Nor epinephrine

RATIONALE: Patients with myotonic dystrophy (DM) are highly sensitive to anesthetics, muscle relaxants, and opioids, necessitating appropriate anesthetic management. Recently, remimazolam, an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine, has been approved for use as a general anesthetic in Japan, and patients with DM have reportedly been treated with remimazolam. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has reported on endotracheal intubation without the use of muscle relaxants under anesthetic management with remimazolam, nor on the combination of remimazolam and ketamine...

The existing study was designed to inspect the toxicological consequences of two pesticides; lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and methomyl (MTM) and their combination on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) behaviors, oxidative stress, hepato-renal function indices and microarchitectural alterations. In addition, the efficiency of taurine (TUR) to rescue their toxicity was also considered. Juvenile O. niloticus were assigned into eight groups. The control and TUR groups were fed on a basal diet and TUR-enriched (10 g kg1 ) diet, respectively...

Objective: To investigate the effect of annular external fixator-assisted bone transport in the treatment of traumatic massive bone defect of tibia on clinical healing, pain stress, and joint function. Methods: From January 2018 to November 2021, 146 patients with traumatic massive bone defect of tibia were selected as the research objects, and they were divided into observation group (annular external fixator-assisted bone transport, 71 cases) and control group (unilateral external fixator bone lengthening, 75 cases) according to different surgical methods...

Olfactory receptor (Olfr) 78 participates in carotid body (CB) activation by acute hypoxia. We examined the role of Olfr78 in CB-dependent sympathetic activation and hypertension in: 1) mice treated with chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) patterned after blood O2 profiles during obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and 2) heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2) null mice, which exhibit OSA. CIH treated wild type (WT) mice showed: enhanced CB sensory nerve response to hypoxia and sensory long-term facilitation (sLTF), hypertension, activation of the sympathetic nervous system as evidenced by spectral analysis of inter-beat interval as well as elevated plasma nor-epinephrine (NE) levels...

CONTEXT: The Arg16 variant in the β2-receptor gene is associated with increased risk of severe hypoglycemia in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that the Arg16 variant is associated with decreased metabolic and symptomatic responses to recurrent hypoglycemia. METHODS: Twenty-five healthy male subjects selected according to ADRB2 genotype and being homozygous for either Arg16 (AA; n = 13) or Gly16 (GG; n = 12) participated in 2 consecutive trial days with 3 periods of hypoglycemia (H1-H3) induced by a hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp...

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a multifunctional co-factor of various enzymes and a substantial amount of studies have shown BH4 as a key regulator in the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, nor-epinephrine as well as dopamine. The imbalance of BH4 may affect neurotransmitter production which can lead to many abnormalities in CNS. This article reviews the role of BH4 in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. We focus on the therapeutic potential of BH4 in various brain diseases that involves neurotransmitters and attempt to address how the modulation of BH4 may provide a novel strategy in various neuropsychological conditions...

BACKGROUND: The early integration of palliative care in the emergency department (ED-PC) provides several benefits, including improved quality of life with optimal comfort measures, and symptom control. Whether palliative care could affect the intensive care unit admissions, hospital care and resource utilization requires further investigation. AIM: To determine the differences in inpatient characteristics, hospital care, survival, and resource utilization between patients receiving palliative care (ED-PC) and usual care (UC)...

A 59-year-old man with a 95% stenosis in his diagonal branch and no stenosis in the right coronary artery (RCA) or left circumflex artery was scheduled for PCI. After exhibiting symptoms consistent with type I Kounis syndrome (KS), nitroglycerin was administered. While giving him intravenous epinephrine to maintain his hemodynamics, the ST level recovered, and he became fully conscious. When he complained of chest pain, a new ST elevation was noticed in the lateral leads, with ST levels in the inferior leads turning into depression...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique capable of increasing the Raman signal of an analyte using specific nanostructures. The close contact between those nanostructures, usually a suspension of nanoparticles, and the molecule of interest produces an important exaltation of the intensity of the Raman signal. Even if the exaltation leads to an improvement of Raman spectroscopy sensitivity, the complexity of the SERS signal and the numbers of parameters to be controlled allow the use of SERS for detection rather than quantification...

BACKGROUND: Vasoplegic syndrome (VPS) is defined as systemic hypotension due to profound vasodilatation and loss of systemic vascular resistance (SVR), despite normal or increased cardiac index, and characterized by inadequate response to standard doses of vasopressors, and increased morbidity and mortality. It occurs in 9%-44% of cardiac surgery patients after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The underlying pathophysiology following CPB consists of resistance to vasopressors (inactivation of Ca2+ voltage gated channels) on the one hand and excessive activation of vasodilators (SIRS, iNOS, and low AVP) on the other...

