Bowel tumor

An unusual case of a jejunal mesenteric pseudocyst treated by laparoscopic resection is reported. A 44-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with intermittent upper abdominal pain and diarrhea. Physical examination revealed slight periumbilical tenderness, and no masses were palpable. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a 4-cm-sized nonenhancing high-density mass with a heterogeneous pattern on a proximal small bowel loop. Based on these findings, a gastrointestinal stromal tumor accompanied by hemorrhagic and cystic change, a mesenteric hematoma, or a desmoid tumor was diagnosed...

Ganglioneuromas are very rare clinical entities, and their occurrence in the large bowel lays further emphasis on their rarity. Ganglioneuromas are benign tumors of undifferentiated neural crest cells. Their clinical presentation is mostly asymptomatic, and if any symptoms are present at all, they are usually nonspecific, with excellent prognosis. We report an asymptomatic, 65-year-old male with a solitary ascending colonic polyp found on screening colonoscopy. Histology revealed benign polypoid spindle-cell proliferation as well as S100 reactivity, consistent with ganglioneuroma...

Background: As costs of cancer care rise, the importance of documenting value in oncology increases. Proton beam radiotherapy (PBT) has the potential to reduce toxicities in cancer patients, but is relatively expensive and unproven. Evaluating quality of life (QOL) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is essential to establishing PBT's "value" in oncologic therapy. The goal of this systematic review was to assess QOL and PROs in patients treated with PBT. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-guided systematic searches were conducted...

PURPOSE: The treatment outcomes for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been improving, but the development of better therapies is needed. Stem cell therapy is promising, but little is known about the differences in adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) between IBD patients and healthy individuals. METHODS: ADSCs were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in IBD (Crohn's disease, 3; ulcerative colitis, 2) and non-IBD (colorectal cancer, 5; breast cancer, 1) patients...

De novo hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) post-transplantation in patients without viral hepatitis is extremely rare, with only three reported adult cases in the English literature. Here, we present a case of de novo HCC that developed in a 7-year-old female, who at 8 months of age received a liver, small bowel, spleen, and pancreas transplantation 6.5 years ago for gastroschisis and total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-related cirrhosis. The post-transplant course was complicated by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, and subsequent development of multifocal EBV-associated post-transplant smooth muscle tumors (EBV-PTSMT) in the small bowel 1 year and 10 months after transplantation, respectively...

Because anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy has become increasingly popular in many Asian countries, the risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) among anti-TNF users may raise serious health problems in this region. Thus, the Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and the Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology have developed a set of consensus statements about risk assessment, detection and prevention of latent TB infection, and management of active TB infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving anti-TNF treatment...

Because anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy has become increasingly popular in many Asian countries, the risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) among anti-TNF users may raise serious health problems in this region. Thus, the Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and the Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology have developed a set of consensus statements about risk assessment, detection and prevention of latent TB infection, and management of active TB infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving anti-TNF treatment...

PURPOSE: The role of radiotherapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer is controversial. A benefit of additional radiotherapy is supported by some observations. A dose-effect relationship was recently found by dose escalation employing image guided and intensity modulated radiotherapy. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 28 consecutive patients, all with history of extensive prior therapies for unresectable locally advanced/ recurrent pancreatic cancer (LAPC/LRPC)...

BACKGROUND: T lymphocytes exert important homeostatic functions in the healthy intestinal mucosa, whereas in case of colorectal cancer (CRC), infiltration of T lymphocytes into the tumor is crucial for an effective anti-tumor immune response. In both situations, the recruitment mechanisms of T lymphocytes into the tissues are essential for the immunological functions deciding the outcome. The recruitment of T lymphocytes is largely dependent on their expression of various chemokine receptors...

RATIONALE: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are rare neoplastic lesions with benign tendency. Even more rare are IMTs from the greater omentum (GO-IMT). A GO-IMT is easily misdiagnosed as other malignant tumors before operation; thus, clinicians need to be familiar with its imaging findings. Here, we report the imaging findings of a GO-IMT patient presenting with a pelvic mass. PATIENT CONCERNS: Ultrasound of the IMT in the pelvic cavity showed a hypoechoic mass...

BACKGROUND: If treatment with intravenous steroids fail, inflammatory bowel disease patients with acute severe colitis face systemic anti-tumor necrosis factor biologic rescue therapy or colectomy. Interleukin (IL)-27 is a cytokine with an immunosuppressive role in adaptive immune responses. However, the IL-27 receptor complex is also expressed on innate immune cells, and there is evidence that IL-27 can impact the function of innate cell subsets, although this particular functionality in vivo is not understood...

