anatomy knee

Kinematic tracking of native anatomy from stereo-radiography provides a quantitative basis for evaluating human movement. Conventional tracking procedures require significant manual effort and call for acquisition and annotation of subject-specific volumetric medical images. The current work introduces a framework for fully automatic tracking of native knee anatomy from dynamic stereo-radiography which forgoes reliance on volumetric scans. The method consists of three computational steps. First, captured radiographs are annotated with segmentation maps and anatomic landmarks using a convolutional neural network...

Cartilage restoration procedures have gained increased traction over the years as a treatment for chondral defects in relatively younger patients. A critical assessment of study populations for confounders is vital in order to interpret results in a valid manner. This is particularly true when assessing outcomes of cartilage restoration procedures in the patellofemoral compartment given substantial heterogeneity amongst patients within study populations. Patients often undergo additional procedures (prior or concomitant), have variable anatomy (malalignment, maltracking, and trochlear dysplasia), and variable chondral defect sizes, depths, and locations (lateral patellar facet, medial patellar facet, median patellar ridge, trochlea)...

The infiltration of the interspace between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the posterior knee (IPACK) block, is a novel ultrasound-guided technique used for postoperative pain management of the knee. The success of the block is attributed to the spread of injectate between the capsule of the knee and the popliteal artery. This novel technique is believed to target the articular branches of the tibial, common fibular (peroneal) and obturator nerves. However, the extent of the spread in a paediatric population is unknown...

BACKGROUND: Dissatisfaction after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) ranges from 15 to 30%. While patient selection may be partially responsible, morphological and reconstructive challenges may be determinants. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans for TKA planning allow us to evaluate the hip-knee-ankle axis and establish a baseline phenotypic distribution across anatomic parameters. The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to establish the distributions of 27 parameters in a pre-TKA cohort and perform threshold analysis to identify anatomic outliers...

INTRODUCTION: Classical neutral mechanical alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been a standard paradigm, while more recently, other alignment schemas, such as kinematic, individualized, and functional, have been explored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT)-based surgical robotics inputs on a classically trained surgeon's TKA component positions and alignment targets over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 1,394 consecutive robotically-assisted TKAs by a single surgeon from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed...

Many studies and systematic reviews have been published about MRI of the knee and its structures, discussing detailed anatomy, imaging findings, and correlations between imaging and clinical findings. This paper includes evidence-based recommendations for a general radiologist regarding choice of imaging sequences and reporting basic MRI examinations of the knee. We recommend using clinicians' terminology when it is applicable to the imaging findings, for example, when reporting meniscal, ligament and tendon, or cartilage pathology...

Several studies have found a relationship between the rotational anatomy of the distal femur and the overall coronal lower limb alignment in knees with osteoarthritis (OA). Less is known about the rotation of the proximal tibia, especially in the context of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), where one of the goals of the surgery is to achieve the appropriate component-to-component rotation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the coronal alignment of the lower extremity and the relative proximal tibial rotation...

BACKGROUND: Little is known on how meniscal morphology develops during skeletal growth and maturation and its subsequent relationship with the corresponding bony anatomy. HYPOTHESES: (1) Meniscal dimensions and morphology would change by age during skeletal growth and maturation in different ways in boys compared with girls. (2) Morphological features of the medial and lateral menisci would correlate to medial and lateral femoral condyle curvatures. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3...

Self-supervised learning has emerged as a powerful tool for pretraining deep networks on unlabeled data, prior to transfer learning of target tasks with limited annotation. The relevance between the pretraining pretext and target tasks is crucial to the success of transfer learning. Various pretext tasks have been proposed to utilize properties of medical image data (e.g., three dimensionality), which are more relevant to medical image analysis than generic ones for natural images. However, previous work rarely paid attention to data with anatomy-oriented imaging planes, e...

Objective : Evaluate osteoarthritis incidence in patients that undergone ACL reconstruction using the transtibial technique, with a minimum of 5 years of follow up, with isolated ACL injury. Methods : Patients who underwent ACL reconstruction by the same surgeon using the transtibial technique with hamstrings graft and with a minimum of 5 years of follow-up, without other injuries during the surgical procedure, were selected to undergo imaging exams of the operated knee to assess the incidence of osteoarthritis...

PURPOSE: Traumatic popliteal pseudoaneurysms may occur in accidents or as an iatrogenic complication of a total knee arthroplasty. Complications often arise in open repair because of distorted anatomy. Up to 22% of the patients may suffer above-knee amputation. Endovascular treatment has proven to be an effective solution. However, the long-term performance of stents at the hinge point of the popliteal artery is questionable. We present a hybrid technique that was used successfully in 2 cases...

