kidney stone recurrence

BACKGROUND: The stone burden based management strategy reported in the guidelines published by different associations is well known for a long time. Staghorn calculi, representing the largest burden and most complex stones, is one of the most challenging cases to practicing urologists in clinical practice. The International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) has released a series of guidelines on the management of urolithiasis. PURPOSE: To develop a series of recommendations for the contemporary management management of staghorn calculi and to provide a clinical framework for urologists treating patients with these complex stones...

INTRODUCTION: Inguinal hernia is common, but the groin area can host various pathologies. Distinguishing clinically between hernias and rare conditions like torsion of funiculocele poses challenges due to similar presentations. CASE PRESENTATION: A 50-year-old man, with a 10-year-history of a groin mass, presented with a painful groin mass, initially diagnosed as a strangulated hernia. In surgery, a torsion of a cyst was identified, and it was attached to the spermatic cord...

Kidney stone, one of the oldest known diseases, has plagued humans for centuries, consistently imposing a heavy burden on patients and healthcare systems worldwide due to their high incidence and recurrence rates. Advancements in endoscopy, imaging, genetics, molecular biology and bioinformatics have led to a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism behind nephrolithiasis. Kidney stone formation is a complex, multi-step and long-term process involving the transformation of stone-forming salts from free ions into asymptomatic or symptomatic stones influenced by physical, chemical and biological factors...

BACKGROUND: Nephrocalcinosis (NC) is characterized by an excessive accumulation of calcium deposits in the kidneys. In children, it is often incidentally discovered with an uncertain prognosis. CASE-DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT: A 3-month-old girl suspected to have a milk protein allergy underwent an ultrasound that revealed increased echogenicity in the kidney pyramids suggestive of medullary NC. At the age of 18 months, imaging findings revealed not only hyperechogenicity in the medulla but also in the cortex...

The prevalence of nephrolithiasis is increasing worldwide. Despite advances in understanding the pathogenesis of lithiasis, few studies have demonstrated that specific clinical interventions reduce the recurrence of nephrolithiasis. The aim of this review is to analyze the current data and potential effects of iSGLT2 in lithogenesis and try to answer the question: Should we also "gliflozin" our patients with kidney stone disease?

Kidney stone disease (KSD) is one of the most common urological diseases. The incidence of kidney stones has increased dramatically in the last few decades. Kidney stones are mineral deposits in the calyces or the pelvis, free or attached to the renal papillae. They contain crystals and organic components, and they are made when urine is supersaturated with minerals. Calcium-containing stones are the most common, with calcium oxalate as the main component of most stones. However, many of these form on a calcium phosphate matrix called Randall's plaque, which is found on the surface of the kidney papilla...

INTRODUCTION: Upper urinary tract stones combined with parenchymal infiltrative renal pelvic cancer is challenging to detect on imaging, and to evaluate the differential diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION: The symptoms and diagnoses in three cases of parenchymal infiltrative renal pelvic cancer and upper urinary tract stones that occurred between June 2019 and June 2022 were reviewed. Primary symptoms of lumbar discomfort and hemoturia were evident in all three patients...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the metabolic and clinical characteristics of adult cases with stone disease from a regional part of Türkiye. METHODS: The study included 2348 adult patients with sonography and/or computed tomography-proven urinary stones. All cases were given a questionnaire about the epidemiological features of urolithiasis. Aside from the type and severity of stoneforming risk factors, both patient (age, gender, BMI, associated comorbidities, first onset of stone disease, positive family history, educational level) and stone-related (size, number, location, chemical composition, previous stone attacks) factors have been thoroughly assessed...

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Data supporting the efficacy of preventive pharmacological therapy (PPT) to reduce urolithiasis recurrence are based on clinical trials with composite outcomes that incorporate imaging findings and which have uncertain clinical significance. This study sought to evaluate if the use of PPT leads to fewer symptomatic stone events. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: & Participants: Medicare enrollees with urolithiasis who completed 24-hour urine collections that revealed hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, low urine pH, or hyperuricosuria...

The incidence of urinary tract stones is increasing worldwide, with a notably high recurrence rate. Among upper urinary tract stones, a significant proportion comprises uric acid stones. This study aims to rapid and reliable identification of uric acid stones in the upper urethra by gathering comprehensive biochemical profiles, urinalysis, and CT scan data from 276 patients diagnosed with kidney and ureteral stones. Leveraging machine learning techniques, the goal is to establish multiple predictive models that can accurately identify uric acid stones...

