keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524112/investigation-of-a-bacterial-meningitis-cluster-in-a-refugee-settlement-obongi-district-uganda-march-2023
#1
REVIEW
Brian Agaba, Rebecca Akunzirwe, Leah Naluwagga Baliruno, Helen Nelly Naiga, Paul Okello, Daniel Kadobera, Lilian Bulage, Richard Migisha, Alex Riolexus Ario
On 6 March 2023, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C was isolated from a cerebral spinal fluid sample from Obongi District, Uganda. This sample was one of many from patients who were presenting with fever, convulsions, and altered consciousness. We investigated to determine the scope of the meningitis cluster, identify risk factors of contracting meningitis, and inform control measures. We reviewed medical records, conducted active community case finding, and conducted key informant interviews in the affected communities to identify cases and factors associated with contracting meningitis...
2024: Pan African Medical Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521080/use-of-a-meningococcal-group-b-vaccine-4cmenb-in-populations-at-high-risk-of-gonorrhoea-in-the-uk
#2
REVIEW
Shamez N Ladhani, Peter J White, Helen Campbell, Sema Mandal, Ray Borrow, Nick Andrews, Sunil Bhopal, John Saunders, Hamish Mohammed, Lana Drisdale-Gordon, Emma Callan, Katy Sinka, Kate Folkard, Helen Fifer, Mary E Ramsay
The meningococcal group B vaccine, 4CMenB, is a broad-spectrum, recombinant protein vaccine that is licensed for protection against meningococcal group B disease in children and adults. Over the past decade, several observational studies supported by laboratory studies have reported protection by 4CMenB against gonorrhoea, a sexually transmitted infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Gonorrhoea is a major global public health problem, with rising numbers of diagnoses and increasing resistance to multiple antibiotics...
March 20, 2024: Lancet Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517733/the-important-lessons-lurking-in-the-history-of-meningococcal-epidemiology
#3
REVIEW
Ray Borrow, Jamie Findlow
INTRODUCTION: The epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), a rare but potentially fatal illness, is typically described as unpredictable and subject to sporadic outbreaks. AREAS COVERED: Meningococcal epidemiology and vaccine use during the last ~200 years are examined within the context of meningococcal characterization and classification to guide future IMD prevention efforts. EXPERT OPINION: Historical and contemporary data highlight the dynamic nature of meningococcal epidemiology, with continued emergence of hyperinvasive clones and affected regions...
March 22, 2024: Expert Review of Vaccines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481292/the-epidemiological-profile-of-incidence-and-mortality-from-epidemics-in-complex-humanitarian-emergencies-from-1990-to-2022-a-scoping-review
#4
REVIEW
Pedro Arcos González, Julián Cabria Fernández, Rick Kye Gan, Ángel Fernández Camporro, José Antonio Cernuda Martínez
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the impact of communicable diseases with epidemic potential in complex emergency (CE) situations, focusing on the epidemiological profile of incidence and mortality and exploring underlying factors contributing to increased epidemic risks. METHODS: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, we conducted a scoping review of articles published between 1990 and 2022...
March 13, 2024: Tropical Medicine & International Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38463903/a-national-advisory-committee-on-immunization-naci-update-on-invasive-meningococcal-disease-imd-epidemiology-and-program-relevant-considerations-for-preventing-imd-in-individuals-at-high-risk-of-exposure
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anne Pham-Huy, Joseline Zafack, Courtney Primeau, Oliver Baclic, Marina Salvadori, Shelley Deeks
Following recent outbreaks of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Canada and updates to provincial vaccination guidelines, the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) conducted a targeted review of evidence with a focus on immunization of adolescents and young adults. NACI reviewed national and international immunization recommendations for populations at high-risk of IMD, national IMD epidemiology and program-relevant considerations. Given the varied IMD epidemiology, NACI determined that recommending a pan-Canadian targeted program is currently challenging and that regional programs may be better suited to prevent IMD in population groups considered to be at high-risk of exposure...
