dendritic cell cigarette smoke

Smoking has been shown to alter innate and adaptive immune responses and is directly associated with the onset of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoke exposure on dendritic cells (DCs) from OSCC patients. CD1a and CD83 antibodies were used to identify immature and mature DCs, respectively, by immunohistochemistry in OSCC samples of 24 smokers and 24 non-smokers. Density of DCs was calculated in intra and peritumoral areas. Clinical and microscopic findings were reviewed and analyzed for all patients...

BACKGROUND: Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a major serine protease inhibitor. AAT deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disorder characterized by early-onset severe emphysema. In well-selected AATD patients, therapy with plasma-derived AAT (pAAT), "augmentation therapy", provides modest clinical improvement but is perceived as cumbersome with weekly intravenous infusions. Using mouse models of emphysema, we compared the effects of a recombinant AAT-IgG1 Fc-fusion protein (AAT-Fc), which is expected to have a longer half-life following infusion, to those of pAAT...

OBJECTIVES: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) secrete cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-13 and IL-17, which are linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we investigated the role of pulmonary ILCs in COPD pathogenesis. METHODS: Lung ILC subsets in COPD and control subjects were quantified using flow cytometry and associated with clinical parameters. Tissue localisation of ILC and T-cell subsets was determined by immunohistochemistry. Mice were exposed to air or cigarette smoke (CS) for 1, 4 or 24 weeks to investigate whether pulmonary ILC numbers and activation are altered and whether they contribute to CS-induced innate inflammatory responses...

Cigarette smoking is the leading risk factor for COPD and lung cancer establishment. Epidemiologically, COPD patients are 6.35 times more likely to develop lung cancer. To mimic COPD, we exposed mice to nose-only cigarette smoke and used human samples of lung adenocarcinoma patients according to the smoking and COPD status. Smoking C57Bl/6N mice had higher enlargement of alveoli, deposition of collagen and mucus production, associated to the release of IL-1-like cytokines, such as IL-1α and IL-1β at early time points and IL-18 at later time points...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disorder. Although numerous studies on COPD have been conducted, therapeutic strategies for COPD are limited, and its pathological mechanism is still unclear. The present study aimed to explore the role of DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) in dendritic cells (DCs) and the possible role of the Th-17/Treg cell balance in COPD. Immature DCs (iDCs) were induced and cocultured with CD4+ T cells. An in vitro COPD model was established by treatment with cigarette smoke extract (CSE)...

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) apoptotic bronchial epithelial cells are increased, and their phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages (AM) is decreased alongside bacterial phagocytosis. Epithelial cellular lipids, including those exposed on uncleared apoptotic bodies, can become oxidized, and may be recognized and presented as non-self by antigen presenting cells. CD1b is a lipid-presenting protein, previously only described in dendritic cells. We investigated whether CD1b is upregulated in COPD AM, and whether lipid oxidation products are found in the airways of cigarette smoke (CS) exposed mice...

Mild traumatic brain injuries can have long-term consequences that interfere with the life of the patient and impose a burden on our health care system. Oxidative stress has been identified as a contributing factor for the progression of neurodegeneration following TBI. A major source of oxidative stress for many veterans is cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke, which has been shown to have an effect on TBI recovery. To examine the potential influences of second-hand smoke during recovery from TBI, we utilized a mouse model of closed head injury, followed by repeated exposure to cigarette smoke and treatment with a neuroprotective antioxidant...

Smokers with apparently "healthy" lungs suffer from more severe and frequent viral respiratory infections, but the mechanisms underlying this observation are still unclear. Epithelial cells and dendritic cells (DC) form the first line of defense against inhaled noxes such as smoke or viruses. We therefore aimed to obtain insight into how cigarette smoke affects DCs and epithelial cells and how this influences the response to viral infection. Female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 1 h daily for 24 days and then challenged i...

Most of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users are also smoking tobacco cigarettes. Because of the relative novelty of this habit, very little is known on the impact of vaping on pulmonary health, even less on the potential interactions of dual e-cigarette and tobacco cigarette use. Therefore, we used well-established mouse models to investigate the impact of dual exposure to e-cigarette vapors and tobacco cigarette smoke on lung homeostasis. Groups of female BALB/c mice were exposed to room air, tobacco smoke only, nicotine-free flavor-free e-cigarette vapors only or both tobacco smoke and e-cigarette vapors...

