to determine the relative frequency and characterize AIP in a cohort of psychotic patients that underwent CSF workup. This work is a retrospective study in a tertiary psychiatric hospital...
January 31, 2024: Immunologic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38281092/clinical-characteristics-and-treatment-outcomes-of-prurigo-nodularis-a-retrospective-study
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dana Taghaddos, Iryna Savinova, Mohannad Abu-Hilal
BACKGROUND: Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a complex chronic skin disease characterized by severe pruritic nodules. PN is often associated with mental health disorders and chronic medical comorbidities. Until recently, PN treatment has been challenging and difficult. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to describe the demographic, clinical characteristics, and comorbidities associated with PN. Also, we aim to describe the effectiveness of systemic therapies, including methotrexate, cyclosporine, and narrow band ultraviolet (NB-UVB) in adult patients with PN...
January 28, 2024: Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38281038/the-effect-of-multimodal-care-based-on-peplau-s-interpersonal-relationship-theory-on-postoperative-recovery-in-lung-cancer-surgery-a-retrospective-analysis
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xue-E Su, Shan-Hu Wu, He-Fan He, Cui-Liu Lin, Shu Lin, Pei-Qing Weng
BACKGROUND: Lung cancer remains a major global health concern due to its high incidence and mortality rates. With advancements in medical treatments, an increasing number of early-stage lung cancer cases are being detected, making surgical treatment the primary option for such cases. However, this presents challenges to the physical and mental recovery of patients. Peplau known as the "mother of psychiatric associations" has formulated a theory of interpersonal relationships in nursing...
January 27, 2024: BMC Pulmonary Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38272665/who-tests-for-lead-and-why-a-10-year-analysis-of-blood-lead-screening-follow-up-and-cns-outcomes-in-a-statewide-us-healthcare-system
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aaron Reuben, Ralph Ward, Alex O Rothbaum, Vickey L Cornelison, Sarah Huffman, Lisa M McTeague, Michael G Schmidt, Aaron J Specht, Dean G Kilpatrick
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine (1) which providers in US healthcare systems order lead tests, why and at what frequency and (2) whether current patient population lead levels are predictive of clinical outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective medical record study of all blood lead tests in the Medical University of South Carolina healthcare system 2012-2016 and consequent evidence of central nervous system (CNS)-related disease across a potential 10-year window (2012-2022)...
January 25, 2024: Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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