Quadruple negative

The secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a common process in Gram-negative bacteria and can be exploited for biotechnological applications. EVs pose a self-adjuvanting, non-replicative vaccine platform, where membrane and antigens are presented to the host immune system in a non-infectious fashion. The secreted quantity of EVs varies between Gram-negative bacterial species and is comparatively high in the model bacterium E. coli. The outer membrane proteins OmpA and OmpF of the fish pathogen Y. ruckeri have been proposed as vaccine candidates to prevent enteric redmouth disease in aquaculture...

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of steroid hormones that play crucial roles in plant growth and development. Atypical bHLH transcription factors that lack the basic region for DNA binding have been implicated in BR signaling. However, the underlying mechanisms of atypical bHLHs in regulation of rice (Oryza sativa) BR signaling is still largely unknown. Here, we describe a systematic characterization of INCREASED LEAF INCLINATION (ILI) subfamily atypical bHLH transcription factors in rice. A total of eight members, ILI1 to ILI8, with substantial sequence similarity were retrieved...

UNLABELLED: Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is a gram-negative bacterium exhibiting high pathogenicity. Traditional antibiotic treatments are considered ineffective as the H. pylori resistance has increased. Recently, a quadruple therapy strategy of probiotics and antibiotics to eliminate H. pylori was proposed. Probiotics play a therapeutic role as supplements in this process. The present research screened a probiotic strain ( Lactobacillus crispatus FSCDJY67L3) that co-aggregates strongly with H...

The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of an organism possess an extraordinary capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages of adult cells in the body and are known for their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The use of these stem cells is a boon to the field of regenerative biology, but at the same time, a bane to regenerative medicine and therapeutics owing to the multiple cellular ambiguities associated with them. These ambiguities may arise from the diversity in the source of these stem cells and from their in vitro growth conditions, both of which reflect upon their functional heterogeneity...

African swine fever (ASF) emerged in domestic pigs and wild boars in China in 2018 and rapidly spread to neighboring Asian countries. Currently, no effective vaccine or diagnostic tests are available to prevent its spread. We developed a robust quadruple recombinant-protein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (QrP-iELISA) using four antigenic proteins (CD2v, CAP80, p54, and p22) to detect ASF virus (ASFV) antibodies and compared it with a commercial kit (IDvet) using ASFV-positive and -negative serum samples...

Quadruple-negative breast cancer (QNBC) lacks traditional actionable targets, including androgen receptor (AR). QNBC disproportionately afflicts and impacts patients of African genetic ancestry. Kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1/HSET), a centrosome clustering protein that prevents cancer cells from undergoing centrosome-amplification-induced apoptosis, has been reported to be upregulated in TNBCs and African-American (AA) TNBCs. Herein, we analyzed KIFC1 RNA levels and their associations with clinical features and outcomes among AR-low and AR-high TNBC tumors in three distinct publicly available gene expression datasets and in the breast cancer gene expression database (bc-GenExMiner)...

Helicobacter pylori , a gram-negative microaerophilic pathogen, causes several upper gastrointestinal diseases, such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. For the diseases listed above, H. pylori has different pathogenic mechanisms, including colonization and virulence factor expression. It is essential to make accurate diagnoses and provide patients with effective treatment to achieve positive clinical outcomes. Detection of H. pylori can be accomplished invasively and noninvasively, with both having advantages and limitations...

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known for its heterogeneous complexity and is often difficult to treat. TNBC lacks the expression of major hormonal receptors like estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 and is further subdivided into androgen receptor (AR) positive and AR negative. In contrast, AR negative is also known as quadruple-negative breast cancer (QNBC). Compared to AR-positive TNBC, QNBC has a great scarcity of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets...

Simultaneous initiation of quadruple therapy with angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor aims at prompt improvement and prevention of readmission in patients hospitalized for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. However, titration of quadruple therapy is time consuming. Lengthy up-titration of quadruple therapy may negate the benefit of early initiation. Quadruple therapy should start with a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition and a mineralocorticoid antagonist, as both enable safe decongestion and require minimal or no titration...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Successful Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication with the traditional 7-day course of proton pump inhibitor triple therapy is declining. Prolonging therapy to 14 days is associated with better eradication rates. Most learned societies recommend concomitant quadruple therapy (QC) as a first-line alternative therapy for this bacterial infection. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of triple therapy (TT) and QC for the eradication of Hp infection...

