Medicines

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine if obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity and/or biomarkers of inflammation/angiogenesis are associated with incident cancer in this clinical cohort. METHODS: Consenting adult patients at the University of British Columbia Hospital between 2003-2014 completed a questionnaire about their medical history and sleep habits prior to undergoing a polysomnogram (PSG). Blood samples were collected the morning after PSG and processed for biomarkers of inflammation and angiogenesis...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the impact of APAP therapy on vascular behavior and its potential to lower cardiovascular risk in patients with OSA, as well as differentiating APAP therapy heterogeneity. METHODS: All participants were diagnosed with OSA by portable monitoring, and pulse wave parameters and cardiac risk composite parameter index (CRI) were obtained by photoplethysmography before and after APAP. Clustering analysis of pulse wave parameters before APAP in the high-risk population was performed using k-means clustering...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Maternal depressive symptoms (MDS) affect most women during the first year postpartum. Mothers provide most of the nighttime care for infants, so studying the relationship between MDS and infant sleep location (ISL) is highly relevant to understanding maternal mental health over the first year of life and beyond. Infant sleep is studied by anthropologists, health care providers, and psychologists, with very little communication across disciplines. This review aimed to determine if there is a predictive relationship between MDS and ISL...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the unique characteristics and clinical significance of the nocturnal sleep onset rapid eye movement period (nSOREMP) in the Chinese population with narcolepsy, enhancing our understanding and management of the disorder globally. METHODS: This retrospective analysis investigated narcolepsy in Chinese patients from six hospitals, using International Classification of Sleep Disorders . A parallel retrospective analysis of the Chinese Clinical Sleep Database (CCSD) focused on polysomnography (PSG) records was conducted to evaluate nSOREMP prevalence in other sleep disorders...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate if an audio-visual educational video demonstrating collapsibility of the upper airway during sleep influences initial CPAP acceptance among patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS: Between January 2017 and December 2018, a single-center retrospective study was conducted. We implemented an educational video demonstrating upper airway collapsibility during sleep in February 2018. We analyzed the medical records from 145 consecutive patients diagnosed with severe OSA who underwent in-lab polysomnography (PSG) both before and after implementing the educational video...

BACKGROUND: US military veterans who have experienced homelessness often have high rates of housing transition. Disruptions caused by these transitions likely exacerbate this population's health problems and interfere with access to care and treatment engagement. Individuals experiencing homelessness increasingly use smartphones, contributing to improved access to medical and social services. Few studies have used smartphones as a data collection tool to systematically collect information about the daily life events that precede and contribute to housing transitions, in-the-moment emotions, behaviors, geographic movements, and perceived social support...

Genome-wide association studies have revealed >270 loci associated with schizophrenia risk, yet these genetic factors do not seem to be sufficient to fully explain the molecular determinants behind this psychiatric condition. Epigenetic marks such as post-translational histone modifications remain largely plastic during development and adulthood, allowing a dynamic impact of environmental factors, including antipsychotic medications, on access to genes and regulatory elements. However, few studies so far have profiled cell-specific genome-wide histone modifications in postmortem brain samples from schizophrenia subjects, or the effect of antipsychotic treatment on such epigenetic marks...

Aim: The authors investigated the association of red blood cell distribution width to albumin ratio (RAR) with prognosis and severity in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: One hundred twenty-seven patients with AIS were prospectively analyzed. The NIH Stroke Scale was used to determine stroke severity. RAR was compared between severe and nonsevere patients. Results: RAR was significantly higher in severe compared with nonsevere patients (p < 0.001). According to receiver operating characteristic analysis, RAR alone predicted mortality better than red blood cell distribution width and albumin (area under the curve: 0...

Objective: To perform a bibliometric analysis in the field of biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods: Publications were from Web of Science. Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, Science Mapping Analysis software Tool, CiteSpace and Tableau were used for analysis. Results: A total of 1112 publications were identified; 1503 institutions from 69 countries contributed, with the highest outputs from China and Karolinska University Hospital. Petri had a tremendous impact. Academic collaborations were localized...

Machine learning (ML) approaches could expand the usefulness and application of implementation science methods in clinical medicine and public health settings. The aim of this viewpoint is to introduce a roadmap for applying ML techniques to address implementation science questions, such as predicting what will work best, for whom, under what circumstances, and with what predicted level of support, and what and when adaptation or deimplementation are needed. We describe how ML approaches could be used and discuss challenges that implementation scientists and methodologists will need to consider when using ML throughout the stages of implementation...

BACKGROUND: Rare diseases in Europe are defined as diseases with a prevalence of less than 5 per 10,000 people. Despite their individual rarity, the total number of rare diseases is considerable. Rare diseases are often chronic and complex, affecting physical, mental, and neurological health. People with rare diseases face challenges such as delayed diagnosis, limited medical support, and financial burden. Caregivers, usually family members, bear significant physical and emotional burdens...

BACKGROUND: Nursing-sensitive events (NSEs) are common, accounting for up to 77% of adverse events in hospitalized patients (eg, fall-related harm, pressure ulcers, and health care-associated infections). NSEs lead to adverse patient outcomes and impose an economic burden on hospitals due to increased medical costs through a prolonged hospital stay and additional medical procedures. To reduce NSEs and ensure high-quality nursing care, appropriate nurse staffing levels are needed. Although the link between nurse staffing and NSEs has been described in many studies, appropriate nurse staffing levels are lacking...

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IMPORTANCE: Limited evidence exists on the association between initiation of antihypertensive medication and risk of fractures in older long-term nursing home residents. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between antihypertensive medication initiation and risk of fracture. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a retrospective cohort study using target trial emulation for data derived from 29 648 older long-term care nursing home residents in the Veterans Health Administration (VA) from January 1, 2006, to October 31, 2019...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

IMPORTANCE: Prostate cancer guidelines often recommend obtaining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before a biopsy, yet MRI access is limited. To date, no randomized clinical trial has compared the use of novel biomarkers for risk estimation vs MRI-based diagnostic approaches for prostate cancer screening. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate biomarker-based risk estimation (Stockholm3 risk scores or prostate-specific antigen [PSA] levels) with systematic biopsies vs an MRI-enhanced strategy (PSA levels and MRI with systematic and targeted biopsy) for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer in a screening setting...