Bowel tumor

Objective: While low anterior resection avoided a permanent stoma, it might also cause bowel dysfunction which can significantly impact patients' quality of life. The objective of this study was to identify the incidence and risk factors for the development of bowel dysfunction following rectal surgery. Methods: Patients undergoing anterior resection for rectal neoplasm between January 2010 and December 2015 were identified from a rectal cancer database at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Hospital...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Nonadherence is a risk factor of disease worsening in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We analyzed the frequency, predictors, and clinical outcomes of patients with IBD who are lost to follow-up in outpatient clinics. METHODS: Medical records of 784 IBD patients visiting our IBD clinic between January 2010 and December 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. Overall, 285 newly diagnosed IBD patients who were followed up for at least 12 months were included in the analysis...

BACKGROUND: Practice guidelines recommend screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection prior to initiating treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy. However, the adherence to these screening guidelines and the clinical outcomes of HBV reactivation following anti-TNF use are not well known. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study using the Veterans Health Administration datasets for IBD patients with filled prescriptions for anti-TNFs from 2003 to 2011...

Purpose: The National Cancer Institute is the only referral centre in Malaysia that provides 68 Ga-DOTA-peptide imaging. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of 68 Ga-DOTA-peptide PET/CT on the management of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours (GI-NET). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to review the impact of 68 Ga-DOTA-peptide (68 Ga-DOTATATE or 68 Ga-DOTATOC) PET/CT on patients with biopsy-proven GI-NET between January 2011 and December 2015...

BACKGROUND: Alpinetin is a flavonoid isolated from Alpinia katsumadai Hayata that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-tumor activities. However, alpinetin has not been widely studied in amelioration of inflammatory bowel disease. The study aimed to investigate the role of alpinetin on intestinal epithelial tight junctions, oxidative stress and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. METHODS: A total of 40 mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 8/group): control group, DSS group (received 3% DSS), and low, medium and high-dose treatment groups (3% DSS + alpinetin 25, 50 and 100mg/kg)...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate urinary tract and bowel function in children with sacrococcygeal teratoma, compare the findings with healthy children, and assess predictors of poor outcome. STUDY DESIGN: This was a controlled cohort study of all patients operated for sacrococcygeal teratoma at a tertiary pediatric surgery center, 2000-2013. Urinary and bowel function were compared with healthy control patients matched for age and sex. Perioperative and histopathologic risk factors were analyzed...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The risk of infection associated with tumor necrosis factor antagonists (anti-TNF) and thiopurines (combination therapy) is uncertain. We assessed the risk of serious and opportunistic infections in patients with IBD treated with thiopurine monotherapy, anti-TNF monotherapy, or combination therapy in a large cohort of patients in France. METHODS: We performed a nationwide population-based study of patients (18 years or older) with a diagnosis of IBD in the French national health insurance database; we collected data from January 1, 2009 until December 31, 2014...

BACKGROUND: Surgery for the treatment of recurrent pelvic malignancy is challenging. Sphincter-preserving surgery (SPS) has been applied in limited cases. Transanal endoscopic approach (TEA) has been used for primary rectal cancer, predominantly for hybrid transabdominal-transanal total mesorectal excision. Here, we describe the use of TEA as a hybrid approach in a case of recurrent ovarian cancer. CASE PRESENTATION: A 59-year-old woman had recurrence of serous ovarian adenocarcinoma in the vaginal stump, near the site of anastomosis from a rectal resection 18 months previously...

The patients had Hartmann's operation for rectal cancer when she was 61 years old. After that, she underwent the operation for small bowel cancer when she was 68 years old. After 5 months, the only metastatic lesion was detected near the Scolon stoma. For the first therapy, She received chemotherapy(mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab)and had a reducing effect. She was introduced to our hospital for the purpose of resection of the recurrent lesion. CT scan detected a nodule near the Scolon stoma with FDG uptake for PET-CT scan...

