Chemoradiotherapy

BACKGROUND: Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is part of standard care in limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) at present. As evidence from retrospective studies increases, the benefits of PCI for limited-stage SCLC are being challenged. METHODS: A multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled study was designed. The key inclusion criteria were: histologically or cytologically confirmed small cell carcinoma, age ≥ 18 years, KPS ≥ 80, limited-stage is defined as tumor confined to one side of the chest including ipsilateral hilar, bilateral mediastinum and supraclavicular lymph nodes, patients have received definitive thoracic radiotherapy (regardless of the dose-fractionation of radiotherapy used) and chemotherapy, evaluated as complete remission (CR) of tumor 4-6 weeks after the completion of chemo-radiotherapy...

The role of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HPV 16 in patients with ESCC and its impact on theirprognosis. HPV 16 was detected using FISH, and TP53 status was evaluated via immunohistochemistry. The factors influencing prognosis were ananalyzed using the Log-rank test and Cox regression analyses. Among 178 patients with ESCC, 105 and 73 patients were categorized into concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and postoperative chemoradiotherapy (POCRT) cohorts, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Anal squamous cell cancer (ASCC) in early stages (T1-2N0M0) is treated with chemoradiotherapy with a 3-year overall survival (OS) exceeding 90%. In Swedish guidelines, it has been optional to include the external iliac and presacral lymph node (LN) stations in radiotherapy (RT) treatment fields in early ASCC. Two Swedish hospitals treating ASCC (SU: Sahlgrenska University Hospital; UU: Uppsala University Hospital) have chosen different approaches since 2010. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included consecutive patients with early ASCC (T1-2N0M0) treated between 2010 and 2017 at both sites (SU n = 70; UU n = 46)...

PURPOSE: To compare the oncologic outcomes of prophylactic extended-field radiation therapy (EFRT) and whole pelvic radiation therapy (WPRT) in cervical patients at high risk of para-aortic lymph node (PALN) recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From July 1999 to May 2022, a total of 115 patients with cervical cancer and high-risk features of PALN recurrence based on tumor markers, positive LNs and extensive parametrial invasion were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had received EFRT or WPRT at a dose of 39...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate 5-year outcomes and the late toxicity profile of chrono-chemotherapy with different infusion rates in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Our retrospective analysis included 70 patients with locally advanced NPC stages III and IVB (according to the 2010 American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system). Patients were treated with two cycles of induction chemotherapy (IC) before concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) at Guizhou Cancer Hospital...

Concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) treated patients experience various complications. We present a rare case of post-CCRT Bell's palsy and describe its various possible causes, so as to increase awareness among clinicians about Bell's palsy being a CCRT-associated adverse effect. The patient was a 48-year-old man diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma who presented with post-CCRT Bell's palsy. After radiotherapy for 6 weeks (overall 67.5 Gy) and four rounds of cisplatin chemotherapy, he complained of paralysis of the entire left face...

BACKGROUND: Anal adenocarcinoma is rare with no standardized treatment regimen or staging system. Therefore, different combinations of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery are used in management. Within the staging system, tumor stage can be based on the depth of invasion, as for rectal adenocarcinoma, or size, as in anal squamous cell carcinoma. This study aimed to analyze patterns of care and clinically available staging systems for anal adenocarcinoma using a national database. METHODS: Adults diagnosed with anal adenocarcinoma were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004-2019)...

PURPOSE: There is limited clinical data for recommendations on how to deliver thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) concurrently with chemotherapy in limited stage (LS) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). We reviewed radiotherapy treatment plans in a randomized phase II trial comparing high-dose with standard-dose twice-daily TRT to assess treatment planning techniques, dose-volume data for target volumes and organs at risk (OARs), evaluate compliance with the protocol, associations with radiation-induced toxicity and whether an imbalance in treatment planning parameters might be a reason for the large survival benefit of the higher dose (median overall survival 43...

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Patients diagnosed with LARC and treated with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors were recruited. METHODS: Four different treatment strategies were employed in this study: plan A [long-course radiotherapy + PD-1 inhibitor/capecitabine + PD-1 inhibitor/XELOX+ total mesorectal excision (TME)], plan B (long-course radiotherapy + capecitabine + PD-1 inhibitor/XELOX + TME), plan C (short-course radiotherapy + PD-1 inhibitor/XELOX + TME), and plan D (PD-1 inhibitor/XELOX + short-course radiotherapy + TME)...

