chicken liver glutamate dehydrogenase

The hepatic glycine cleavage system in the chicken was examined at different stages of development to study regulation of its biosynthesis. Embryonic levels of polypeptide and mRNA for glycine decarboxylase, one of the three intrinsic components of this enzyme system, were approximately 10% of their adult levels and were rapidly increased following hatching. Those of H-protein, another intrinsic component, were somewhat higher and were more slowly increased throughout the course of development. The change in activities of the two components went with the increase in their polypeptide levels...

Succinate dehydrogenase activity was measured in rat pancreatic islet homogenates incubated in the presence of [1,4-14C]succinate, the reaction velocity being judged through the generation of 14CO2 in the auxiliary reactions catalysed by pig heart fumarase and chicken liver NADP-malate dehydrogenase. In the presence of 1.0 mM succinate, the reaction velocity averaged 5.53 +/- 0.44 pmol min-1 microgram-1 islet protein. The Km for succinate was close to 0.4 mM and the enzymic activity was restricted to mitochondria...

1. The two molecular forms of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase are partly bound to the mitochondrial membranes. 2. The A form is located on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane and also in the intermembrane space. 3. The B form of the enzyme appears in the matrix and bound in part, probably, to the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane. 4. Glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, fumarase and lactate dehydrogenase are bound, to a greater or lesser extent, to the mitochondrial membranes, the fumarase having the highest degree of binding...

1. The specific activities of some enzymes of folate metabolism were measured in the liver of folate-treated and folate-deficient immature female chickens at intervals up to 9 days after an initial administration of 17 beta-oestradiol dipropionate. 2. An increase in dihydrofolate reductase activity after 3 days and decreases in 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase activities after 2 days became evident as a result of oestradiol treatment. 3. After 9 days, oestradiol caused a small decrease in glutamate formiminotransferase activity...

The ratio of free ATP to free ADP in the mitochondrial matrix [( ATPf]/[ADPf]) has been measured in suspensions of isolated mitochondria under conditions of active phosphorylation of extramitochondrial ADP. These measurements utilized phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase which is present in the matrix of mitochondria from the livers of guinea pigs, chickens, and pigeons. Mitochondria isolated from these sources also contain nucleoside diphosphate kinase, malate dehydrogenase, and glutamate dehydrogenase or 3-OH-butyrate dehydrogenase...

A study was conducted to determine the effects of an environmentally induced force molt treatment on concentrations and daily variations of selected serum biochemicals during early molt. Laying hens were placed into two environmental control chambers. In one chamber, control (Con) laying hens were maintained on long photoperiods of 19 hr of light daily to maintain egg production. In the other chamber, early molt (EM) hens were exposed to short photoperiods of 6 hr of light daily to decrease egg production. After 2 weeks in the chambers, feed was withdrawn from EM hens for 2 days to initiate molt...

Renal adaptation to chronic metabolic acidosis was studies in Arbor Acre hens receiving ammonium chloride by stomach tube 0.75 g/kg/day during 6 days. During a 14-day study, it was shown that the animals could excrete as much as 60% of the acid load during ammonium chloride administration. At the same time urate excretion fell markedly but the renal contribution to urate excretion (14%) did not change. During acidosis, blood glutamine increased twofold and the tissue concentration of glutamine rose in both liver and kidney...

The presence of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in the nuclei of chicken liver cells was confirmed using two experimental designs. PEPCK was found to be enriched in the nuclear fraction of rat liver, a species whose hepatic PEPCK is reported to be predominantly cytosolic. We suggest that PEPCK plays a role in nuclear synthesis of N-acetyl-neuraminic acid.

Hepatic histologic changes and induction of mixed function oxidases were examined and compared after administration to the chick embryo of four highly purified polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners: 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) and 3,4,5,3',4',5'-, 2,4,5,2',4',5'-, and 2,3,6,2',3',6'-hexachlorobiphenyls (HCBs). The major histopathologic change was hepatocyte swelling as evidenced by sinusoidal narrowing. It was observed within 24 hr after PCB administration at doses as low as 5 nmol/egg for 3,4,3',4'-TCB and 3,4,5,3',4',5'-HCB and only at doses of 5000 nmol/egg and higher for 2,4,5,2',4',5'-HCB...

Infectious bursal disease in 35-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens was characterized clinically by its acute onset and brief duration. Clinical signs included depression, anorexia, diarrhea, and polyuria. A detectable precipitin antibody response occurred between 3 and 5 days postinoculation. Evaluation of pooled serum samples obtained from infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-infected chickens revealed transient changes in potassium, cholesterol, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, serum glutamic-oxalic transaminase, and serum proteins...

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1. Bovine, porcine and chicken liver glutamate dehydrogenases were irreversibly inhibited by a tenfold excess of radioactive 4-iodoacetamidosalicylic acid at pH7.5. 2. Inhibition was accompanied by the covalent incorporation of 1.1 mol of labelled inhibitor/mol of polypeptide chain. Acid hydrolysis yielded N(epsilon)-carboxymethyl-lysine as the sole labelled amino acid. No labelled S-carboxymethylcysteine was recovered from the bovine or porcine enzymes. 3. The labelled bovine enzyme was hydrolysed with trypsin...

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