OBJECTIVE: Current guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) recommend that standard-dose epinephrine be administered every 3-5 minutes during cardiac arrest. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the optimal epinephrine dosing interval. This study aimed to examine the association between epinephrine dosing intervals and outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). METHODS: This was a nationwide population-based observational study using data from a Japanese government-led registry of OHCA, including patients who experienced OHCA in Japan from 2011 to 2017...

Aim: It has been suggested that repeated activation of the adrenergic system during antecedent episodes of hypoglycaemia contributes to the development of counterregulatory failure. We previously reported that treatment with carvedilol, a non-specific β-blocker, prevented the development of counterregulatory failure and improved hypoglycaemia awareness in recurrently hypoglycaemic non-diabetic rats. The current study investigated whether carvedilol has similar benefits in diabetic rats...

Stressful experiences evoke, among others, a rapid increase of brain (nor)epinephrine (NE) levels and a slower increase in glucocorticoid hormones (GCs) in the brain. Microglia are key regulators of neuronal function and contain receptors for NE and GCs. These brain cells may therefore potentially be involved in modulating stress-effects on neuronal function and learning and memory. In this review, we discuss that stress induces (1) an increase in microglial numbers as well as (2) a shift towards a proinflammatory profile...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the use of biological agents (BA) in the treatment of anaphylaxis in the view of the new knowledge in the field to support the quality of care and prevention. RECENT FINDINGS: Some BA, as a single medication or as combined therapy to food or venom immunotherapy, are effectively able to reduce most of the severe anaphylactic reactions. SUMMARY: Anaphylaxis is a recognized clinical emergency, which requires prompt identification and treatment...

Caco-2 cells are increasingly used to study the absorption of drugs and nutrients, including D-glucose, an important nutrient that mainly gets absorbed from the intestine by the sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1). However, disadvantages of Caco-2 cells for such studies have been reported, e.g., D-glucose cannot elicit translocation of the intracellular pool of SGLT1 to the apical membrane, the origin of the cells affects glucose uptake, and Caco-2 cells exhibit heterogeneity. This study aimed to characterize SGLT1-mediated glucose transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers...

BACKGROUND: Cerebral Salt wasting (CSW) is common in Tuberculous Meningitis (TBM) and is suggested to be due to sympathetic dysregulation of renal blood supply but has not been proven. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate plasma Catecholamines in TBM patients with CSW and correlate with the markers of stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The diagnosis of TBM was based on clinical, CSF and MRI criteria. Catecholamines level was measured by LC-MS on admission, at the time of hyponatremia and on correction of hyponatremia...

We have shown that autoxidized polyphenolic nutraceuticals oxidize H2 S to polysulfides and thiosulfate and this may convey their cytoprotective effects. Polyphenol reactivity is largely attributed to the B ring, which is usually a form of hydroxyquinone (HQ). Here, we examine the effects of HQs on sulfur metabolism using H2 S- and polysulfide-specific fluorophores (AzMC and SSP4, respectively) and thiosulfate sensitive silver nanoparticles (AgNP). In buffer, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene (1,4-DB), 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ), pyrogallol (PG) and gallic acid (GA) oxidized H2 S to polysulfides and thiosulfate, whereas 1,2-DB, 1,3-DB, 1,2-dihydroxy,3,4-benzoquinone and shikimic acid did not...

While analyzing clinical data where an anesthetic was titrated based on an objective measure of drug effect, we observed paradoxically that greater effect was associated with lesser dose. With this study we sought to find a mathematical explanation for this negative correlation between dose and effect, to confirm its existence with additional clinical data, and to explore it further with Monte Carlo simulations. Automatically recorded dosing and effect data from more than 9,000 patients was available for the analysis...

BACKGROUND: Time to initial treatment is important in any response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The purpose of this paper was to quantify the time delay for providing initial EMS treatments supplemented by comparison with those of other EMS systems conducting clinical trials. METHODS: Data were collected between 1/1/16-2/15/19. Dispatched, EMS-worked, adult OHCA cases occurring before EMS arrival were included and compared with published treatment time data...

OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis aimed to systematically review the effects of etomidate (ETM) during anesthetic induction on patients undergoing cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING: Operating room. PARTICIPANTS: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: ETM or control drugs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: PubMed, Cochrane Library, OVID, and EMBASE were searched through August 31, 2020...