September 1, 2023: Canada Communicable Disease Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38430327/4cmenb-vaccination-to-prevent-meningococcal-b-disease-in-vietnam-expert-review-and-opinion
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Phung Nguyen The Nguyen, Pham Quang Thai, Tran Minh Dien, Do Thien Hai, Vo Thi Trang Dai, Nguyen Huy Luan, Gaurav Mathur, Selim Badur, Doan Minh Truyen, Nguyen Hoan Le Minh
An advisory board meeting was held with experts in Vietnam (Hanoi, August 2022), to review the evidence on invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) epidemiology, clinical management, and meningococcal vaccines to reach a consensus on recommendations for meningococcal vaccination in Vietnam. IMD is a severe disease, with the highest burden in infants and children. IMD presents as meningitis and/or meningococcemia and can progress extremely rapidly. Almost 90% of deaths in children occur within the first 24 h, and disabling sequelae (e...
March 2, 2024: Infectious Diseases and Therapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38408808/waterhouse-friderichsen-syndrome-septic-adrenal-apoplexy
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rishikesh Rijal, Kamal Kandel, Barun Babu Aryal, Ankush Asija, Dhan Bahadur Shrestha, Yub Raj Sedhai
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome is a rare but potentially fatal disorder of the adrenal gland characterized by bilateral adrenal hemorrhage. It is classically a result of meningococcal sepsis and presents acutely with features of shock, petechial rashes, abdominal pain, and non-specific symptoms such as headache, fatigue, and vomiting. Treatment consists of fluid resuscitation, corticosteroid replacement, and possibly surgery. The prognosis is poor despite treatment. This chapter will review the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and management of the disease...
2024: Vitamins and Hormones
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38388957/from-qualitative-research-to-quantitative-preference-elicitation-an-example-in-invasive-meningococcal-disease
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joshua Coulter, Chiara Whichello, Sebastian Heidenreich, Brett Hauber, Christine Michaels-Igbokwe, Joseph C Cappelleri, Paula Peyrani, Jessica Vespa Presa, Malavika Venkatraman, Katharina Schley
BACKGROUND: Qualitative research is fundamental for designing discrete choice experiments (DCEs) but is often underreported in the preference literature. We developed a DCE to elicit preferences for vaccination against invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) among adolescents and young people (AYP) and parents and legal guardians (PLG) in the United States. This article reports the targeted literature review and qualitative interviews that informed the DCE design and demonstrates how to apply the recent reporting guidelines for qualitative developmental work in preference studies...
February 23, 2024: Patient
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38332005/the-scientific-journey-of-a-novel-adjuvant-as37-from-bench-to-bedside
#9
REVIEW
Ugo D'Oro, Derek T O'Hagan
A decade ago, we described a new approach to discover next generation adjuvants, identifying small-molecule immune potentiators (SMIPs) as Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 agonists. We also optimally formulated these drugs through adsorption to aluminum salts (alum), allowing them to be evaluated with a range of established and early-stage vaccines. Early proof-of-concept studies showed that a TLR7 agonist (TLR7a)-based SMIP, when adsorbed to alum, could perform as an effective adjuvant for a variety of different antigens, in both small and large animals...
February 8, 2024: NPJ Vaccines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38285269/the-diverse-spectrum-of-invasive-meningococcal-disease-in-pediatric-and-adolescent-patients-narrative-review-of-cases-and-case-series
#10
REVIEW
Shravani Bobde, Woo-Yun Sohn, Rafik Bekkat-Berkani, Angelika Banzhoff, Athena Cavounidis, Ener Cagri Dinleyici, Wilfrido Coronell Rodriguez, Nelly Ninis
INTRODUCTION: Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a potentially life-threatening disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis infection. We reviewed case reports of IMD from newborns, infants, children, and adolescents, and described the real-life clinical presentations, diagnoses, treatment paradigms, and clinical outcomes. METHODS: PubMed and Embase were searched for IMD case reports on patients aged ≤ 19 years published from January 2011 to March 2023 (search terms "Neisseria meningitidis" or "invasive meningococcal disease", and "infant", "children", "paediatric", pediatric", or "adolescent")...