INTRODUCTION: A significant proportion of patients remain dissatisfied following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery. Reasons for this are unclear. Contemporary implants seek to mirror innate anatomy. Such innovations are necessarily subject to scrutiny to validate their use. The Zimmer-Biomet Persona® Personalized Knee system is such an anatomic TKA. This work seeks to establish medium term survival data and patient reported outcomes for this implant. METHODS: This was a cohort study of prospectively collected data on all patients undergoing Persona TKA at our institution...

The popliteal artery (PA) is a lower extremity arterial vessel, a continuation of the superficial femoral artery. PA may be injured in the majority of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), as well as arthroscopic surgeries which may lead to acute ischemic injury. Our objective was analyzing morphometry of PA in relation to other structures both in flexion and extension of the knee, highlighting discrepancies in the PA's location in varying positions. Literature was reviewed in regards to morphological qualities, prevalence rates, and variants of PA were pooled...

PURPOSE: The study is aimed at evaluating the long-term (at a minimum follow-up of 10 years) impact of non-vascularized fibular harvest on the donor limbs. METHODS: There were 27 donor limbs (n = 19 children) available for retrospective radiological review. The graft was obtained bilaterally in eight patients. The following parameters were evaluated in the follow-up radiographs: continuity/non-continuity of fibular regenerate, width of the regenerated fibula, distal fibular station, medial proximal tibial angle, posterior proximal tibial angle, lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA), anterior distal tibial angle, and tibia diaphyseal angulation (interphyseal angles)...

A woman in her 40s with an ischaemic right lower limb, who was on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) following cardiopulmonary failure secondary to bilateral alveolar haemorrhage, was scheduled for through-knee amputation. She was under mechanical ventilation and continuous intravenous medications. Considering her significant comorbidities, peripheral nerve blocks were chosen for anaesthesia. Ultrasound-guided traditional nerve blockade techniques of the femoral and sciatic nerves were not possible because of the presence of an ECMO cannula, altered anatomy following previous surgery on the same side and inability to turn the patient to a lateral position...

BACKGROUND: The different bony and soft tissue reference points and the micro and macroscopic structures of the knee continue to be the object of focused study and analysis. Upon reviewing the most recent literature, we saw the wide spectrum of studies that seek to define the different anatomical aspects of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to review the most recent publications on the ACL and its morphology in which its microscopic composition and macroscopic anatomy are addressed...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Incidence of paediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture has increased substantially over recent decades. Following ACL rupture, ACL reconstruction (ACLR) surgery is typically performed to restore passive knee stability. This surgery involves replacing the failed ACL with a graft, however, surgeons must select from range of surgical parameters (e.g., type, size, insertion, and pre-tension) with no robust evidence guiding these decisions. This study presents a systemmatic computational approach to study effects of surgical parameter variation on kinematics of paediatric knees...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the in vivo medial and lateral joint laxities across various total knee arthroplasty (TKA) alignment categories correlated to (1) hip-knee-ankle angle, (2) proximal tibial angle and (3) distal femoral angle in a consecutive group of patients undergoing robotic-assisted TKA. METHODS: Using ligament tensions acquired during 805 robotic-assisted TKA with a dynamic ligament tensor under a load of 70-90 N, the relationship between medial and lateral collateral ligament laxity and overall limb alignment was established...

Goal: We introduce an in-vivo validated finite element (FE) simulation approach for predicting individual knee joint kinematics. Our vision is to improve clinicians' understanding of the complex individual anatomy and potential pathologies to improve treatment and restore physiological joint kinematics. Methods: Our 3D FE modeling approach for individual human knee joints is based on segmentation of anatomical structures extracted from routine static magnetic resonance (MR) images. We validate the predictive abilities of our model using static MR images of the knees of eleven healthy volunteers in dedicated knee poses, which are achieved using a customized MR-compatible pneumatic loading device...

BACKGROUND: In terms of the optics used for Knee arthroscopy, a large number of different endoscopes are currently available. However, the use of the 30° optics in knee arthroscopy has been established as the standard procedure for many years. As early as the 1990s, needle arthroscopy was occasionally used as a diagnostic tool. In addition to the development of conventional optics technology in terms of camera and resolution, needle arthroscopes are now available with chip-on-tip image sensor technology...