keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18589889/hormone-inactive-pituitary-macroadenoma-an-uncommon-cause-for-the-syndrome-of-inappropriate-antidiuresis
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
I Groeschl, S Kos, J Rutishauser
A 76-year-old patient was admitted with dizzy spells and fainting. Laboratory analysis indicated the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis, which was further characterized as type C ("reset osmostat"). Extended workup revealed a hormone - inactive pituitary macroadenoma. After complete transsphenoidal resection, serum sodium levels and plasma and urinary osmolality promptly normalized. Except for the gonadal axis, the anterior pituitary functions remained intact. There was no adenoma recurrence over a five-year follow-up, and repetitive testing on ad libitum fluid intake showed normal sodium concentrations...
May 2008: Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18434618/clinical-laboratory-evaluation-of-the-syndrome-of-inappropriate-secretion-of-antidiuretic-hormone
#22
REVIEW
Guy Decaux, Wim Musch
Hyponatremia secondary to the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a frequent cause of hypotonicity. Although the differential diagnosis with other causes of hypotonicity such as salt depletion is sometimes challenging, some simple and readily available biologic parameters can be helpful in the diagnosis of SIADH. In SIADH, urea is typically low; this is less specific for elderly patients, for whom lower clearance of urea accounts for higher values. Low levels of uric acid are more often seen in SIADH (70%) compared with salt-depleted patients (40%)...
July 2008: Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: CJASN
https://read.qxmd.com/read/17623970/a-case-of-persistent-hyponatraemia-due-to-reset-osmostat
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A G Rohana, A W Norasyikin, Z Suehazlyn, Wong Ming, S Norlela, M K Norazmi
We report a case of a 65 year old Malay lady with long-standing diabetes mellitus, who presented to our institution with a one month history of worsening neck pain and progressive upper and lower limb weakness. She was stable despite severe hyponatraemia which was initially treated as syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH). This was consistent with her underlying illness which was concluded as cervical tuberculosis (TB) with spinal cord compression. She underwent decompression and bone grafting...
December 2006: Medical Journal of Malaysia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/16843083/regulation-of-arginine-vasopressin-in-the-syndrome-of-inappropriate-antidiuresis
#24
REVIEW
Gary L Robertson
The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) is a disorder of sodium and water balance characterized by hypotonic hyponatremia and impaired water excretion in the absence of renal insufficiency, adrenal insufficiency, or any recognized stimulus for the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP). Hyponatremia is primarily a result of excessive water retention caused by a combination of excessive intake and inappropriate antidiuresis. It is sometimes aggravated by a sodium deficiency caused by decreased intake and/or a secondary natriuresis triggered by and largely corrective of the increase in extracellular volume...
July 2006: American Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/16599016/hyponatremia-among-the-institutionalized-elderly-in-2-long-term-care-facilities-in-taipei
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Liang-Kung Chen, Ming-Hsien Lin, Shinn Jang Hwang, Tzen-Wen Chen
BACKGROUND: Hyponatremia is common in the institutionalized elderly, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion was deemed the most important etiologic factor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and etiologic factors of hyponatremia among institutionalized elderly and to explore its association with nutritional status. METHODS: Subjects in 2 private long-term care facilities (LTCFs) participated in this study. Periodic nutritional evaluations, including anthropometric measurements and serial laboratory examinations, were performed every 6 months...
March 2006: Journal of the Chinese Medical Association: JCMA
https://read.qxmd.com/read/15168958/management-of-hyponatremia
#26
REVIEW
Kian Peng Goh
Hyponatremia is an important electrolyte abnormality with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality. Common causes include medications and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion. Hyponatremia can be classified according to the volume status of the patient as hypovolemic, hypervolemic, or euvolemic. Hypervolemic hyponatremia may be caused by congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and renal disease. Differentiating between euvolemia and hypovolemia can be clinically difficult, but a useful investigative aid is measurement of plasma osmolality...
May 15, 2004: American Family Physician
https://read.qxmd.com/read/14764318/posture-related-tachycardia-in-older-patients-with-hyponatremia
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D Jones, S K Biswas, D A Power, S Cannon, H R Brady, H Grimes, E C Mulkerrin
Hyponatremia (HN) is the commonest electrolyte abnormality in elderly patients. Its etiology in this setting is poorly understood. In this study, the authors aim to compare the hemodynamic and hormonal responses of a group of older patients with a predisposition to HN with a group of age-matched controls. We assessed hemodynamic and hormonal responses to postural challenge in 15 patients over age 65 with serum sodium concentrations of less than 130 mM (mean 128.7 mM) and 15 age-matched controls with normal sodium concentrations...