January 29, 2024: Infectious Diseases and Therapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38142401/treatment-outcomes-of-complement-protein-c5-inhibition-in-509-uk-patients-with-paroxysmal-nocturnal-hemoglobinuria
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Richard J Kelly, Matthew Holt, Jenniner Vidler, Louise M Arnold, Joanna Large, Briony Forrest, Catherine Barnfield, Alexandra Pike, Morag Griffin, Talha Munir, Petra Muus, Sateesh Nagumantry, Abraham Mullasseril Varghese, John R Davies, Roochi Trikha, Austin G Kulasekararaj, Lindsay Mitchell, Shreyans A Gandhi
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal hematopoietic disorder which occurs on a background of bone marrow failure (BMF). In PNH, chronic intravascular hemolysis causes an increase in morbidity and mortality, mainly due to thromboses. Over the last 20 years treatment of PNH has focused on the complement protein C5 to prevent intravascular hemolysis using the monoclonal antibody eculizumab and more recently ravulizumab. In the UK, all patients are under review at one of two reference centers...
December 24, 2023: Blood
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38140148/a-systematic-review-of-vaccination-guidance-for-humanitarian-responses
#12
REVIEW
Lauren E Allison, Mervat Alhaffar, Francesco Checchi, Nada Abdelmagid, Barni Nor, Majdi M Sabahelzain, Page M Light, Neha S Singh
Delivering vaccines in humanitarian response requires rigourous and continuous analysis of evidence. This systematic review mapped the normative landscape of vaccination guidance on vaccine-preventable diseases in crisis-affected settings. Guidance published between 2000 and 2022 was searched for, in English and French, on websites of humanitarian actors, Google, and Bing. Peer-reviewed database searches were performed in Global Health and Embase. Reference lists of all included documents were screened. We disseminated an online survey to professionals working in vaccination delivery in humanitarian contexts...
November 22, 2023: Vaccines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38138149/microevolution-and-its-impact-on-hypervirulence-antimicrobial-resistance-and-vaccine-escape-in-neisseria-meningitidis
#13
REVIEW
August Mikucki, Charlene M Kahler
Neisseria meningitidis is commensal of the human pharynx and occasionally invades the host, causing the life-threatening illness invasive meningococcal disease. The meningococcus is a highly diverse and adaptable organism thanks to natural competence, a propensity for recombination, and a highly repetitive genome. These mechanisms together result in a high level of antigenic variation to invade diverse human hosts and evade their innate and adaptive immune responses. This review explores the ways in which this diversity contributes to the evolutionary history and population structure of the meningococcus, with a particular focus on microevolution...
December 18, 2023: Microorganisms
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38024923/vaccine-and-malnutrition-a-narrative-review
#14
REVIEW
Saroj K Tripathy, Sarthak Das, Archana Malik
Nearly 45% of under 5 mortality is directly or indirectly linked to malnutrition. Infection adds to the increased mortality and morbidity in these groups. Vaccination is very important in these undernourished children protecting against life-threatening infections. The goal of vaccination is to produce long-term protection by generating memory cells and the generation of antibodies. Since malnutrition is a state of immunodeficiency, the immune response to vaccines in these children is a matter of concern. We did an exhaustive search to gather more recent studies and corroborated previous findings...
September 2023: Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37881001/multivariate-control-charts-for-monitoring-a-bivariate-correlated-count-process-with-application-to-meningococcal-disease
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hanhan Li, Cong Li
In recent years, with the increasing number and complexity of infectious diseases, the idea of using control charts to monitor public health and disease has been proposed. In this paper, we study multivariate control charts for monitoring a bivariate integer-valued autocorrelation process with bivariate Poisson distribution and select the optimal control scheme by comparing the performance of control charts. Furthermore, the meningococcal patient event in two states in Australia serves as an example to illustrate the application of these methods...