A man in his 70s presented with a chiefcomplaint ofbleeding during bowel movements. Subsequent colonoscopy revealed a submucosal tumor-like elevated lesion ofapproximately 4 cm situated in the sigmoid section ofthe rectum. EUS-FNAB was performed, and the lesion was identified as mucinous cancer. Based on a diagnosis of rectal cancer(cT4a, cN0, cM0, cStage II), a low anterior resection was performed. Histopathological analysis of the resected specimen revealed a well-differentiated mucinous cancer. The tumor had ruptured the proper muscular layer and was developing in a submucosal tumor-like manner, protruding from the wall within a fibrous capsule...

OBJECTIVE: The clinical behavior of gastrointestinal stromal tumors is divergent. The aim of the present study was to define the clinicopathological features that determine the patient's outcome. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Sixty-five gastrointestinal stromal tumors were reviewed with their histological, immunohistochemical and clinical features and compared with their clinical outcome statistically. RESULTS: Tumors were located in the stomach (n=39, 60%), small intestine (n=22, 33...

Aim: Since anatomical and geometric variations occur with every fraction, planning, and dose optimization is necessary for every fraction of high-dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy of carcinoma cervix. In this study, we have tried to quantify the differences in doses to organs at risk (OAR) for each fraction of brachytherapy. Methods and Materials: One hundred and seventy computed tomography datasets of cervical cancer patients receiving intracavitary brachytherapy at our institution between January and April 2015 were analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intractable autoimmune disorder that markedly deteriorates one's quality of life. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) alleviate inflammation by modulating inflammatory cytokines in inflamed tissues, and have been suggested as a promising alternative for IBD treatment in human and veterinary cases. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor-α-induced gene/protein 6 (TSG-6) is a key factor influencing MSC immunomodulatory properties; however, the precise mechanism of TSG-6 release from canine MSCs in IBD remains unclear...

BACKGROUND: Pelvic exenteration carries significant risks of morbidity and mortality. Preoperative management is therefore crucial, and the exenteration procedure is usually performed in an elective setting. In cases of rectal cancer, however, tumor-related complications may cause a patient's condition to deteriorate rapidly, despite optimal management. Urgent pelvic exenteration then may be an option for these patients. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the outcomes of pelvic exenteration between the urgent and elective settings...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has emerged as a useful tool to optimize the use of drug therapies in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), especially during the use of biological therapies, for which the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are highly variable among patients. Fewer data exist in children. This review examines the current literature on TDM in pediatric IBD. RECENT FINDINGS: Drug clearance is affected by a number of patient and disease factors...

Background: Low anti-tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) serum concentrations may result in lack of treatment response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We determined the anti-TNFα drug concentrations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and investigated whether or not subtherapeutic drug concentrations were associated with increased levels of disease activity. Methods: In a single-center cross-sectional study, we included patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease who were receiving infliximab or adalimumab maintenance therapy...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that is caused by multiple factors, including dysfunction of the immune system and genetic and epigenetic alterations. Aberrant epigenetic regulation, especially histone acetylation, was found in biopsies from IBD patients and mouse models of colitis, suggesting that an epigenetic treatment approach may be useful for IBD therapy. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis...

OBJECTIVE: Space-occupying spinal metastases (SM), commonly diagnosed because of acute neurological deterioration, consequently lead to immediate decompression with tumor removal or debulking. In this study, we analyzed a series of patients with surgically treated spinal metastases and explicitly sought to determine individual predictors of functional outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 94 patients (26 women, 68 men; mean age 64.0 years) with spinal metastases, who had been surgically treated at our department, were included retrospectively...

Capsule endoscopy (CE) opened a new method for visualization of the small intestine. We here further explore its clinical implications.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical benefit of CE in view of medical history, diagnostics, and therapy. Our patient collective consisted of 203 patients. CE was investigated in the context of bleeding, anemia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, Crohn's disease, and suspected tumors.The study collective consisted of 118 male and 85 female patients with a mean age of 58 years (range 8-90 years)...

BACKGROUND: Cholesterol crystal embolism (CCE) is caused by small crystals of cholesterol dispersed from atherosclerotic plaques of the aorta. There is an increasing interest in CCE because of the increased use of endovascular treatments. Here, we report a rare case of intestinal stenosis caused by CCE after functional end-to-end anastomosis (FEEA). To our knowledge, this is the first report of CCE causing such an anastomotic stenosis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 77-year-old male patient underwent laparoscopy-assisted low anterior resection and protective ileostomy for rectal carcinoid tumor...