BACKGROUND: Around 20% of rectal tumors are locally advanced with invasion into adjacent structures at presentation. These may require surgical resections beyond boundaries of total mesorectal excision (bTME) for radicality. Robotic bTME is under investigation. This study reports perioperative and oncological outcomes of robotic bTME for locally advanced rectal cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicentre, retrospective analysis of prospectively collected robotic bTME resections (July 2015-November 2020)...

AIM: We design a feasibility study to obtain a set of metabolic-hemodynamic habitats for tackling tumor spatial metabolic patterns with hemodynamic information. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative data from 69 high-grade gliomas (HGG) patients with subsequent histologic confirmation of HGG were prospectively collected (January 2016 to March 2020) after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Four vascular habitats were automatically segmented by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...

PURPOSE: Predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is challenging, which delays therapeutic intervention and makes its prevention difficult. We conducted this study to assess the potential application of preoperative computed tomography (CT) radiomics for predicting NAFLD. METHODS: The subjects of this retrospective study were 186 patients with PD from a single institution. We extracted the predictors of NAFLD after PD statistically from conventional clinical and radiomic features of the estimated remnant pancreas and whole liver region on preoperative nonenhanced CT images...

OBJECTIVE: Lacrimal sac squamous cell carcinoma (LSSCC) is a rare and poor prognosis malignancy. We aimed to investigate the predictive factors for prognosis and to discuss the optimal treatment mode. METHODS: This retrospective study comprised 84 patients with LSSCC who accepted multidisciplinary treatment. We analyzed the potential prognostic factors and the efficiency of different treatment modes in univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), regional failure-free survival (RFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates for the entire cohort were 83...

BACKGROUND: Compound Kushen injection (CKI) is a mixture of natural compounds extracted from Radix Sophorae and Smilax glabra Roxb. CKI, as an antitumor preparation, plays a vital role in the clinical treatment of lung and gastrointestinal cancers. METHODS: Electronic databases such as the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang data, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched for studies. The included studies were evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews, and meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5...

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide, with over 1 million new cases per year, and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. AIM: To determine the optimal perioperative treatment regimen for patients with locally resectable GC. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted, focusing on phase II/III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing perioperative chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in treating locally resectable GC...

OBJECTIVE: Accumulated evidence has suggested a relatively high recurrence rate in early-stage cervical cancer (CC) patients with risk factors. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of consolidation chemotherapy following adjuvant therapy (concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or radiotherapy (RT) alone) in stage IB-IIA CC patients with risk factors. METHODS: A total of 237 stage IB-IIA CC patients who received radical surgery between January 2014 and December 2021 were included in the retrospective study...

PURPOSE: To investigate the survival outcomes and toxicities associated with the addition of nimotuzumab to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC) patients who received induction chemotherapy (IC). METHODS: Patients with stage III-IVA nasopharyngeal carcinoma who received IC and CCRT between January 2017 and October 2021 were retrospectively included. We aimed to compare the locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) between patients treated with CCRT+nimotuzumab and CCRT alone...

PURPOSE: Residual lymph node metastases (RLNM) remained a great concern in the implementation of organ-preserving strategies and led to poor prognosis in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). In this study, we aimed to identify the clinicopathological factors correlated with RLNM in LARC patients with ypT0-2 after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 417 patients histologically diagnosed middle-low LARC after NCRT and total mesorectal excision (TME), whose pathological staging was ypT0-2...

BACKGROUND: Survival among esophageal cancer patients with stage IV non-regional lymphadenopathy treated with neoadjuvant therapy and surgical resection is not well described. This study aimed to compare the survival outcomes of patients with non-regional lymphadenopathy with a propensity matched cohort of patients with loco-regional disease. METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis of a prospectively maintained database from a regional upper gastrointestinal cancer network in Quebec, Canada was performed...

Background: Life expectancy of patients with rectal cancer is increasing day by day with innovative treatments. Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS), which disrupts the comfort of life in these patients, has become a serious problem. We aimed to evaluate the effect of high ligation (HL) and low ligation (LL) techniques on LARS in rectal cancer surgery performed with the robotic method. Materials and Methods: The data of patients diagnosed with mid-distal rectal cancer between 2016 and 2021 who underwent robotic low anterior resection by the same team in the same center with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were retrospectively evaluated...