December 2023: Statistical Methods in Medical Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37869140/role-of-complement-in-myasthenia-gravis
#16
REVIEW
Pyae Phyo San, Saiju Jacob
Myasthenia gravis is a prototypic neuroimmune disorder with autoantibodies targeting the acetylcholine receptor complex at the neuromuscular junction. Patients present with mainly ocular muscle weakness and tend to have a generalized muscle weakness later in the clinical course. The weakness can be severe and fatal when bulbar muscles are heavily involved. Acetylcholine receptor antibodies are present in the majority of patients and are of IgG1 and IgG3 subtypes which can activate the complement system. The complement involvement plays a major role in the neuromuscular junction damage and the supporting evidence in the literature is described in this article...
2023: Frontiers in Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37866792/meningococcal-disease-in-the-middle-east-a-report-from-the-global-meningococcal-initiative
#17
REVIEW
Seif S Al-Abri, Musallam Yunus Abuhasan, Soha Shawqi A Albayat, Xilian Bai, Hamad Bastaki, Ray Borrow, Dominique A Caugant, Ghassan Dbaibo, Ala-Eddine Deghmane, Ener Cagri Dinleyici, Nedal Ghuneim, Mohamud Sheek-Hussein, Jay Lucidarme, Sean Leng, Maria G Koliou, Marco Ap Sáfadi, Jameela Al Salman, Tarek Al-Sanouri, Vinny Smith, Muhamed-Kheir Taha, Julio Vázquez, Claire Wright, Saber Yezli
This review details recent findings from the Global Meningococcal Initiative's (GMI) recent meeting on the surveillance and control strategies for invasive meningococcal disease in the Middle East. The nature of case reporting and notification varies across the region, with many countries using bacterial meningitis as an IMD case definition in lieu of meningitis and septicemia. This may overlook a significant burden associated with IMD leading to underreporting or misreporting of the disease. Based on these current definitions, IMD reported incidence remains low across the region, with historical outbreaks mainly occurring due to the Hajj and Umrah mass gatherings...
October 20, 2023: Journal of Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37850987/continuing-genomic-evolution-of-the-neisseria-meningitidis-cc11-2-urethritis-clade-nm-uc-a-narrative-review
#18
REVIEW
Emilio I Rodriguez, Yih-Ling Tzeng, David S Stephens
Neisseria meningitidis (Nm ) is a bacterial pathogen responsible for invasive meningococcal disease. Though typically colonizing the nasopharynx, multiple outbreaks of meningococcal urethritis were first reported in 2015-2016; outbreaks originally presumed to be caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae ( Ng ). Genomic analysis revealed that the Nm isolates causing these outbreaks were a distinct clade, and had integrated gonococcal DNA at multiple genomic sites, including the gonococcal denitrification apparatus aniA-norB , a partial gonococcal operon of five genes containing isp D, and the acetylglutamate kinase gene argB with the adjacent gonococcal locus NGO0843 ...
October 2023: Microbial Genomics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37797844/beyond-the-usual-suspects-reviewing-infections-caused-by-typically-commensal-neisseria-species
#19
REVIEW
Lloyd Walsh, Stephen A Clark, Jeremy P Derrick, Ray Borrow
OBJECTIVE: Few data outside of individual case reports are available on nonmeningococcal, non-gonococcal species of Neisseria as causative agents of invasive disease. This review collates disease, organism and patient information from case reports on the topic. METHODS: A literature search was performed examining articles describing disease caused by non-meningococcal, non-gonococcal Neisseria. FINDINGS: Neisseria present as opportunistic pathogens causing a wide variety of diseases including serious presentations, endocarditis being the most common condition described and N...
October 3, 2023: Journal of Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37789238/correction-to-meningococcal-b-immunisation-in-adults-and-potential-broader-immunisation-strategies-a-narrative-review
#20
George Kassianos, Osamah Barasheed, Victoria Abbing-Karahagopian, Mansour Khalaf, Serdar Ozturk, Angelika Banzhoff, Selim Badur
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
October 4, 2023: Infectious Diseases and Therapy
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