Mineral metabolism

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

A 47-year-old postmenopausal woman with osteoporosis was treated with denosumab, which was discontinued due to side effects. She was therefore transitioned to a yearly intravenous infusion of zoledronic acid. An increase in bone turnover markers together with bone loss at the lumbar spine was observed before the second infusion, suggesting an overshooting of bone resorption due to denosumab discontinuation. On physical examination, the patient was restless and reported having lost about 10 kg since the last visit...

Older men with high bone turnover have faster bone loss. We assessed the link between the baseline levels of bone turnover markers (BTMs) and the prospectively assessed bone microarchitecture decline in men. In 825 men aged 60-87 yr, we measured the serum osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), and urinary total deoxypyridinoline (tDPD). Bone microarchitecture and strength (distal radius and distal tibia) were estimated by high-resolution pQCT (XtremeCT, Scanco Medical) at baseline and then after 4 and 8 yr...

Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are highly prevalent in older women, with increasing evidence for shared risk factors and pathogenesis. Although FRAX was developed for the assessment of fracture risk, we hypothesized that it might also provide information on CVD risk. To test the ability of the FRAX tool and FRAX-defined risk factors to predict incident CVD in women undergoing osteoporosis screening with DXA, we performed a retrospective prognostic cohort study which included women aged 50 yr or older with a baseline DXA scan in the Manitoba Bone Mineral Density Registry between March 31, 1999 and March 31, 2018...

Identification of promising seed cells plays a pivotal role in achieving tissue regeneration. This study demonstrated that LepR-expressing cells (LepR+ cells) are required for maintaining periodontal homeostasis at the adult stage. We further investigated how LepR+ cells behave in periodontal healing using a ligature-induced periodontitis (PD) and a self-healing murine model with LepRCre/+; R26RtdTomato/+ mice. Lineage tracing experiments revealed that the largely suppressed osteogenic ability of LepR+ cells results from periodontal inflammation...

Adjuvant bisphosphonates are often recommended in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer at intermediate-to-high risk of disease recurrence, but the magnitude and duration of their effects on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers (BTMs) are not well described. We evaluated the impact of adjuvant zoledronate on areal BMD and BTMs in a sub-group of patients who had completed the large 5-yr randomized Adjuvant Zoledronic Acid to Reduce Recurrence (AZURE) trial. About 224 women (recurrence free) who had completed the AZURE trial within the previous 3 mo were recruited from 20 UK AZURE trial sites...

Overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism are associated with an increased fracture risk, but whether thyroid hormones are associated with fracture risk in individuals with normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) has mostly been investigated in women. Therefore, we investigated if serum levels of free thyroxine (FT4) or TSH are associated with fracture risk in Swedish men. We followed (median 12.2 yr) elderly men (n = 1825; mean age 75, range 69-81 yr) participating in the Gothenburg and Malmö subcohorts of the prospective, population-based MrOS-Sweden study...

Aerobic exercise reduces circulating ionized Ca (iCa) and increases parathyroid hormone (PTH), but the cause and consequences on Ca handling are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of strenuous exercise on Ca kinetics using dual stable Ca isotopes. Twenty-one healthy women (26.4 ± 6.7 yr) completed a randomized, crossover study entailing two 6-d iterations consisting of either 60 min of treadmill walking at 65% VO2max wearing a vest weighing 30% body weight on study days 1, 3, and 5 (exercise [EX]), or a rest iteration (rest [REST])...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Selenium (Se) is a vital trace element, essential for growth and other biological functions in fish. Its significance lies in its role as a fundamental component of selenoproteins, which are crucial for optimal functioning of the organism. The inclusion of Se in the diets of farmed animals, including fish, has proved invaluable in mitigating the challenges arising from elemental deficiencies experienced in captivity conditions due to limitations in the content of fishmeal. Supplementing diets with Se enhances physiological responses, particularly mitigates the effects of the continuous presence of environmental stress factors...

When grapevine decline, characterized by a premature decrease in vigor and yield and sometimes plant death, cannot be explained by pathological or physiological diseases, one may inquire whether the microbiological status of the soil is responsible. Previous studies have shown that the composition and structure of bacterial and fungal microbial communities in inter-row soil are affected in areas displaying vine decline, compared to areas with non-declining vines within the same plot. A more comprehensive analysis was conducted in one such plot...

Consumers are increasingly interested in food products with high nutritional value and health benefits. For instance, fish consumption is linked with diverse positive health benefits and the prevention of certain widespread disorders, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, or cardiovascular diseases. These benefits have been attributed to its excellent nutritional value (large amounts of high-quality fatty acids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals) and bioactive compounds, while being relatively low-caloric. Atlantic bluefin tuna ( Thunnus tynnus ) is one of the most consumed species worldwide, motivated by its good nutritional and organoleptic characteristics...

Bisphosphonates are commonly used to treat and prevent bone loss, but their effects in active, juvenile populations are unknown. This study examined the effects of intramuscular clodronate disodium (CLO) on bone turnover, serum bone biomarkers (SBB), bone mineral density (BMD), bone microstructure, biomechanical testing (BT), and cartilage glycosaminoglycan content (GAG) over 165 days. Forty juvenile sheep (253 ± 6 days of age) were divided into four groups: Control (saline), T0 (0.6 mg/kg CLO on day 0), T84 (0...

The brain is the central commander of all physical activities and the expression of emotions in animals. Its development and cognitive health critically depend on the neural network that consists of neurons, glial cells (namely, non-neuronal cells), and neurotransmitters (communicators between neurons). The latter include proteinogenic amino acids (e.g., L-glutamate, L-aspartate, and glycine) and their metabolites [e.g., γ-aminobutyrate, D-aspartate, D-serine, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and monoamines (e...

The bone is a large and complex organ (12-15% of body weight) consisting of specialized connective tissues (bone matrix and bone marrow), whereas joints are composed of cartilage, tendons, ligaments, synovial joint capsules and membranes, and a synovial joint cavity filled with synovial fluid. Maintaining healthy bones and joints is a dynamic and complex process, as bone deposition (formation of new bone materials) and resorption (breakdown of the bone matrix to release calcium and phosphorus) are the continuous processes to determine bone balance...

Domestic dogs (facultative carnivores) and cats (obligate carnivores) have been human companions for at least 12,000 and 9000 years, respectively. These animal species have a relatively short digestive tract but a large stomach volume and share many common features of physiological processes, intestinal microbes, and nutrient metabolism. The taste buds of the canine and feline tongues can distinguish sour, umami, bitter, and salty substances. Dogs, but not cats, possess sweet receptors. α-Amylase activity is either absent or very low in canine and feline saliva, and is present at low or substantial levels in the pancreatic secretions of cats or dogs, respectively...

BACKGROUND: The relationship between socio-economic status and bone-related diseases is attracting increasing attention. Therefore, a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed in this study. METHODS: Genetic data on factors associated with socio-economic status (average total household income before tax, years of schooling completed and Townsend Deprivation Index at recruitment), femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD), heel bone mineral density (eBMD), osteoporosis, and five different sites of fracture (spine, femur, lower leg-ankle, foot, and wrist-hand fractures) were derived from genome-wide association summary statistics of European ancestry...