Rectal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: In the event of an advanced rectal carcinoma, an evisceration with rectal amputation may become necessary. The resulting defects, due to their extent, depth, or local tissue damage from previous surgeries and radiation, can in many cases only be closed through free microvascular tissue transfer. In this case series, we demonstrate the successful combination of a musculocutaneous musculus vastus lateralis flap (MVL) with a direct connection to the superior gluteal artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a 47-month period, we retrospectively examined 11 cases of patients with dorsal pelvic defects after evisceration and rectal amputation that could not be closed using local or regional means...

Given that colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality, mucinous adenocarcinoma is one of the subtypes and is characterized by the presence of mucin-producing tumor cells with mucin components and is more challenging to manage. In Saudi Arabia, it represents approximately 10-15% of all colorectal carcinoma. The main etiological cause of mucinous adenocarcinoma is yet not well understood. The main goal of our study is to discuss the histopathology and the molecular background of mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma and also to provide an update on its prognosis and therapeutics from recent published literature...

RATIONALE: The bleeding of Dieulafoy lesion predominantly involves the proximal stomach and leads to severe gastrointestinal bleeding. However, these lesions have also been reported in the whole gastrointestinal tract. Bleeding of Dieulafoy lesions at the anastomosis was seldomly reported and was very easy to be ignored clinically. PATIENT CONCERNS: We describe a 72-year-old woman with a past history of surgery for rectal carcinoma hospitalized with chief complaint of massive rectal bleeding...

Congenial neutropenia is a rare genetic disorder that puts individuals at risk of life-threatening bacterial infections early in life, and the current standard of care includes the use of colony-stimulating factors or curative intent bone marrow transplant. Cancer treatment strategies that include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy present significant challenges to an individual with a baseline immunodeficiency as seen in this condition. Evidence-based national guidelines aid physicians and patients in moving through complex cancer care regimens...

Ritlecitinib, an oral Janus kinase 3/tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma family inhibitor, was evaluated in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in a phase 2b trial. Model-informed drug development strategies were applied to bridge observations from phase 2b to predictions for a proposed phase 3 study design to assess the probability of achieving the target efficacy outcome. A longitudinal exposure-response model of the time course of the 4 Mayo subscores (rectal bleeding, stool frequency, physician's global assessment, and endoscopic subscore) in patients with UC receiving placebo or ritlecitinib was developed using population modeling approaches and an item response theory framework...

Cancer is a well-recognized risk factor for thromboembolic events and thromboembolism. This case report presents the rare coexistence of rectal carcinoma and pulmonary artery thrombosis in a female patient. A 44-year-old female presented with complaints of abdominal pain, vomiting, and obstipation. She had recently been diagnosed with rectal carcinoma. She had not undergone any invasive procedures in the past. Given the possibility of intestinal obstruction, an exploratory laparotomy was performed, followed by retrocolic gastrojejunostomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis with a feeding JT tube insertion...

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is a rare form of adenocarcinoma that is diagnosed based on immuno-histochemical findings reminiscent of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The clinical characteristics of HAC include increased levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein and a poor prognosis due to early liver metastasis. In particular, diagnosing liver metastasis of HAC can be challenging owing to radiological findings similar to those of HCC. Although HAC can occur in various organs, the stomach is the most common site. We present the case of a 64-year-old femalewho presented with multiple tumors in the liver...

BACKGROUND: Temporary ileostomy (TI) has proven effective in reducing the severity of anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer surgery; however, some ileostomies fail to reverse over time, leading to conversion into a permanent stoma (PS). In this study, we aimed to investigate the preoperative risk factors and cumulative incidence of TI non-closure after sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a meta-analysis after searching the Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases from their inception until November 2023...

Background : Local excision by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is considered an acceptable treatment for rectal adenomas with high-grade dysplasia (HGD). This study aims to assess the likelihood of harboring an invasive carcinoma in preoperatively diagnosed HGD polyps and evaluate the risk factors for tumor recurrence in patients with final HGD pathology. Methods : Data from patients who underwent TEM procedures for adenomatous lesions with HGD from 2005 to 2018 at the Rabin Medical Center, Hasharon Hospital, were analyzed...

