Leukemia lymphoma pediatric oncology

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an extranodal type of lymphoma, which is treated with methotrexate (MTX)-based induction therapy. Although PCNSL is a hematological malignancy, patients with PCNSL may be treated at neurosurgery or hematology/oncology departments; however, the outcomes of PCNSL treatment have not been compared between these two departments. The present study compared the outcomes of 26 patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL that were treated at the Department of Neurological Surgery or Department of Hematology/Oncology (Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama, Japan) between January 2011 and December 2021...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): AYA cancer survivors are at risk for missed care opportunities due to transitions of care and movement towards independence. This study was undertaken to evaluate steps towards independence of AYA survivors voluntarily using a free, Internet-based tool for creation of survivorship care plans (SCP). MATERIALS/METHODS: A free, publicly accessible tool, Smart-ALACC (Smart Adult Living after Childhood Cancer) was made available on Oncolink.org...

Objectives A multimodal approach to pain management, including potential interventional techniques, is suggested to achieve adequate pain control. This study discusses the techniques and medications employed to manage pain in pediatric oncology patients. Methodology This study included 90 patients under 18 years of age who underwent pain management in the algology clinic between 2002 and 2020. From the algology follow-up records, the following data were recorded: demographic information, follow-up time, cancer diagnosis and stage, cause and location of pain, systems involved, duration and intensity of pain, analgesic and adjuvant drugs prescribed, routes and duration of drug administration, complications, interventional procedures if performed, "pain intensity" scores prior to and following treatment, and daily and total analgesic consumption of the patients...

BACKGROUND: Substantial progress has been achieved in managing childhood cancers in many high-income countries (HICs). In contrast, survival rates in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) are less favorable. Here, we aimed to compare outcomes and associated factors between two large institutions; Egypt (LMIC) and Germany (HIC). METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on newly diagnosed children with cancer between 2006 and 2010 in the departments of pediatric oncology at the South Egypt Cancer Institute (SECI) (n = 502) and the University Hospital of Cologne-Uniklinik Köln (UKK) (n = 238)...

INTRODUCTION: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is often diagnosed in children with hematological malignancies and can be life threatening due to metabolic disturbances. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CKRT) can reverse these disturbances relatively quickly when conventional medical management fails. Our objective was to investigate the benefit of CKRT in the management of TLS in children admitted to the intensive care unit with hematologic malignancies. In addition, we sought to assess risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in the setting of TLS...

Hematologic malignancy is a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults; however, data specific to children with leukemia are limited. High-quality infectious adverse event data from the ongoing Children's Oncology Group (COG) standard-risk B acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL/LLy) trial, AALL1731, were analyzed to provide a disease-specific estimate of SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes in pediatric ALL. Of 253 patients with reported infections, the majority (77.1%) were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic (CTCAE grade 1/2) and there was a single COVID-19-related death...

BACKGROUND: Hematological neoplasms (HNs) are the first and most common childhood cancers globally. Currently, there is a lack of updated population-based data on the incidence of these cancers in the Spanish pediatric population. This study aimed to describe the incidence and incidence trends of HNs in children (0-14 years) in Spain using data from the Spanish Network of Cancer Registries and to compare the results with other southern European countries. METHODS: Data were extracted from 15 Spanish population-based cancer registries between 1983 and 2018...

BACKGROUND: Cyclin D has been shown to play an essential role in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) initiation and progression, providing rationale for targeting the CDK4/6-cyclin D complex that regulates cell cycle progression. PROCEDURE: The Children's Oncology Group AINV18P1 phase 1 trial evaluated the CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, in combination with standard four-drug re-induction chemotherapy in children and young adults with relapsed/refractory B- and T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoma...

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aims to describe an overview of the overall care, patient and parent education, staff training, and management of complications from a nursing perspective of pediatric patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell infusion in order to provide an updated summary of the approach to the management of these patients. CAR-T cellular therapy represents an innovation within pediatric hematology and oncology used to treat relapse and refractory leukemias, solid tumors, and lymphomas when standard therapy has not worked...

BACKGROUND: Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) is a rare pediatric disorder driven by the Epstein-Barr virus and is considered as a part of the lymphoma spectrum. It is mostly associated with immune deficiency and patients on immunosuppressive therapy, especially with acute leukemia. It can present as a multisystemic disease, diagnosed on biopsy as atypical lymphocytes with an angiocentric pattern against a background composed of histiocytes, neutrophils, and extensive T-cell infiltration...