BACKGROUND Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in children often involve a complex interplay between viruses and bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate clinical presentation in children under 5 years old diagnosed with non-COVID-19 bacterial and viral respiratory tract co-infections between October 2021 and May 2022 in Białystok, Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS We recruited 100 children under 5 years with RTIs who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Nasopharyngeal swabs were screened for 19 viruses and 7 bacterial strains using molecular assays...

AIMS: A new molecular subtype classification was proposed for small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). We aimed to further validate the classification in various SCLC patient samples using immunohistochemistry (IHC) to highlight its clinical significance. METHODS: We analysed the protein expression of four subtype (achaete-scute family BHLH transcription factor 1 (ASCL1), neuronal differentiation 1 (NEUROD1), POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3) and Yes1-associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1)) and two predictive markers (delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) and MYC) using IHC in 216 specimens from 195 SCLC patients, including 21 pairs of resected biopsy tumours...

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and its recently identified subtype, quadruple negative breast cancer (QNBC), collectively account for approximately 13% of reported breast cancer cases in the United States. These aggressive forms of breast cancer are associated with poor prognoses, limited treatment options, and lower overall survival rates. In previous studies, our research demonstrated that VNLG-152R exhibits inhibitory effects on TNBC cells both in vitro and in vivo and the deuterated analogs were more potent inhibitors of TNBC cells in vitro...

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a recalcitrant pathogen, which can cause gastric disorders. During the past decades, polypharmacy-based regimens, such as triple and quadruple therapies have been widely used against H. pylori. However, polyantibiotic therapies can disturb the host gastric/gut microbiota and lead to antibiotic resistance. Thus, simpler but more effective approaches should be developed. Here, some recent advances in nanostructured drug delivery systems to treat H. pylori infection are summarized...

Downy Mildew Resistance 6-like (DMR6-like) genes are identified as salicylic acid (SA) hydroxylases and negative regulators of plant immunity. Previously, we identified two rice DMR6-like genes, OsF3H03g, and OsF3H04g , that act as susceptible targets of transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), which causes bacterial leaf streak (BLS) in rice. Furthermore, all four homologs of rice DMR6-like proteins were identified to predominantly carry the enzyme activity of SA 5-hydroxylase (S5H), negatively regulate rice broad-spectrum resistance, and cause the loss of function of these OsDMR6s , leading to increased resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight (BB)...

BACKGROUND: Computerized tomography (CT) has been increasingly utilized in the differential diagnosis of acute chest pain. Combining the triple rule out CT angiography (TRO-CT) approach with dual-energy CT (DECT) can enhance the diagnostic capability by identifying myocardial perfusion deficiencies. This combination can yield a quadruple-rule-out computed tomography angiography (QRO-CT) technique. The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of the QRO-CT. METHODS: Intraluminal diseases and abnormalities in the main coronary arteries and branches were investigated...

In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-ToF-MS) was employed to screen and identify pharmaceutical pollutants and emerging contaminants (ECs) in the Periyar River near Aster Medicity hospital, the dumping yard of Amrutha hospital, and the Vaduthala bridge regions in Kerala, India. The analysis was conducted in both positive and negative ionization modes using electrospray ionization (ESI). The QuEChERS method was employed for initial sediment sample preparation...

In this study, we present a theoretical study of the quantum spin Hall effect in InN/InGaN coupled multiple quantum wells with the individual well widths equal to two atomic monolayers. We consider triple and quadruple quantum wells in which the In content in the interwell barriers is greater than or equal to the In content in the external barriers. To calculate the electronic subbands in these nanostructures, we use the eight-band k∙p Hamiltonian, assuming that the effective spin-orbit interaction in InN is negative, which represents the worst-case scenario for achieving a two-dimensional topological insulator...

Chromobox (CBX)2 and CBX7, members of CBX family protein, show diverse expression patterns and contrasting roles in certain cancers. We aimed to investigate the subcellular expression patterns and clinical significances of CBXs in breast cancer (BC) subtypes, which have heterogeneous clinical course and therapeutic responses. Among the subtypes, the triple-negative BC (TNBC) is a heterogeneous group that lacks specific markers. We categorized TNBC into quadruple-negative BC (QNBC) and TNBC, based on androgen receptor (AR) status, to make the groups more homogeneous...

Ferroelectric van der Waals CuInP2 S6 possesses intriguing quadruple-well states and negative piezoelectricity. Its technological implementation has been impeded by the relatively low Curie temperature (bulk T C ∼ 42 °C) and the lack of precise domain control. Here we show that CuInP2 S6 can be immune to the finite size effect and exhibits enhanced ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and polar alignment in the ultrathin limit when it is interfaced with ferroelectric oxide PbZr0.2 Ti0.8 O3 films...