(1) Introduction : The laparoscopic approach to low pelvic tumors is challenging and hindered by suboptimal tumor visualization and dissection, with possible oncological failure. Stereotactic navigation provides real-time image guidance that may optimize safety, accuracy, and precision when dissecting challenging low pelvic tumors. (2) Methods: Preoperative CT images were acquired with eight skin-fixed fiducials and loaded into a navigation system. A patient tracker was mounted on the bed side. Patient-to-image paired point registration was performed, and an instrument tracker was mounted on a laparoscopic instrument and calibrated for instrument tracking...

Liver transplantation (LT) revolutionized the outlook for cirrhotic patients, offering a potential cure with over 80% life expectancy after 5 years. Cirrhosis, with or without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the primary LT indication. Living donor LT (LDLT) initially explored as an alternative, declined due to poorer outcomes. Studies on LDLT improved outcomes through precise recipient selection, emphasizing the importance of careful donor/recipient matching. Emerging concepts like left lobe preference and minimally invasive donor approaches enhance LDLT outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Anal adenocarcinoma is rare with no standardized treatment regimen or staging system. Therefore, different combinations of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery are used in management. Within the staging system, tumor stage can be based on the depth of invasion, as for rectal adenocarcinoma, or size, as in anal squamous cell carcinoma. This study aimed to analyze patterns of care and clinically available staging systems for anal adenocarcinoma using a national database. METHODS: Adults diagnosed with anal adenocarcinoma were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004-2019)...

BACKGROUND: The studies have shown that GS given after assessment of the entire prostate gland on the radical prostatectomy specimen may differ from GS given after examination of a small sample from needle core biopsy. We conducted this study to assess discrepancies in the Gleason score between NCB and RP specimens and to find out the correlation between the clinical stage and pathological stage. METHODS: The study included 174 patients with carcinoma prostate which underwent robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP)...

INTRODUCTION: Mutations of CHEK2 are usually inherited and have been implicated in breast cancers, colorectal cancers, thyroid cancers, kidney cancers, and prostate cancers. The CHEK2 gene codes for checkpoint kinase 2 protein which is an effector in the ATM-CHEK2-p53 pathway and responds to DNA double-strand breaks. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a unique case of a 29-year-old Canadian female who presented with synchronous papillary thyroid carcinoma and rectal adenocarcinoma who was subsequently found to have a sporadic CHEK2 (checkpoint kinase 2) mutation...

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) represents the third most common cancer and the second highest cause of cancer-related death in the United States. CRC is particularly prevalent in patients with underlying inflammatory bowel disease. Adenocarcinoma represents more than 90% of new CRC diagnoses. The mucinous subtype of colorectal adenocarcinoma is found in approximately 10-20% of all colorectal cancer patients and is most frequently located in the proximal colon. We report a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from the rectal stump of a patient who had previously undergone subtotal-colectomy with end ileostomy for Crohn's disease...

Prosopagnosia, also referred to as "face blindness," is a type of visual agnosia characterized by a decreased capacity to recognize familiar faces with a preserved ability to identify individuals based on non-facial visual traits or voice. Prosopagnosia can be categorized as developmental (DP) or acquired (AP) owing to a variety of underlying conditions, including trauma, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, neuroinfections, and, less frequently, malignancies. Facial recognition is a complex process in which different neuronal networks are involved...

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the long-term oncological outcomes and postoperative anal, urinary, and sexual functions after laparoscopic surgery for clinical stage I very low rectal carcinoma located near the anal canal. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Laparoscopic surgery is widely applied for rectal cancer; however, concerns remain, with some studies showing poorer outcomes compared to open surgery. METHODS: This single-arm, phase II trial included patients registered preoperatively from 47 institutions in Japan...

BACKGROUND: Microsatellite instability (MSI) is an important prognosticator for colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study aimed to assess the impact of MSI status on the characteristics and outcomes of early-onset compared to late-onset rectal cancer. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used data from the US National Cancer Database (2004-2019) to assess the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, short-term outcomes, and overall survival (OS) of early-onset rectal adenocarcinoma affecting patients < 50 years compared to late-onset rectal adenocarcinoma according to the MSI status...

BACKGROUND: Docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) chemotherapy is reportedly an effective treatment strategy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA). However, studies regarding its use in Japanese patients remain scarce. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we present the case of an 82-year-old woman with SCCA, cStage IIIB. Chemoradiotherapy was initiated after colostomy of the anorectal mass; however, para-aortic lymph node recurrence was observed 3 months after treatment completion...

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