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, an increasing number of people are submitted to colonoscopy, either for screening or for therapeutic purposes. AIM: To evaluate whether there are advantages of using carbon dioxide (CO2) over air for insufflation. METHODS: Two hundred and ten of 219 patients were considered eligible for this study and were randomized into two groups according to the gas insufflation used: Air Group (n=104) and CO2 Group (n=97). The study employed a double-blind design...

The pharmacological therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases continues to be problematic, and requires new alternative options. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that carvacrol (CAR), a phenolic monoterpene with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, can treat experimental colitis in mice. C57BL/6 mice (n=8/group) were subjected to intrarectal administration of acetic acid (5%) to induce colitis. Mice were pretreated with CAR (25, 50 or 100mg/kg, p.o.) every 12h for three days prior to the induction...

PURPOSE: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for pancreatic cancer requires a skillful approach to deliver ablative doses to the tumor while limiting dose to the highly sensitive duodenum, stomach, and small bowel. Here, we develop knowledge-based artificial neural network dose models (ANN-DMs) to predict dose distributions that would be approved by experienced physicians. METHODS: Arc-based SBRT treatment plans for 43 pancreatic cancer patients were planned, delivering 30-33 Gy in five fractions...

Despite the proven efficacy of biological drugs for inflammatory bowel disease, these therapies are costly and do carry some risks, providing incentive for exploring strategies to discontinue therapy in patients with prolonged remission. We presently review multiple cohort studies indicating the overall risk of relapse after stopping an anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in inflammatory bowel disease patients is roughly 40% at 12 months after therapy cessation. Despite methodological differences across studies, it appears that patients without deep remission (ie, patients with endoscopic or biomarker evidence of inflammation) are at increased risk of relapse after stopping anti-TNF, as are those with high-adequate levels of anti-TNF before stopping...

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: Postoperative diaphragmatic hernia, following liver resection, is a rare complication. METHODS: Data of patients who underwent major hepatectomy for liver tumors, between 2011 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The literature was searched for studies reporting the occurrence of diaphragmatic hernia following liver resection. RESULTS: Diaphragmatic hernia developed in 2.3% of patients (3/131) with a median delay of 14 months (4-31 months)...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Small bowel (SB) accounts for the majority of gastrointestinal tract but its tumors are rare and always overlooked. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of SB tumors. METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study utilized endoscopy database from 2006/11 to 2016/07. Baseline demographic characteristics, clinical, radiologic and endoscopic findings were collected. RESULTS: Totally 103 (34 benign, 69 malignant lesions) patients with SB tumors in 1070 enteroscopic examinations were enrolled...

BACKGROUND: Complete cytoreductive surgery (CRS), combining organ resection and peritonectomy, is the only potentially curative treatment for patients with peritoneal metastases (PM).1 (,) 2 Diffuse mesenteric PM usually represents a contraindication for CRS.3 This report presents a standardized total mesenteric peritonectomy, which provides a therapeutic option of complete CRS for patients with diffuse mesenteric PM. PATIENT: A 73-year-old man had a diagnosis of PM caused by an urachal adenocarcinoma (signet cell type)...

BACKGROUND: Hydrolyzed diets are used in companion animals for the diagnosis and treatment of adverse food reaction. Similarly, hydrolyzed formulas are used in human infants with severe inflammatory bowel disease or milk allergy, and these must meet the standard of hypoallergenicity through rigorous testing. Unfortunately, no standards are currently applied to hydrolyzed veterinary therapeutic diets, and data for the immunogenicity of feline diets is also not available. Therefore, the main aim of this pilot study was to determine if ex-vivo whole blood stimulation assays could be used to characterize the cytokine response to hydrolyzed commercial diets in a small number of individual healthy immunotolerant cats...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Stroma is a broad term referring to the connective tissue matrix in which other cells reside. It is composed of diverse cell types with functions such as extracellular matrix maintenance, blood and lymph vessel development, and effector cell recruitment. The tissue microenvironment is determined by the molecular characteristics and relative abundances of different stromal cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes, and mesenchymal precursor cells. Stromal cell heterogeneity is explained by embryonic developmental lineage, stages of differentiation to other cell types, and activation states...