March 2002: Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/12824060/the-syndrome-of-inappropriate-antidiuretic-hormone-secretion
#28
REVIEW
Peter H Baylis
The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is the commonest form of normovolaemic or dilutional hyponatraemia. The diagnosis of SIADH should be considered if the five cardinal criteria are fulfilled (hypotonic hyponatraemia, natriuresis, urine osmolality in excess of plasma osmolality, absence of oedema and volume depletion, normal renal and adrenal function). The clinical features are principally neuro-muscular and gastro-intestinal, the severity of which is related to both the absolute serum sodium concentration and its rate of fall, particularly if greater than 0...
November 2003: International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/11901941/-clinical-thinking-and-decision-making-in-daily-practice-an-elderly-man-with-hyponatremia
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J H M van Steijn, R O B Gans
An 88-year-old man presented with nausea and vomiting. Recently a cutaneous B-cell lymphoma had been diagnosed on his right cheek. Laboratory investigation showed hyponatraemia. Fluid restriction was started, based on the diagnosis of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). However the hyponatraemia persisted and a diagnosis of 'reset osmostat' was made. CT of the abdomen revealed slight bilateral adrenal enlargement, which was interpreted as adrenal incidentaloma. No other localisation of the lymphoma, besides that on the right cheek, was seen...
March 2, 2002: Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
https://read.qxmd.com/read/11458975/reset-osmostat-in-a-47-year-old-woman-with-cerebral-palsy
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J Leggott, D Almond
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
July 2001: Journal of the American Board of Family Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/11093969/mechanisms-of-hyponatraemia-in-alcohol-patients
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
G L Liamis, H J Milionis, E C Rizos, K C Siamopoulos, M S Elisaf
Hyponatraemia is commonly reported in chronic alcoholic patients. However, the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are not well delineated. In the current study, we analysed the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of hyponatraemia in a group of alcoholic patients (n = 127) admitted to our hospital for causes related to alcohol misuse. Hyponatraemia (serum sodium <134 mmol/l) was found in 22 patients (17.3%). The most common cause of hyponatraemia in our cohort was hypovolaemia (12 patients); pseudohyponatraemia was diagnosed in six patients with alcohol-induced severe hypertriglyceridaemia...
2000: Alcohol and Alcoholism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/9188023/venlafaxine-induced-reset-osmostat-syndrome-case-of-a-79-year-old-depressed-woman
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
P Ranieri, S Franzoni, R Rozzini, M Trabucchi
The presence of hyponatremia, especially in a frail and very old patient, is associated with a greater morbidity and mortality rate. We report the case of a depressed 79-year-old woman who was treated with venlafaxine, in whom a drug-induced hyponatremia occurred in the absence of other possible causes. The case is discussed in the context of the multipotential factors that induce hyponatremia, with particular attention to the geriatric patient.
April 1997: Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/8739291/chronic-hyponatremia-due-to-reset-osmostat-in-a-patient-with-colon-cancer
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M S Elisaf, A Konstantinides, K C Siamopoulos
A 62-year-old man with colon cancer who presented with hyponatremia is described. Volume depletion, renal failure, and cardiac, adrenal, hepatic, and thyroid diseases were excluded as causes of hyponatremia. The urine sodium concentration was repeatedly increased, suggesting the presence of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. An intact urinary diluting ability and the ability to maintain sodium balance without correcting hyponatremia when the sodium intake was high were consistent with the diagnosis of the reset osmostat variant of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis...
1996: American Journal of Nephrology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/7458496/hyponatremia-in-psychogenic-polydipsia
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M K Hariprasad, R P Eisinger, I M Nadler, C S Padmanabhan, B D Nidus
Twenty psychotic patients with psychogenic polydipsia had hyponatremia (98 to 124 mEq/L) lasting up to 28 months, with headache, hypertension, dementia, seizures, lethargy, and coma. Two deaths also may be attributed to this syndrome. Patients drank 7 to 43 L of water daily. Urine was dilute during this water load (37 to 95 mOsm/kg), and free water clearance ranged from 12 to 36 L/day, while plasma osmolality was 236 to 244 mOsm/kg. During fluid deprivation in seven such patients, urinary osmolality exceeded plasma osmolality when plasma concentration had risen to between 242 and 272 mOsm/kg, thus suggesting a "reset osmostat" or antidiuretic hormone response to nonosmotic stimuli...
