reflexogenically

Portal Venous Gas (PVG) provides an important differential diagnosis in the diagnose of intrahepatic reflexogenic structures. This review article is intended to provide an overview of the current literature on the detection of PVG, its special forms and important differential diagnoses, it also shows possibilities for the diagnostic procedure in the case of sonographic detection of PVG.

The heart is endowed with reflexogenic areas capable of powerful blood pressure responses. Relatively little work has studied the hemodynamic mechanisms underlying these responses and whether these are sexually dimorphic. We hypothesized that activation of bradykinin-sensitive pericardial afferents would produce a sexually dimorphic cardiac output response. Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized and instrumented with catheters for recording arterial pressure, with an aortic arch flow probe to record cardiac output and with a catheter in the pericardial sac...

We examined in 11 young subjects (age 29.7±3.6 years, mean±SEM) whether carotid baroreceptor stimulation via the neck chamber device may affect central venous pressure (CVP), thus potentially involving other reflexogenic areas in the examined responses. Application of progressively greater neck chamber subatmospheric pressures caused a progressive lengthening in RR interval, which reached a peak at the maximal value of negative neck chamber pressure applied. This was accompanied by significant and progressively greater reduction in CVP values when the data were calculated considering the early changes occurring within the first 2 seconds of the stimulus...

Solitary chemosensory cells and chemosensory cell clusters are distributed in the pharynx and larynx. In the present study, the morphology and reflexogenic function of solitary chemosensory cells and chemosensory cell clusters in the nasal cavity and pharynx were examined using immunofluorescence for GNAT3 and electrophysiology. In the nasal cavity, GNAT3-immunoreactive solitary chemosensory cells were widely distributed in the nasal mucosa, particularly in the cranial region near the nostrils. Solitary chemosensory cells were also observed in the nasopharynx...

Purpose The larynx is a uniquely situated organ, juxtaposed between the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, and endures considerable immunological challenges while providing reflexogenic responses via putative mucosal mechanoreceptor afferents. Laryngeal afferents mediate precise monitoring of sensory events by relay to the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (iSLN). Exposure to a variety of stimuli (e.g., mechanical, chemical, thermal) at the mucosa-airway interface has likely evolved a diverse array of specialized sensory afferents for rapid laryngeal control...

INTRODUCTION: Forward head posture is the most frequently observed postural deviations and is said to be associated with shortening of posterior cervical extensors and weakening of the anterior deep cervical flexors. Manual therapy has the potential to achieve reflexogenic changes in muscle and enhance the motor activity and strength. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the immediate effect of grade IV cervicothoracic Maitland mobilization on deep neck flexors strength in individuals with forward head posture...

A frequent reason for visiting an ophthalmologist for patients of working age is computer vision syndrome (CVS): statistics show that up to 90% of users of personal electronic computers (PCs) suffer from this disease. Therefore, the actual task of modern rehabilitation medicine and ophthalmology is the search for an effective and safe way to prevent and treat the CVS among employees of enterprises. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY: Was a scientific justification, an assessment of the effectiveness and safety of the use of electroneurostimulation (ENS) of the cervical sympathetic ganglia in patients with CVS...

STUDY DESIGN: Narrative review with a case illustration. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pathogenesis and outcome of therapy for walking-evoked erection in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Cauda equina compression due to lumbar degenerative diseases rarely cause a walking-evoked erection; however, no review has been undertaken of walking-evoked erection in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases...

The glossopharyngeal and vagus cranial nerves provide the brainstem with sensory inputs from different receptors in the heart, lung, and vasculature. This afferent information is critical for the short-term regulation of arterial blood pressure and the buffering of emotional and physical stressors. Glossopharyngeal afferents supply the medulla with continuous mechanoreceptive signals from baroreceptors at the carotid sinus. Vagal afferents ascending from the heart supply mechanoreceptive signals from baroreceptors in different reflexogenic areas including the aortic arch, atria, ventricles, and pulmonary arteries...

The larynx and associated laryngopharyngeal regions are innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) and are highly reflexogenic. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have recently been detected in SLN innervated regions; however, their involvement in the swallowing reflex has not been fully elucidated. Here, we explore the contribution of two TRP channels, TRPV1 and TRPM8, located in SLN-innervated regions to the swallowing reflex. Immunohistochemistry identified TRPV1 and TRPM8 on cell bodies of SLN afferents located in the nodose-petrosal-jugular ganglionic complex...