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BACKGROUND: Urinary lithiasis constitutes a recurrent pathology affecting a relatively young population. The risk of progression to chronic renal failure and the cost of treatment are the most important issues. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is responsible for urolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis in 7% of patients, and it represents the 7th cause of urolithiasis in Tunisia. Unfortunately, it remains an underdiagnosed pathology although it is curable. We aim to determine the clinical, biological, therapeutic, and evolutionary particularities of urinary lithiasis associated with PHPT in a nephrology setting...

Kidney stone is one of the most frequent disorders of the urinary tract. Once the stone has passed, the management should be oriented on prevention. If changes in lifestyle and diet should be implemented in a true therapeutic education of the patient, prescription of drugs has been recently challenged by the NOSTONE trial. This randomized controlled trial did not show any benefit of hydrochlorothiazide in the prevention of recurrence of kidney stone event in patients with calcium-containing stone. Therefore, prescription of thiazide in the sole purpose of decreasing kidney stone recurrence should be limited and the risk/benefit of this treatment should be carefully balanced for each case...

Intestinal microbiome dysbiosis is a known risk factor for recurrent kidney stone disease (KSD) with prior data suggesting a role for dysfunctional metabolic pathways other than those directly utilizing oxalate. To identify alternative mechanisms, the current study analyzed differences in the metabolic potential of intestinal microbiomes of patients (n = 17) and live-in controls (n = 17) and determined their relevance to increased risk for KSD using shotgun metagenomic sequencing...

BACKGROUND Nephro-colic fistulas are uncommon, generally caused by local inflammation, trauma, or neoplasia affecting the kidney or the colon. Their association with a coralliform stone is described in a few case reports, but their management is difficult and differs quite a lot, depending on the clinical situation. We report an atypical clinical case of a reno-colic fistula associated with a staghorn calculus. This case adds to the literature an iconography rarely found. CASE REPORT A 68-year-old woman presented to the Emergency Department with respiratory symptoms and chronic abdominal pain...

Effective prevention of recurrent kidney stone disease requires the understanding of the mechanisms of its formation. Numerous in vivo observations have demonstrated that a large number of pathological calcium oxalate kidney stones develop on an apatitic calcium phosphate deposit, known as Randall's plaque. In an attempt to understand the role of the inorganic hydroxyapatite phase in the formation and habits of calcium oxalates, we confined their growth under dynamic physicochemical and flow conditions in a reversible microfluidic channel coated with hydroxyapatite...

Nephrolithiasis is a major public health concern associated with high morbidity and recurrence. Despite decades of research, the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis remains incompletely understood, and effective prevention is lacking. An increasing body of evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play a role in stone formation and stone-related kidney injury. MiRNAs have been studied quite extensively in nephrolithiasis, and a plethora of specific miRNAs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis, involving remarkable changes in calcium metabolism, oxalate metabolism, oxidative stress, cell-crystal adhesion, cellular autophagy, apoptosis, and macrophage (Mp) polarization and metabolism...

Kidney stone is a common and highly recurrent disease in urology, and its pathogenesis is associated with various factors. However, its precise pathogenesis is still unknown. Ferroptosis describes a form of regulated cell death that is driven by unrestricted lipid peroxidation, which does not require the activation of caspase and can be suppressed by iron chelators, lipophilic antioxidants, inhibitors of lipid peroxidation, and depletion of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in kidney stone formation...

Ureteral endometriosis is rare and can be a silent clinical entity, which can potentially lead to serious complications such as obstructive uropathy, sepsis and renal failure. A high clinical suspicion is required especially in childbearing age groups due to non-specific presentation such as renal colic, recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI), renal failure or asymptomatic hydronephrosis.A woman in her 40s presented with febrile UTI and flank pain. She reportedly suffered from recurrent UTIs in the past. Initial workup revealed an infected, obstructed left renal collecting system with gross hydronephrosis and hydroureter to the distal ureter on a significant gynaecological background of severe endometriosis requiring hysterectomy in the past...

Purpose: To report a multi-institutional international experience in performing robotic pyeloplasty for complicated cases of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in the pediatric population and assess feasibility and outcomes. Materials and Methods: Retrospective chart review of all pediatric patients who underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP) for UPJO in challenging cases between 2013 and 2021 was included. Demographics, perioperative surgical data, complications, and results are described...