PUJ

The horseshoe kidney is the most frequent genitourinary fusion abnormality. The horseshoe kidney is a combination of the anatomical abnormalities of ectopia and malrotation. Along with other anomalies, it is linked to malrotations, fluctuating blood flow, high ureter insertion, a tendency to establish a ureteropelvic junction, and blockage in up to one-third of patients, and these are all symptoms of this condition. Kidney calculus and pelvic ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction are one of horseshoe kidneys' most prevalent side effects and are seen in approximately one-third of the patients...

INTRODUCTION: The etiopathogenesis of pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) has been debated. Recently, the role of interstitial cells of Cajal-like cells (ICC-LC)has been studied and reported to be the cause of this functional obstruction. We studied the histopathology and ICC-LC density at PUJ and compared it with that of PUJ of the control group and distal ureteric margin of the study group. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted which included PUJO patients in the study group and the renal tumor patients in the control group...

An ectopic kidney is a rare developmental anomaly in which the kidney can be pelvic, iliac, abdominal, and thoracic, and affected patients are more prone to conditions such as reflux, pelvic ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction, hydronephrosis, nephrolithiasis, and even renal failure than patients with normally structured kidneys. In this case, we present a 43-year-old male who is a known case of ectopic left pelvic kidney and presented with chronic lower abdominal pain. Upon imaging, it was revealed that he had a staghorn stone for which he underwent laparoscopy-assisted percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL)...

Introduction: In infants with suspected pelviureteric junction (PUJ) like obstruction, we compared the drainage patterns suggested by t 1/2 and normalized residual activity (NORA) to determine which parameter can differentiate obstructive from nonobstructive dilatation and thus predict the need for surgery. Materials and Methods: Infants presenting with prenatally detected PUJ-like obstruction from January 2014 to March 2020 were evaluated with ultrasonography. Diuretic renogram was performed using Tc99m ethylene dicysteine using the F0 protocol...

Chemoports are routinely used for administering chemotherapeutic agents, drugs, blood, and blood products. Chemoport insertion is associated with inherent complications. Fracture of chemoport due to pinch off syndrome is a rare life-threatening complication. We report our experience of fracture chemoport in patients with carcinoma breast and its management. We also present a detailed review of literature about this complication, clinical features, warning signs, diagnostic workup, management, and prevention...

Aims: Pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) due to aberrant lower polar artery is conventionally managed with pyeloplasty. We present our experience of managing PUJO due to "vascular" anomalies-aberrant lower polar artery and vascular adhesions with simpler surgical options. Subjects and Methods: This is a protocol based, retrospective study of PUJO. Preoperative investigations included ultrasonography (USG) and diuretic renogram. An intraoperative methylene blue test (MBT) assessed transit across the Pelviureteric junction (PUJ) after release of vascular compression...

The renal vasculature and its various congenital anomalies have been studied and documented widely in the literature. However, the concomitant occurrence of renovascular morphological anomalies with vascular compression phenomena in a single patient is a rarity. This is a case of a patient with double left renal arteries, preaortic, accessory and retroaortic left renal veins. There was also associated with vascular compression phenomena in the form of posterior nutcracker phenomenon and pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJ) due to the double-crossing inferior left polar renal artery and retroaortic vein...

Jackstones are a rare subtype of calculi, characterised by radiating spicules. We describe a case of multiple jackstones in the urinary upper tract. A 53-year-old man was referred for evaluation of left flank pain. Imaging revealed a left pelvic-ureteric junction obstruction and several left renal calculi. A left supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy was performed and two jackstone calculi were extracted. The presence of multiple jackstones in the renal pelvis should prompt for evaluation for obstruction and complete stone clearance should be achieved to avoid recurrence...

Introduction: Pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction was traditionally treated with open pyeloplasty. In recent decades, the development of minimally invasive techniques, including laparoscopic and later robotic surgery, has transformed treatment. The transperitoneal approach has most commonly been undertaken, with a few institutions reporting outcomes of the retroperitoneal approach. We report our 10-year experience of retroperitoneal robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (R-RALP). Methods: A prospective database of 160 patients undergoing RALP between February 2010 and November 2019 was analyzed...

