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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ichiro Kuki, Takeshi Inoue, Masataka Fukuoka, Megumi Nukui, Hideo Okuno, Kiyoko Amo, Yasunori Otsuka, Junichi Ishikawa, Hiroshi Rinka, Atushi Ujiro, Masao Togawa, Masashi Shiomi, Shin Okazaki
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short-term benefits and adverse effects of ketamine in the treatment of pediatric and adolescent super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE), with a focus on the inflammatory etiology. METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study included a consecutive series of 18 pediatric to adolescent patients with SRSE admitted between 2008 and 2023 and treated with ketamine. Seizure frequency per hour before and after ketamine administration and response rate were calculated...
March 6, 2024: Journal of the Neurological Sciences
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaolong Wu, Kailiang Wang, Jingjing Wang, Penghu Wei, Huaqiang Zhang, Yanfeng Yang, Yinchun Huang, Yihe Wang, Wenli Shi, Yongzhi Shan, Guoguang Zhao
The results of many epidemiological studies suggest a bidirectional causality may exist between epilepsy and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying molecular landscape linking these two diseases remains largely unknown. This study aimed to explore this possible bidirectional causality by identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each disease as well as their intersection based on two respective disease-related datasets. We performed enrichment analyses and explored immune cell infiltration based on an intersection of the DEGs...
March 7, 2024: Molecular Biotechnology
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Caroline Sévoz-Couche, Wupeng Liao, Hazel Y C Foo, Isabelle Bonne, Thong Beng Lu, Caris Tan Qi Hui, Wendy Yen Xian Peh, Shi-Cheng Yen, W S Fred Wong
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness. The use of nicotinic agents to mimic the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) controls experimental asthma. Yet, the effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)-induced CAP on allergic inflammation remain unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with house dust mite (HDM) extract and treated with active VNS (5 Hz, 0...
March 2, 2024: British Journal of Pharmacology
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jing Zhu, Soojin Park, Se Hoon Kim, Chul Hoon Kim, Kyoung Hoon Jeong, Won-Joo Kim
Sirtuin3 (Sirt3) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide enzyme that contributes to aging, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have reported that Sirt3 exerts anti-inflammatory effects in several neuropathophysiological disorders. As epilepsy is a common neurological disease, in the present study, we investigated the role of Sirt3 in astrocyte activation and inflammatory processes after epileptic seizures. We found the elevated expression of Sirt3 within reactive astrocytes as well as in the surrounding cells in the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and a mouse model of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE)...
February 26, 2024: Glia
#25
REVIEW
Shruthi H Iyer, Mary Y Yeh, Lauren Netzel, Molly G Lindsey, McKenzie Wallace, Kristina A Simeone, Timothy A Simeone
Epilepsy often occurs with other neurological disorders, such as autism, affective disorders, and cognitive impairment. Research indicates that many neurological disorders share a common pathophysiology of dysfunctional energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis. The past decade has witnessed a growing interest in the use of metabolic therapies for these disorders with or without the context of epilepsy. Over one hundred years ago, the high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) was formulated as a treatment for epilepsy...
February 17, 2024: Nutrients
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yahong Cheng, Yiyuan Zhang, Puxin Huang, Qingzhou Cheng, Hong Ding
Epilepsy represents a prevalent neurological disorder in the population, and the existing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) often fail to adequately control seizures. Inflammation is recognized as a pivotal factor in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Luteolin, a natural flavonoid extract, possesses anti-inflammatory properties and exhibits promising neuroprotective activity. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the antiepileptic effects of luteolin remain elusive. In this study, we established a rat model of epilepsy using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) to induce seizures...
February 14, 2024: Epilepsy Research
#27
REVIEW
Jiayi Li, Honggang Qi, Yuzhou Chen, Xinjian Zhu
Demyelination stands out as a prominent feature in individuals with specific types of epilepsy. Concurrently, individuals with demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) are at a greater risk of developing epilepsy compared to non-MS individuals. These bidirectional connections raise the question of whether both pathological conditions share common pathogenic mechanisms. This review focuses on the reciprocal relationship between epilepsy and demyelination diseases. We commence with an overview of the neurological basis of epilepsy and demyelination diseases, followed by an exploration of how our comprehension of these two disorders has evolved in tandem...
February 18, 2024: Progress in Neurobiology
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bogdana Virgolici, Maria Zinaida Dobre, Lixandru Daniela, Laura Petcu, Ariana Picu, Constantin Ionescu-Targoviste, Maria Greabu, Elena Violeta Bacanu
Introduction . Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a liver enzyme involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. It is already known that MCP-1 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1) and TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor) as inflammatory markers, ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1) as an endothelial dysfunctional marker, and glutathione, as an antioxidant, have abnormal levels in type 2 diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the specific biological picture of type 2 diabetic patients that also associate higher GGT activity...
