Deep Oscilation Therapy

As a crucial component of the cerebral cholinergic system and the Papez circuit in the basal forebrain, dysfunction of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) is associated with various neurodegenerative disorders. However, no drugs, including existing cholinesterase inhibitors, have been shown to reverse this dysfunction. Due to advancements in neuromodulation technology, researchers are exploring the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy targeting the NBM (NBM-DBS) to treat mental and neurological disorders as well as the related mechanisms...

Subthalamic beta band activity (13-35 Hz) is known as a real-time correlate of motor symptom severity in Parkinson's disease (PD) and is currently explored as a feedback signal for closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS). Here, we investigate the interaction of movement, dopaminergic medication, and deep brain stimulation on subthalamic beta activity in PD patients implanted with sensing-enabled, implantable pulse generators. We recorded subthalamic activity from seven PD patients at rest and during repetitive movements in four conditions: after withdrawal of dopaminergic medication and DBS, with medication only, with DBS only, and with simultaneous medication and DBS...

To report the results of 'responsive' deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Tourette syndrome (TS) in a National Institutes of Health funded experimental cohort. The use of 'brain derived physiology' as a method to trigger DBS devices to deliver trains of electrical stimulation is a proposed approach to address the paroxysmal motor and vocal tic symptoms which appear as part of TS. Ten subjects underwent bilateral staged DBS surgery and each was implanted with bilateral centromedian thalamic (CM) region DBS leads and bilateral M1 region cortical strips...

INTRODUCTION: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or globus pallidus (GP) is an established therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). Novel DBS devices can record local field potential (LFP) physiomarkers from the STN or GP. While beta (13-30 Hz) and gamma (40-90 Hz) STN and GP LFP oscillations correlate with PD motor severity and with therapeutic effects of treatments, STN-GP interactions in electrophysiology in patients with PD are not well characterized...

Beta hypersynchrony was recently introduced into clinical practice in Parkinson's disease (PD) to identify the best stimulation contacts and for adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) sensing. However, many other oscillopathies accompany the disease, and beta power sensing may not be optimal for all patients. The aim of this work was to study the potential clinical usefulness of beta power phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) with high frequency oscillations (HFOs). Subthalamic nucleus (STN) local field potentials (LFPs) from externalized DBS electrodes were recorded and analyzed in PD patients (n = 19)...

Low back pain (LBP) is a common issue that negatively affects a person's quality of life and imposes substantial healthcare expenses. In this study, we introduce the (Back-pain Movement) BackMov test, using inertial motion capture (MoCap) to assess lumbar movement changes in LBP patients. The test includes flexion-extension, rotation, and lateralization movements focused on the lumbar spine. To validate its reproducibility, we conducted a test-retest involving 37 healthy volunteers, yielding results to build a minimal detectable change (MDC) graph map that would allow us to see if changes in certain variables of LBP patients are significant in relation to their recovery...

The methacholine challenge test (MCT) is a standard evaluation method of assessing airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and its severity, and has significant clinical value in the diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma. A consensus working group consisting of experts from the Pulmonary Function and Clinical Respiratory Physiology Committee of the Chinese Association of Chest Physicians, the Task Force for Pulmonary Function of the Chinese Thoracic Society, and the Pulmonary Function Group of Respiratory Branch of the Chinese Geriatric Society jointly developed this consensus...

Neurofeedback (NF) techniques support individuals to self-regulate specific features of brain activity, which has been shown to impact behavior and potentially ameliorate clinical symptoms. Electrophysiological NF (epNF) may be particularly impactful for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), as evidence mounts to suggest a central role of pathological neural oscillations underlying symptoms in PD. Exaggerated beta oscillations (12-30 Hz) in the basal ganglia-cortical network are linked to motor symptoms (e...

In Parkinson's disease, imbalances between "antikinetic" and "prokinetic" patterns of neuronal oscillatory activity are related to motor dysfunction. Invasive brain recordings from the motor network have suggested that medical or surgical therapy can promote a prokinetic state by inducing narrowband gamma rhythms (65-90 Hz). Excessive narrowband gamma in the motor cortex promotes dyskinesia in rodent models, but the relationship between narrowband gamma and dyskinesia in humans has not been well established...

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an implantable medical device used for electrical stimulation to treat neurological disorders. Traditional DBS devices provide fixed frequency pulses, but personalized adjustment of stimulation parameters is crucial for optimal treatment. This paper introduces a Basal Ganglia inspired Reinforcement Learning (BGRL) approach, incorporating a closed-loop feedback mechanism to suppress neural synchrony during neurological fluctuations. The BGRL approach leverages the resemblance between the Basal Ganglia region of brain by incorporating the actor-critic architecture of reinforcement learning (RL)...

