Landau

Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (pMTJ)-based true-random number generators (RNG) can consume orders of magnitude less energy per bit than CMOS pseudo-RNG. Here, we numerically investigate with a macrospin Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation solver the use of pMTJs driven by spin-orbit torque to directly sample numbers from arbitrary probability distributions with the help of a tunable probability tree. The tree operates by dynamically biasing sequences of pMTJ relaxation events, called 'coinflips', via an additional applied spin-transfer-torque current...

Superconducting phase transitions in two dimensions lie beyond the description of the Ginzburg-Landau symmetry-breaking paradigm for three-dimensional superconductors. They are Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transitions of paired-electron condensate driven by the unbinding of topological excitations, i.e. vortices. The recently discovered monolayers of layered high-transition-temperature ([Formula: see text]) cuprate superconductor Bi2 Sr2 CaCu2 O8+δ (Bi2212) meant that this 2D superconductor promised to be ideal for the study of unconventional superconductivity...

The co-transport behavior of environmental pollutants with biochar particles has aroused great interests from researchers due to the concerns about pollutant diffusion and environmental exposure after biochar is applied to soil. In this work, the recovery and co-transport behavior of biochar micron-/nano-particles (BCMP and BCNP) and lead (Pb2+ ) in saturated porous media were investigated under different ionic strength conditions (IS = 1, 5 and 10 mM) under a direct current electric field. The results showed that the electric field could significantly enhance the mobility of Pb adsorbed biochar particles, particularly BCNP...

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Pure-quartic solitons (PQSs) have recently received increasing attention due to their energy-width scaling over the traditional soliton, which has expanded our understanding of soliton dynamics with high-order dispersion in nonlinear systems. Here, we numerically reveal the asynchronization and synchronization processes of the sub-pulse within the vector PQS molecule in a mode-locked fiber laser by solving the coupled Ginzburg-Landau equations. During the establishment of a vector PQS molecule, the repulsion, attraction, and finally stabilization processes have been observed...

Transport probes the motion of quasi-particles in response to external excitations. Apart from the well-known electric and thermoelectric transport, acoustoelectric transport induced by traveling acoustic waves has rarely been explored. Here, by adopting hybrid nanodevices integrated with piezoelectric substrates, we establish a simple design of acoustoelectric transport with gate tunability. We fabricate dual-gated acoustoelectric devices based on hBN-encapsulated graphene on LiNbO3 . Longitudinal and transverse acoustoelectric voltages are generated by launching a pulsed surface acoustic wave...

Membrane fouling caused by the organics-coated particles was the main obstacles for the highly efficient shale gas produced water (SGPW) treatment and recycling. In this study, a novel hybrid electrocoagulation (EC) and E-peroxone process coupled with UF (ECP-UF) process was proposed to examine the efficacy and elucidate the mechanism for UF fouling mitigation in assisting SGPW reuse. Compared to the TMP (transmembrane pressure) increase of -15 kPa in the EC-UF process, TMP in ECP-UF system marginally increased to -1...

While multiple sclerosis (MS) commonly manifests with optic nerve involvement, it can also masquerade as diverse cranial nerve (CN) palsies. We present the case of a young male initially diagnosed with Bell's palsy based on unilateral facial nerve paralysis. Despite the presence of typical clinical features, the patient's evaluation took an unexpected turn. Subsequent brain MRI revealed demyelinating lesions, ultimately confirming the diagnosis of MS. This case underscores the importance of maintaining vigilance in diagnosing atypical presentations of MS, illustrating how meticulous evaluation and neuroimaging play pivotal roles in uncovering underlying pathologies when conventional diagnoses such as Bell's palsy raise uncertainties...

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) associated complications are associated with increased inflammation through the innate immune response, which can be modulated with anti-inflammatory agents. An active ingredient derived from the Nuphar lutea aquatic plant, 6,6'-dihydroxythiobinupharidine (DTBN) has anti-inflammatory properties, mainly through the inhibition of NF-κB. We tested the effects of DTBN on mice with CKD. After preliminary safety and dosing experiments, we exposed 8 weeks old male C57BL/6J mice to adenine diet to induce CKD...

The orthokinetic coagulation of irregularly shaped polystyrene micro-particles (PS-MP) was investigated in solutions of inorganic cations with different valence (NaCl, CaCl2 , LaCl3 ) using a coagulation jar test set-up combined with light extinction particle counting. The stabilizing effect of model natural organic matter (NOM from reverse-osmosis (RO-NOM), humic (HA) & fulvic acid (FA)) and of surface water components (SW-NOM) was studied. Collision efficiencies were calculated from the decrease in particle concentration applying first order reaction kinetics...