February 20, 2024: Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Roa'a Hamed, Emmanuelle Merquiol, Ivan Zlotver, Galia Blum, Sara Eyal, Dana Ekstein
Our goal was to test the feasibility of a new theranostic strategy in chronic epilepsy by targeting cathepsin function using novel cathepsin activity-based probes (ABPs). We assessed the biodistribution of fluorescent cathepsin ABPs in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo, in rodents with pilocarpine-induced chronic epilepsy and naïve controls, in human epileptic tissue, and in the myeloid cell lines RAW 264.7 (monocytes) and BV2 (microglia). Distribution and localization of ABPs were studied by fluorescence scanning, immunoblotting, microscopy, and cross-section staining in anesthetized animals, in their harvested organs, in brain tissue slices, and in vitro...
February 13, 2024: ACS Omega
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lea Ebner, Piergiorgio Lochner, Simona Lattanzi, Francesco Brigo, Gudrun Wagenpfeil, Klaus Faßbender, Frauke Röll
BACKGROUND: Early post-stroke seizures (EPSS) are associated with an increased risk of mortality and post-stroke epilepsy. This study aimed to identify potential risk factors for EPSS, focusing on blood parameters, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which is a biomarker for inflammation. METHODS: Patients treated for ischemic stroke between 2017 and 2019 were retrospectively identified. 44 of them had a first epileptic seizure within 7 days after the stroke...
March 2024: Epilepsy & Behavior: E&B
#31
REVIEW
Hayder M Al-Kuraishy, Majid S Jabir, Ali K Albuhadily, Ali I Al-Gareeb, Sabrean F Jawad, Ayman A Swelum, Najah R Hadi
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a low-carbohydrate, adequate protein and high-fat diet. KD is primarily used to treat refractory epilepsy. KD was shown to be effective in treating different neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer disease (AD) is the first common neurodegenerative disease in the world characterized by memory and cognitive impairment. However, the underlying mechanism of KD in controlling of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases are not discussed widely. Therefore, this review aims to revise the fundamental mechanism of KD in different neurodegenerative diseases focusing on the AD...
March 2024: Ageing Research Reviews
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiahui Sui, Longwu Zhan, Shengtao Ji, Wenwen Wu, Yuhan Chen, Feng Yun, Wenpeng Liang, Jie Wang, Maohong Cao, Dingding Shen, Qi Zhang
OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism involved in variable phenotypes of epilepsy models induced by γ-aminobutyric acid type A γ2 subunit (GABRG2) mutations. METHODS: The zebrafish carrying wild-type (WT) GABRG2, mutant GABRG2(P282S), GABRG2(F343L) and GABRG2(I107T) were established by Tol2kit transgenesis system and Gateway method. Behavioral analysis of different transgenic zebrafish was performed with the DanioVision Video-Track framework and the brain activity was analyzed by field potential recording with MD3000 Bio-signal Acquisition and Processing System...
February 2024: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
H Sadri, A Madanipour, N Toami, M Bakhtiari, H Montazerlotfelahi, E Zahmatkesh, A Zandifar, M Tavakol
Background. Little is known about the relationship between allergic diseases and seizure disorders including epilepsy. It is hypothesized that inflammation from allergic diseases may predispose children to seizures. the aim of this study is to investigate frequency of seizure disorder in children with asthma and allergy. Methods. A cross-sectional survey study of parents of 1300 children and adolescents under 20 years of age referred to the Allergy and Asthma Clinic of Imam Ali Hospital (Karaj) who were asked to complete a screening questionnaire for seizures in their children...
February 13, 2024: European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
#34
REVIEW
Azam Ildarabadi, Seyedeh Nooshan Mir Mohammad Ali, Fatemeh Rahmani, Narjes Mosavari, Elham Pourbakhtyaran, Nima Rezaei
Childhood epilepsy affects up to 1 % of children. It has been shown that 30 % of patients are resistant to drug treatments, making further investigation of other potential treatment strategies necessary. One such approach is the ketogenic diet (KD) showing promising results and potential benefits beyond the use of current antiepileptic drugs. This study aims to investigate the effects of KD on inflammation and oxidative stress, as one of the main suggested mechanisms of neuroprotection, in children with epilepsy...
February 14, 2024: Reviews in the Neurosciences
#35
REVIEW
Jeffrey M Witkin, Hana Shafique, Jodi L Smith, Rok Cerne
Patients with epilepsy require improved medications. Purinergic receptors were identified as late as 1976 and are slowly emerging as potential drug targets for the discovery of antiseizure medications. While compounds interacting with these receptors have been approved for use as medicines (e.g., gefapixant for cough) and continue to be explored for a number of diseases (e.g., pain, cancer), there have been no purinergic receptor antagonists that have been advanced for epilepsy. There are very few studies on the channel conducting receptors, P2X3 and P2X4, that suggest their possible role in seizure generation or control...