The slow oscillation (SO) observed during deep sleep is known to facilitate memory consolidation. However, the impact of age-related changes in sleep electroencephalography (EEG) oscillations and memory remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the contribution of age-related changes in sleep SO and its role in memory decline by combining EEG recordings and computational modeling. Based on the detected SO events, we found that older adults exhibit lower SO density, lower SO frequency, and longer Up and Down state durations during N3 sleep compared to young and middle-aged groups...

Identifying functional biomarkers related to treatment success can aid in expediting therapy optimization, as well as contribute to a better understanding of the neural mechanisms of the treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation (SCC-DBS). Magnetoencephalography data were obtained from 16 individuals with SCC-DBS for TRD and 25 healthy subjects. The first objective of the study was to identify region-specific oscillatory modulations that both (i) discriminate individuals with TRD (with SCC-DBS OFF) from healthy controls, and (ii) discriminate TRD treatment responders from non-responders (with SCC-DBS ON)...

OBJECTIVES: Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) devices have become an additional therapeutic approach for treating voice disorders. Similar to water resistance therapy (WRT), phonation in a PEP device introduces a secondary source of vibration within the vocal tract. This investigation aimed to compare the effects of phonation using a PEP device and silicone tube phonation (STP) commonly used in WRT on the vocal mechanism during phonation. METHODS: Three normophonic subjects participated in the study...

Deep brain stimulation is a widely used therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) but currently lacks dynamic responsiveness to changing clinical and neural states. Feedback control has the potential to improve therapeutic effectiveness, but optimal control strategy and additional benefits of "adaptive" neurostimulation are unclear. We implemented adaptive subthalamic nucleus stimulation, controlled by subthalamic or cortical signals, in three PD patients (five hemispheres) during normal daily life. We identified neurophysiological biomarkers of residual motor fluctuations using data-driven analyses of field potentials over a wide frequency range and varying stimulation amplitudes...

Depression is a series of symptoms that influence mood, thinking, and behavior and create unpleasant emotions like hopelessness and apathy. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) affects 30 % of depression patients despite the availability of several non-invasive therapies. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a novel therapy for TRD. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of LHb-DBS by recording local field potentials (LFP) and conducting behavioral experiments. Thirty-two mature male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, chronic mild stress (CMS), CMS+DBS, and DBS...

INTRODUCTION: Chronic refractory pain of various origin occurs in 30-45% of pain patients, and a considerable proportion remains resistant to pharmacological and behavioral therapies, requiring adjunctive neurostimulation therapies. Chronic pain is known to stimulate sympathetic outflow, yet the impact of burst motor cortex stimulation (burstMCS) on objectifiable autonomic cardiovascular parameters in chronic pain remains largely unknown. METHODS: In three patients with chronic pain (2 facial pain/1 post-stroke pain), we compared pain intensity using a visual analog scale (VAS 1-10) and parameters of autonomic cardiovascular modulation at supine rest, during parasympathetic challenge with six cycles per minute of metronomic deep breathing, and during sympathetic challenge (active standing) at baseline and after 4 months of burstMCS compared to age-/gender-matched healthy controls...

BACKGROUND: Speech impairment is commonly reported in Parkinson's disease and is not consistently improved by available therapies - including deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS), which can worsen communication performance in some patients. Improving the outcome of STN-DBS on speech is difficult due to our incomplete understanding of the contribution of the STN to fluent speaking. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between subthalamic neural activity and speech production and intelligibility...

Deep brain stimulation is a neuromodulatory treatment for managing the symptoms of Parkinson's disease and other neurological and psychiatric disorders. Electrodes are chronically implanted in disease-relevant brain regions and pulsatile electrical stimulation delivery is intended to restore neurocircuit function. However, the widespread interest in the application and expansion of this clinical therapy has preceded an overarching understanding of the neurocircuit alterations invoked by deep brain stimulation...

Due to its unique connectivity profile with cortical brain regions, and its suggested role in the subcortical propagation of seizures, the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus (ANT) has been proposed as a key Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) target in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). However, the spatio-temporal interaction dynamics of this brain structure, and the functional mechanisms underlying ANT DBS in epilepsy, remain unknown. Here, we study how the ANT interacts with the neocortex in vivo in humans and provide a detailed neurofunctional characterization of mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of ANT DBS, aiming at defining intraoperative neural biomarkers of responsiveness to therapy, assessed at 6 months post-implantation as the reduction in seizure frequency...

The therapeutic mechanisms of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) may depend on antidromic activation of cortex via the hyperdirect pathway. However, hyperdirect pathway neurons cannot reliably follow high stimulation frequencies, and the spike failure rate appears to correlate with symptom relief as a function of stimulation frequency. We hypothesized that antidromic spike failure contributes to the cortical desynchronization caused by DBS. We measured in vivo evoked cortical activity in female Sprague Dawley rats and developed a computational model of cortical activation from STN DBS...