December 1980: Archives of Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/7036730/neurogenic-disorders-of-osmoregulation
#35
REVIEW
G L Robertson, P Aycinena, R L Zerbe
The osmolality of body fluids is normally maintained within a narrow range. This constancy is achieved largely via hypothalamic osmo-receptors that regulate thirst and arginine vasopressin, the antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Anything that interferes with the full expression of either osmoregulatory function exposes the patient to the hazards of abnormal increases or decreases in plasma osmolality. Hyposmolality is almost always due to a defect in water excretion. Increased intake may contribute to the problem but is rarely, if ever, a sufficient cause...
February 1982: American Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/3455068/dipsogenic-diabetes-insipidus-a-newly-recognized-syndrome-caused-by-a-selective-defect-in-the-osmoregulation-of-thirst
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
G L Robertson
We describe three patients who have polydipsia and polyuria due to an abnormality in the osmoregulation of thirst. The clinical manifestations of the syndrome are similar to those of neurogenic diabetes insipidus. Thus, under basal conditions the patients have thirst, normal to high normal levels of plasma osmolality, and low levels of plasma vasopressin. Moreover, antidiuretic therapy greatly reduces thirst and polydipsia as well as polyuria. The only clinically distinguishing feature of the response is that thirst and water intake decrease less rapidly than water excretion...
1987: Transactions of the Association of American Physicians
https://read.qxmd.com/read/2327423/altered-water-metabolism-in-tuberculosis-role-of-vasopressin
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A R Hill, J Uribarri, J Mann, T Berl
PURPOSE: Patients with hyponatremia due to tuberculosis have shown variable responses to water loading in previous small studies, ranging from persistent antidiuresis to a normal diuresis. Although tuberculosis is considered a cause of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), circulating vasopressin has been documented in only a few cases. We studied a larger group of patients to determine whether it can be suppressed by a short-term reduction in osmolality...
April 1990: American Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/1497021/chronic-hyponatremia-due-to-resetting-of-the-osmostat-in-a-patient-with-gastric-carcinoma
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
B M Wall, J T Crofton, L Share, C R Cooke
A 54-year-old schizophrenic patient who presented with hyponatremia and nephrotic-range proteinuria was subsequently discovered to have a gastric adenocarcinoma. Psychogenic water drinking, sodium depletion, and cardiac, adrenal, hepatic, and thyroid disease were excluded as causes of hyponatremia. The serum creatinine concentration was normal, and, although renal biopsy showed changes consistent with immune complex glomerulopathy, proteinuria remitted without treatment. Moderately severe hyponatremia persisted, and the diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma was made after the onset of early satiety 1 year later...
August 1992: American Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/1275354/normal-diluting-capacity-in-hyponatremic-patients-reset-osmostat-or-a-variant-of-the-syndrome-of-inappropriate-antidiuretic-hormone-secretion
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R A DeFronzo, M Goldberg, Z S Agus
Four patients with chronic illnesses and stable hyponatremia and plasma hypotonicity had normal urinary diluting capacity, with excretion of greater than 80% of a standard water load (20 ml/kg) within 4 hours and maintenance of a urine osmolality less than 100 mosmol/kg, during sustained water diuresis. Administration of a chronic salt load did not correct the hyponatremia. However, it was stabilized after treatment of the underlying medical condition. These subjects may represent a true resetting of the osmostat or a variant of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion...
May 1976: Annals of Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/914974/inappropriate-secretion-of-antiduretic-hormone-hypertension-and-hypoplastic-corpus-callosum
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
F Fyhrquist, C Holmberg, J Perheentupa, M Wallenius
The threshold of serum osmolality causing release of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) was shifted to an abnormally low level (262 mosmol/kg H2O) in a 14-year-old girl with hypertension and signs of hypoplastic corpus callosum. There was a physiologically meaningful control of vasopressin release in response to water restriction and water load. Plasma vasopressin concentrations (range 1.2--11.9 pg/ml) were of the same magnitude as those of healthy adults, being abnormally high only when related to the hypotonicity of serum observed...
October 1977: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
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