February 8, 2024: Biochemical Pharmacology
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Grigorios Kyriatzis, Anne Bernard, Angélique Bôle, Michel Khrestchatisky, Lotfi Ferhat
In humans and animal models, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is associated with reorganization of hippocampal neuronal networks, gliosis, neuroinflammation, and loss of integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). More than 30% of epilepsies remain intractable, and characterization of the molecular mechanisms involved in BBB dysfunction is essential to the identification of new therapeutic strategies. In this work, we induced status epilepticus in rats through injection of the proconvulsant drug pilocarpine, which leads to TLE...
January 30, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mervt M Almostafa, Maged E Mohamed, Nancy S Younis
BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a severe neurological disorder associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Vanillin (Van) is a natural phenolic aldehyde with beneficial pharmacological properties. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of Van in epilepsy and elucidated its mechanism of action. METHODS: Swiss albino mice were divided into the following five groups: "normal group", 0.9 % saline; "pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) group", intraperitoneal administration of 35 mg/kg PTZ on alternate days up to 42 days; and "PTZ + Van 20", "PTZ + Van 40", and "PTZ + sodium valproate (Val)" groups received PTZ injections in conjunction withVan 20 mg, Van 40 mg/kg, and Val 300 mg/kg, respectively...
February 8, 2024: International Immunopharmacology
#38
Ghassem Fattahzadeh Ardalani, Ali Samady Khanghah, Mohammad Jahanpanah, Diana Mokhtari, Parisa Samady Khanghah
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Limbic encephalitides (LE) have symptoms and signs of new-onset seizures accompanied by cognitive impairment and signal changes in the MRI of the limbic system in the brain. Numerous antibodies against the neurons and synapses have been detected so far. Of those, antiglutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (Anti-GAD Ab) impairs the gamma amino butyric acid, one of the primary mediators that naturally prevents abnormal neuronal activity causing seizure. CASE PRESENTATION: The authors have reported a case of anti-GAD Ab LE in a diabetic male adolescent who responded dramatically to intravenous immunoglobulin and reviewed all similar pediatric cases for 15 years now...
February 2024: Annals of Medicine and Surgery
#39
REVIEW
Aysha Bano, Aakriti Garg, Mumtaz, Nidhi, Mohd Ashif Khan
BACKGROUND: Emerging literature has suggested the antiepileptic activity of cysteine leukotriene receptor (CysLTR) antagonists in experimental animals of epilepsy. Leukotrienes are substances that cause inflammation and affect brain activity, blood flow, oxidation, and inflammation in the brain. These processes are related to epilepsy and its complications. CysLTR antagonists are drugs that prevent leukotrienes from working. They may be useful for treating epilepsy, especially for people who do not respond to other drugs...
February 2024: Epilepsy Research
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Friederike A Arlt, Ramona Miske, Marie-Luise Machule, Peter Broegger Christensen, Swantje Mindorf, Bianca Teegen, Kathrin Borowski, Maria Buthut, Rosa Rößling, Elisa Sanchez-Sendin, Scott van Hoof, César Cordero-Gómez, Isabel Bünger, Helena Radbruch, Andrea Kraft, Ilya Ayzenberg, Jaqueline Klausewitz, Niels Hansen, Charles Timäus, Peter Körtvelyessy, Thomas Postert, Kirsten Baur-Seack, Constanze Rost, Robert Brunkhorst, Kathrin Doppler, Niklas Haigis, Gerhard Hamann, Albrecht Kunze, Alexandra Stützer, Matthias Maschke, Nico Melzer, Felix Rosenow, Kai Siebenbrodt, Christian Stenør, Martin Dichgans, Marios K Georgakis, Rong Fang, Gabor C Petzold, Michael Görtler, Inga Zerr, Silke Wunderlich, Ivan Mihaljevic, Paul Turko, Marianne Schmidt Ettrup, Emilie Buchholz, Helle Foverskov Rasmussen, Mahoor Nasouti, Ivan Talucci, Hans M Maric, Stefan H Heinemann, Matthias Endres, Lars Komorowski, Harald Prüss
BACKGROUND: Autoantibodies against the potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2 (KCNA2) have been described in a few cases of neuropsychiatric disorders, but their diagnostic and pathophysiological role is currently unknown, imposing challenges to medical practice. DESIGN / METHODS: We retrospectively collected comprehensive clinical and paraclinical data of 35 patients with KCNA2 IgG autoantibodies detected in cell-based and tissue-based assays. Patients' sera and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were used for characterization of the antigen, clinical-serological correlations, and determination of IgG subclasses...
February 1, 2024: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
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