We report on the diagnosis and management of a 25-year-old female with a congenital solitary kidney associated with simultaneous pelviureteric (PUJ) and vesicoureteric (VUJ) junction obstructions complicated by a lower pole renal stone. The patient was successfully managed completely endoluminally over two procedures with the use of double-J stents and a laser fibre to incise the VUJ and perform endopyelotomy at the PUJ followed by extraction of the stone. This case demonstrates the efficacy and minimal invasive endoscopic urological surgery even in the face of numerous pathologies, which traditionally required more invasive procedures...

BACKGROUND: Phyllodes tumour is a rare breast neoplasm having three histological types i. e benign, borderline and malignant. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment, but quantification of adequate margin required during excision is still a matter of debate. Role of adjuvant radiotherapy also remains controversial. AIMS: Study of prognostic factors in patients with phyllodes tumour of breast and their effect on survival. SETTING AND DESIGN: A retrospective analysis...

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Test-Trace-Isolate (TTI) programs have been recommended as a risk mitigation strategy. However, many governments have hesitated to implement them due to their costs. This study aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness of implementing a national TTI program to reduce the number of severe and fatal cases of COVID-19 in Colombia. METHODS: We developed a Markov simulation model of COVID-19 infection combined with a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered structure...

OBJECTIVES: Hydronephrosis (HN) is dilatation of the collecting system of the kidney due to obstruction of urine outflow. This study intended firstly, to investigate the efficacy of ultrasound (US) imaging to determine the cause of HN, and secondly, to list the causes of HN. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 233 patients with HN were scanned to determine the cause of the HN in the period from 1st January 2016 to 31st October 2017. Categorical results were written as frequencies and percentages...

Salvage surgery is the most acceptable therapeutic option for disease control of loco-regional recurrences in oral cancers. Prognostic factors need to be assessed to select patients for salvage surgery who would benefit the most. This was a single-centre retrospective observational study conducted between 2015 and 2018. A total of 168 patients with recurrent oral cavity carcinoma who underwent salvage surgery were included for analysis. The primary endpoints of the study were to evaluate overall survival (rOS) after salvage surgery and prognostic factors affecting survival...

A 53-year-old lady is known to have Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome with a long history of previous renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) in both kidneys. She was treated by partial nephrectomy for a right peripheral RCC and subsequently image guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of a left central RCC. She developed another de novo RCC adjacent to the right pelvic-ureteric junction (PUJ) 4 years after the initial RFA. Due to the close proximity to the PUJ and visibility of an ice ball with cryoablation (CRYO), the consensus from the MDT was that CRYO would be safer than RFA and she subsequently underwent percutaneous image guided CRYO to treat the small de novo RCC...

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INTRODUCTION: Anorectal malignant melanoma (ARMM) is an aggressive malignancy with dismal prognosis and a 5-year survival rate less than 20% in most of the previous studies. The ideal surgical treatment has still remained controversial. This retrospective study aims at analysing the outcome in patients with ARMM treated with curative surgical resection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 38 patients of stage I anorectal malignant melanoma treated with curative surgical resection at our tertiary cancer institute...

Objective : To assess the long-term outcomes after pyeloplasty for pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) associated with renal anomalies. Patients and methods : Data were collected for patients after pyeloplasty for PUJO associated with renal anomalies and analysed retrospectively. Long-term functional success was evaluated by comparing the renographic split renal function (SRF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at last follow-up with baseline values. A change of 5% in SRF was considered significant...

Air pollution has a serious and adverse effect on human health, and it has become a risk to human welfare and health throughout the globe. One of the major effects of air pollution on health is hospitalizations associated with air pollution. Recently, the estimation and prediction of air pollution-based hospitalization is carried out using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques, i.e., deep learning and long short-term memory (LSTM). However, there is ample room for improvement in the available applied methodologies to estimate and predict air pollution-based hospital admissions...

The clinical dilemma of management of isolated contralateral axillary metastasis (CAM) in carcinoma breast remains unsolved. We report a case of metachronous contralateral left axillary metastasis in a 54-year-old postmenopausal woman, its management, and review of literature. After ruling out distant metastasis and occult primary in the opposite breast, curative treatment was planned. She underwent left axillary lymph node dissection which on histopathology showed metastatic carcinoma. Management of CAM with curative or palliative intent and whether to consider them as locoregional or distant metastasis remains controversial...