Background: Active restraint for the elbow joint is provided by the soft tissue component, which consists of a musculoligamentous complex. A lesion of the lateral collateral ligament complex (LCLC) is thought to be the primary cause of posterolateral rotatory instability in the elbow. Its role as a protective reflexogenic structure is supported by the existence of ultrastructural mechanoreceptors. The aim of this study was to describe the existence and distribution of LCLC mechanoreceptors in the human elbow joint and to determine their role in providing joint stability...

The carotid glomus is an anatomical structure located in the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and consisting of chemo and baroreceptors. It is an important reflexogenic zone participating in provision of constancy of arterial pressure. Performing eversion carotid endarterectomy is accompanied by damage of the structures of the carotid glomus, which is followed by persistent arterial hypertension in the early postoperative period. This complication remains one of the unsolved tasks in surgery of carotid arteries...

The underlying pathophysiology of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias remains a matter of intense investigation. Though evolving, the contemporary explanations do not encompass all aspects of arrhythmogenicity. An improved understanding of arrhythmia substrate is needed to augment therapeutic capabilities. Our observation and literature sources demonstrate relatively high incidence of transitory arrhythmias which are non-intentionally generated by the endocardial lead/catheter manipulation. These findings are interesting and potentially may crystallize the reflex-dependent proarrhythmic cardiac activity...

There is ample evidence that arterial and venous links of the vascular bed are interrelated, with the venous part, as the highly organized reflexogenic zone, responsible for the development of complex reactions providing the stability of the cerebral blood flow. There is few publications devoted to the venous pathology of the brain however the prevalence of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is relatively high. The annual prevalence of CVT is 4-7 per 1 million of population. Timely recognition and early diagnosis of CVT are most important for successful treatment of patients...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an end product of aerobic cellular respiration. In healthy persons, PaCO2 is maintained by physiologic mechanisms within a narrow range (35-45 mm Hg). Both hypercapnia and hypocapnia are encountered in myriad clinical situations. In recent years, the number of hypercapnic patients has increased by the use of smaller tidal volumes to limit lung stretch and injury during mechanical ventilation, so-called permissive hypercapnia. A knowledge and appreciation of the effects of CO2 in the heart are necessary for optimal clinical management in the perioperative and critical care settings...

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: Spinal cord injuries are usually associated with anejaculation, but few premature ejaculations (PE) are described in lumbosacral lesions. The objective of the study is to analyze the retrospective files of patients with lumbosacral lesions to explore whether PE is systematic, and which type of lesions (conus teminalis, epiconal, cauda equina) is associated with these PE. METHODS: Standard sexological consultations from 34 men with L5-S4 lesions were analyzed including questions on psychogenic and reflexogenic erection, and ejaculation...

Loss of consciousness i.e. syncope is a common cause of getting to emergency call service. We describe two patients, in whom fainting was caused by reflexogenic syncope. The diagnosis is quickly solved if there is patience to review the patient history as thoroughly as possible. Registration of the conventional 12-lead electrocardiography and clinical examination usually suffice as basic investigations, without the need for expensive equipment. Careful scrutiny of the medical history will not only reveal the cause of fainting but also the predisposing factors, whereby recurrence of the event can easily be avoided by recognizing a threatening situation early enough...

The contribution of sympathetic activation in the development of hypertension is supported by early experimental evidence based on surgical denervation of sino-aortic baroreceptors or lesions of the central relay station of the baroreflex, the nucleus tractus solitarii. Disruption of this area of the brain was associated with an immediate increase in blood pressure. Sympathetic overactivity can also be triggered by impairment of the inhibitory function physiologically exerted by reflexogenic areas (arterial baroreceptors, cardiopulmonary receptors, and chemoreceptors) on adrenergic drive...

AIMS: To determine if the muscarinic agonist, bethanechol, inhibits the non-cholinergic, atropine-resistant (i.e. putatively purinergic) component of naturally occurring (i.e. reflexogenic) bladder contractions in vivo in the rat, as previously described in vitro. Our second aim was to determine if elevation of endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) with distigmine, an acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitor, could also inhibit non-cholinergic component of reflexogenic bladder contractions. MAIN METHODS: Cystometry was performed in urethane anesthetized adult female Sprague Dawley rats...

Obstructive sleep apnea, manifested by intermittent hypoxia and excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in airways, is associated with hyperreactive airway diseases, but the mechanism remains unclear. Sensitization of lung vagal C fibers (LVCFs) contributes to the airway hypersensitivity. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the sensitization of LVCFs with acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH), by 10 episodes of exposure to 30 s of hypoxic air (0%, 5%, or 10% O(2)) followed by 30 s of room air in anesthetized, open-chest, and artificially ventilated rats...