The strange metal phase of correlated electrons materials was described in a recent theory by a model of a Fermi surface coupled a two-dimensional quantum critical bosonic field with a spatially random Yukawa coupling. With the assumption of self-averaging randomness, similar to that in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, numerous observed properties of a strange metal were obtained for a wide range of intermediate temperatures, including the linear in temperature resistivity. The Harris criterion implies that spatial fluctuations in the local position of the critical point must dominate at lower temperatures...

Recently, there has been a growing concern regarding the increased contamination of water by bacteria. As a result, more attention has been paid to the potential benefits of utilizing nano adsorbents and photocatalysis for water purification. In order to better manipulate the physicochemical properties, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular behaviour between nanoparticles and pathogens. This article investigates the various interactions that can occur between Fe3 O4 -SiO2 -TiO2 (FST) nanoparticles and bacterial cells...

Microalgae have emerged as potential candidates for biomass production and pollutant removal. However, expensive biomass harvesting, insufficient biomass productivity, and low energy intensity limit the large-scale production of microalgae. To break through these bottlenecks, a novel technology of immobilized microalgae culture coupled with wastewater treatment has received increasing attention in recent years. In this review, the characteristics of two immobilized microalgae culture technologies are first presented and then their mechanisms are discussed in terms of biofilm formation theories, including thermodynamic theory, Derjaguin-Landau-Verwei-Overbeek theory (DLVO) and its extended theory (xDLVO), as well as ionic cross-linking mechanisms in the process of microalgae encapsulated in alginate...

We investigate the use of machine learning for solving analytic problems in theoretical physics. In particular, symbolic regression (SR) is making rapid progress in recent years as a tool to fit data using functions whose overall form is not known in advance. Assuming that we have a mathematical problem that is posed analytically, e.g. through equations, but allows easy numerical evaluation of the solution for any given set of input variable values, one can generate data numerically and then use SR to identify the closed-form function that describes the data, assuming that such a function exists...

OBJECTIVE: The ductus arteriosus normally closes after birth. Histamine2 Receptor Antagonist (H2RA) has been associated with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). We aimed to study the characteristics of term infants with PDA and their possible association with prenatal exposure to antacids - Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) and H2RA. STUDY DESIGN: Population-based matched case-control study of mothers registered at "Clalit" Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) and their infants born at "Soroka" University Medical Center (SUMC) between 2001-2018...

OBJECTIVE: The architecture of the orbital cavity is intricate, and precise measurement of its growth is essential for managing ocular and orbital pathologies. Most methods for those measurements are by CT imaging, although MRI for soft tissue assessment is indicated in many cases, specifically pediatric patients. This study introduces a novel semiautomated MRI-based approach for depicting orbital shape and dimensions. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with at least 1 normal orbit who underwent both CT and MRI imaging at a single center from 2015 to 2023...

PURPOSE: This meta-analysis aimed to review the safety and efficacy of topical cyclosporine A (CsA) and topical tacrolimus in allergic eye disease. METHODS: A systematic search identified thirteen studies and a total of 445 patients for inclusion, making this the largest meta-analysis published on the subject. The current review was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). RESULTS: Thirteen randomized control trials were included in the meta-analysis...

We reformulate the analysis of singularities of Feynman integrals in a way that can be practically applied to perturbative computations in the standard model in dimensional regularization. After highlighting issues in the textbook treatment of Landau singularities, we develop an algorithm for classifying and computing them using techniques from computational algebraic geometry. We introduce an algebraic variety called the principal Landau determinant, which captures the singularities even in the presence of massless particles or UV/IR divergences...

A proposal of the existence of an Anomalous phase (A phase) [Das et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 056202 (2023)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.131.056202] at the experimental range of moderate Landau-level-mixing strength has recently been made for the 5/2 state. We here report that the gapped A phase is generic to the sequence of spin-polarized fractional quantum Hall states with filling fractions ν=n/(nm-1) and ν=1-n/(nm-1), (n≥1,m≥3), that exhausts almost all the observed states and also predicts some states in the second Landau level for GaAs systems...

This study characterized Bacillus globigii (BG) as a Bacillus anthracis Sterne (BAS) surrogate for wastewater treatment-related studies of UV inactivation, adsorption onto powdered activated carbon (PAC), and bioaerosol emission. The inactivation of BG was faster than that of BAS in DI water (pseudo first-order rate constants of 0.065 and 0.016 min-1 respectively) and in PBS solution (0.030 and 0.005 min-1 respectively). BG was also removed more quickly than BAS by PAC adsorption in DI (0.07 and 0.05 min-1 respectively) and in PBS (0...