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy, with diagnosis preceded by symptoms that may include fever, weight loss, fatigue, bleeding, and bruising. Timely diagnosis and treatment of ALL may lead to improved outcomes and reduced morbidity from associated complications, including tumor lysis syndrome, hyperviscosity, and stroke. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 274 pediatric pre-B cell ALL and acute lymphoblastic lymphoma patients within Montefiore Health System to determine whether there were factors associated with time from symptom onset to diagnosis...

Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome is a genetic disorder resulting from a biallelic mutation in one of the following genes: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2. Individuals with constitutional mismatch repair deficiency are highly predisposed to develop both hematological and solid cancers in childhood, particularly lymphoma, brain tumors, and gastrointestinal neoplasms. We report a case of a boy diagnosed with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia at the age of 3. In 2013, at the age of 6, head magnetic resonance imaging revealed hamartoma and astrocytoma lesions in the central nervous system...

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to study the spectrum of neurological complications in children with lymphoreticular malignancy (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma) at diagnosis and during treatment and to determine the etiology of these complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this descriptive cohort study, conducted between November 2018 and March 2020, 204 children with a diagnosis of lymphoreticular malignancy were enrolled...

PURPOSE: Over 400,000 children are diagnosed with cancer around the world each year, with over 80% of these children residing in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to summarize the epidemiology and care patterns of newly diagnosed childhood cancer patients in Northern Tanzania. METHODS: Data from all children and adolescents (age 0-19 years) with newly diagnosed cancers were collected from the Kilimanjaro Cancer Registry located at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre...

In 2020, 19,292,789 new malignancies were diagnosed worldwide (including non-melanoma skin cancer), causing 9,958,133 deaths. Europe, which accounts for 9% of the world's population, accounts for up to 22.8%, with 4.4 million new cases and 1.96 million deaths. Children and adolescents aged 0-19 account for only about 1% of the overall cancer incidence. Differences between adults and children with cancer include not only incidence but also mortality (approx. 45% at the age of ≥ 20 years compared to 15% at the age < 19 years), and individual types of cancer (breast, colon and lung tumors at the age > 20 years, and leukemia, central nervous system tumors and lymphomas at the age of...

PURPOSE: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represents around 70% of pediatric leukemia. In high-income countries, the 5-year survival is above 90%, but survival in low- and middle-income countries is inferior. This study documents the treatment outcome and prognostic factors of pediatric ALL in Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, all newly diagnosed patients with ALL/lymphoblastic lymphoma from age 1 to 16 years enrolled between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2021, were included...

Monitoring and optimization procedures improved high dose methotrexate (HDMTX) treatment outcomes. However, there are still some concerns regarding unexplained concentration variability. The objective of this study was to evaluate drug concentrations and associated variability factors in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) on HDMTX. Fifty patients (aged 1-18 years), receiving in total 184 HDMTX cycles of 3 or 5 g/m2 /24 h infusion, were included in the study...

Certain chemotherapy agents, radiation, and surgery can all negatively impact future fertility. Consults regarding treatment-related risk for infertility and gonadal late effects of these agents should occur at the time of diagnosis as well as during survivorship. Counseling on fertility risk has traditionally varied significantly across providers and institutions. We aim to provide a guide to standardize the assignment of gonadotoxic risk, which can be used in counseling patients both at the time of diagnosis and in survivorship...

The emergence of cell and gene therapies has dramatically changed the treatment paradigm in oncology and other therapeutic areas. Kymriah® (tisagenlecleucel), a CD19-directed genetically modified autologous T-cell immunotherapy, is currently approved in major markets for the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) pediatric and young adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia, r/r diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and r/r follicular lymphoma. This article presents a high-level overview of the clinical development journey of tisagenlecleucel, including its efficacy outcomes and safety considerations...

There are limited data pertaining to the prognostic features and optimal therapeutic approach for the 20%-25% of children with lymphoblastic lymphoma (LLy) who have the B-lymphoblastic subtype. Outcomes are favorable following treatment modeled after acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) regimens, but prognosis is dismal after relapse, and there are no established features for predicting therapy response. Ongoing US and international trials will include the largest cohort of uniformly treated patients with B-LLy to date, providing an opportunity to define clinical and molecular predictors of relapse and to establish a standard of care for treatment to improve outcomes for this rare pediatric cancer...