Cigarette smoke is a major effector of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and Th17 cells and dendritic cells (DCs) involve in the pathogenesis of COPD. Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of macrolides. However, the effects of macrolides on the cigarette smoke extract- (CSE-) induced immune response are unclear. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the effects of erythromycin (EM) on CSE-exposed DCs polarizing naïve CD4+ T cells into Th17 cells. DCs were generated from bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells isolated from male BALB/c mice and divided into five groups: control DC group, CSE-exposed DC group, CD40-antibody-blocked CSE-exposed DC group, and EM-treated CSE-exposed DC group...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells that play a critical role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Numerous studies have shown that tobacco constituents present in conventional cigarettes affect the phenotype and function of DCs; however, no studies have examined the effects of vapour from E-cigarettes on human DCs. Here, the effects of E-cigarette vapour extract (ECVE) on the phenotype and function of DCs were investigated by creating an in vitro cell culture model using human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs)...

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is a diffuse cystic lung disease that is strongly associated with exposure to cigarette smoke. Recently, activating pathogenic mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway have been described in the dendritic cells in patients with PLCH and have firmly established PLCH to be an inflammatory myeloid neoplasm. Disease course and prognosis in PLCH are highly variable among individual patients, ranging from spontaneous resolution to development of pulmonary hypertension and progression to terminal respiratory failure...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their potential for differentiation into alveolar epithelial cells and their immunosuppressive characteristics, are considered a new therapeutic agent in cell-based therapy of inflammatory lung disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Since most of the MSC-mediated beneficent effects were the consequence of their paracrine action, herewith, we investigated the effects of a newly designed MSC-derived product "Exosome-derived Multiple Allogeneic Protein Paracrine Signaling (Exo-d-MAPPS)" in the attenuation of chronic airway inflammation by using an animal model of COPD (induced by chronic exposure to cigarette smoke (CS)) and clinical data obtained from Exo-d-MAPPS-treated COPD patients...

Cigarette smoking (CS) is common in asthma, aggravating inflammatory reactions. However, the current treatment strategies for asthma are still not effective enough, and novel therapeutic approaches are required for CS-induced asthmatic disorders. We here investigated the ability of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) to inhibit airway inflammation and remodeling in ovalbumin (OVA)-associated asthma in mice exposed to chronic CS, revealing potential mechanistic insights. Lung tissue specimens were histologically analyzed...

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH, pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma) is a rare disease of clonal dendritic cells that primarily affects adults who smoke cigarettes. PLCH association with other malignancies is rarely reported. Herein, an unusual case of PLCH is presented with synchronous lung adenocarcinoma. A 76-year-old woman and chronic smoker was admitted for persistent dyspnea and productive cough, and had a left lower lung mass detected by computed tomography. She underwent bronchoscopy with biopsies...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of neurological changes underlying the toxicity of nicotine. Materials and methods: Rat pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells and human neuroglia (HM) cells were used. The ROS levels of the cells were detected by the FACScan. Autophagy flux was monitored by a tandem monomeric RFP-GFP-tagged LC3 lentivirus. The autophagic proteins LC3, SQSTM1/p62 and Beclin1 were detected by western blot assay. In order to evaluate the effects of nicotine and melatonin on the morphological changes of neurons, primary cortical neurons were obtained and immunocytochemistry of TUBB3 tubulin were conducted...

Asthma is a chronic airway disease, which affects more than 300 million people. The pathogenesis of asthma exhibits marked heterogeneity with many phenotypes defining visible characteristics and endotypes defining molecular mechanisms. With the evolution of novel biological therapies, patients, who do not-respond to conventional asthma therapy require novel biologic medications, such as anti-IgE, anti-IL-5 and anti-IL4/IL13 to control asthma symptoms. It is increasingly important for physicians to understand immunopathology of asthma and to characterize asthma phenotypes...

Summary Tobacco smoke exposure has obvious and complex effects on the immune system of the human upper respiratory tract, including pro-inflammatory and anti-immune effects. Exposure to tobacco smoke is closely related to the occurrence and development of allergic rhinitis, the common rhinitis and sinusitis. The innate immune system is influenced by tobacco smoking through its effects on the respiratory mucosa and its adjuncts, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils and innate immune receptors. Cigarette smoke can also affect the humoral immunity and cellular immunity, altering the acquired immune condition of the upper respiratory tract...

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may play a critical role in smoking-related chronic airway inflammation. However, the mechanism by which NETs induced by cigarette smoke initiate the adaptive immunity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not fully understood. In this study, we explored the effects of NETs induced by cigarette smoke on the myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and Th1 and Th17 cells. Additionally, we observed the inhibitory effect of erythromycin on NETs induced by cigarette smoke...

Antagonism of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the medial habenula (MHb) or interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) triggers withdrawal-like behaviors in mice chronically exposed to nicotine, implying that nicotine dependence involves sensitization of nicotinic signaling. Identification of receptor and/or neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this sensitization is important, as it could promote novel therapeutic strategies to reduce tobacco use. Using an approach involving photoactivatable nicotine (PA-Nic), we previously demonstrated that chronic nicotine (cNIC) potently enhances nAChR function in dendrites of MHb neurons...