Pediatric residency program

INTRODUCTION: Pediatric Neurosurgery as a subspeciality started to emerge during the late 1950s, with only a few dedicated pediatric neurosurgeons in the Western world. Over the last few decades, the awareness that children require subspecialized care by dedicated pediatric neurosurgeons and an interdisciplinary team has been growing worldwide, leading to an increase in pediatric neurosurgeons. Several studies have shown that subspecialized care for pediatric patients improves outcomes and is cost-effective...

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study is to examine the factors contributing to the development of eating behavior in overweight and obese children from the perspective of the family system. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted by using convenience sampling method to select 388 participants in two primary schools in Jiangsu, China. Individual, family and social-related factors were collected. Individual factors included age, gender, ethnicity, single child, social anxiety, depression, physical activity, sleep duration, screen time...

BACKGROUND: Lack of communication in a family's preferred language is inequitable and results in inferior care. Pediatric residents provide care to many families with non-English or French language preferences (NEFLP). There is no data available about how Canadian pediatric residents use interpreters, making it difficult to develop targeted interventions to improve patient experience. OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to assess translation services in pediatric training centers and evaluate resident perception of their clinical skills when working with NEFLP patients and families...

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between socioeconomic disparities and missed clinic visits (MCV). However, the relationship between patient-preferred language and MCVs, particularly with respect to telemedicine, remains relatively underexplored. We sought to characterize the associations between MCV and patient-level predictors, including preferred language, in a large single-center pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition practice. METHODS: This retrospective longitudinal cohort study included all missed or completed outpatient visits in the Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Programs at Boston Children's Hospital from January 1, 2016 to May 20, 2022...

OBJECTIVE: To assess nationally endorsed claims-based quality measures in pediatric sickle cell anemia (SCA). METHODS: Using data from the Sickle Cell Data Collection programs in California and Georgia from 2010 to 2019, we evaluated 2 quality measures in individuals with hemoglobin S/S or S/β-zero thalassemia: (1) the proportion of patients aged 3 months to 5 years who were dispensed antibiotic prophylaxis for at least 300 days within each measurement year and (2) the proportion of patients aged 2 to 15 years who received at least 1 transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) within each measurement year...

BACKGROUND: Premedication in neonates undergoing elective intubation effectively minimizes the negative physiological events of bradycardia, systemic hypertension, intracranial hypertension, and hypoxia. Premedication decreases procedure-related pain and discomfort. This study aimed to evaluate the current practice of pre-intubation medications for non-emergent intubations in preterm and term neonates in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey (Appendix) was sent via e-mail to all level 3 and 4 Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) of the Organization of Neonatal Perinatal Medicine Training Program Directors (ONTPD), NICU directors with pediatric residency only, and Baylor Scott and White Health, Mednax, and Envision health services systems...

Background Handoffs serve a critical patient safety function in the transition between caregivers. In 2006, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations strongly recommended the implementation of "a standardized approach to 'handoff' communications, including an opportunity to ask and respond to questions." Numerous studies have investigated the quality and efficacy of patient handoffs and the utility of structured handoff curriculums, particularly in the context of patient safety and outcomes...

Academic Pediatrics has been the official journal of the Association of Pediatric Program Directors (APPD) since 2009. The View from the APPD section of the journal is an important destination to highlight APPD members' scholarship regarding issues impacting residency and fellowship training. Since 2020, the annual commentary (Re)View from the APPD summarizes articles published in View over the past year, including their alignment with the overall APPD mission, values, and organizational priorities. This year's (Re)View summarizes the articles published over the past year, with commentary on how the scholarship aligns with APPD values...

Exposure to pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) varies across residency programs in obstetrics and gynecology, family medicine, and pediatrics, as well as both adolescent medicine and PAG fellowship programs. Nevertheless, these programs are responsible for training residents and fellows and providing opportunities to fulfill PAG learning objectives. To that end, the North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology (NASPAG) has taken a leadership role in PAG trainee education by creating and maintaining this Short Curriculum...

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to evaluate pediatric residents' lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and all sexual and gender diverse (LGBTQ+) care. METHOD: In June 2022, U.S. pediatric residents completed an anonymous online survey including the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender-Development of Clinical Skills Scale (LGBT-DOCSS). RESULTS: Pediatric residents (n = 78) reported low-to-moderate annual amounts of LGBT curricular hours (3...

PURPOSE: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) instruction is prevalent in medical schools but not in pediatric residency programs, even though the majority of pediatric residents desire POCUS instruction. Virtual ultrasound instruction with affordable handheld ultrasound devices may help remedy this deficiency by allowing qualified instructors to circumvent geographic and financial limitations to reach this population. This study sought to determine if virtual ultrasound instruction is an effective alternative to traditional in-person instruction in a cohort of pediatric residents for the extended Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (eFAST) exam...

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to elicit perceived benefits and downsides of X+Y scheduling for combined Internal Medicine-Pediatrics (Med-Peds) residents via focus groups. METHODS: Five focus groups were conducted with Med-Peds residents in participating programs which utilized X+Y scheduling. Onefocus group was held per participating institution. Each focus group was facilitated by a chief resident from a different participating institution. Questions were developed by the study team after a review of the literature and local experience with X+Y scheduling and included open-ended questions...

BACKGROUND: Good oral health is an integral part of overall child health. However, immune-deficient states like the presence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) will compromise oral health and salivary bacterial composition, leading to adverse oral conditions. Nigeria has 1.9 million HIV-positive residents, and 0.2% of incident HIV infections occur among children below 15 years. AIM: This study aims to determine through a randomized control study, the effect of an educational intervention on the oral health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of HIV-positive children presenting to five pediatric HIV clinics in Kano, Nigeria...

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction, loneliness, and depression in adolescents. DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was designed in a correlational-cross-sectional-descriptive model and was conducted with 1041 adolescents attending high schools in a provincial center in Eastern Turkey. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a personal information form, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version for Adolescents, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale...

PURPOSE: Despite educational mandates to assess resident teaching competence, limited instruments with validity evidence exist for this purpose. Existing instruments do not allow faculty to assess resident-led teaching in a large group format or whether teaching was interactive. This study gathers validity evidence on the use of the Resident-led Large Group Teaching Assessment Instrument (Relate), an instrument used by faculty to assess resident teaching competency. Relate comprises 23 behaviors divided into six elements: learning environment, goals and objectives, content of talk, promotion of understanding and retention, session management, and closure...

BACKGROUND: Residency programs are required to offer a didactic curriculum and protect resident time for education. Our institution implemented an Academic Half Day (AHD) in the 2021-2022 academic year to address issues related to the standard noon conference series. OBJECTIVE: Determine the impact of AHD implementation on education, patient safety, and workflow. METHODS: This was a prospective, single-site educational intervention study. Pre- and post-implementation surveys and ACGME surveys assessed changes in trainee and faculty attitudes and behaviors...

INTRODUCTION: Children with tracheostomies are high risk for morbidity and mortality. Pediatric resident physicians are not routinely taught skills to care for this vulnerable patient population. Few reports link educational interventions to improved patient outcomes. This study evaluates the impact of an intensive educational training program on pediatric residents' observed skills and tracheostomy-dependent patient outcomes. METHODS: Pediatric post-graduate year 2 (PGY2) resident physicians rotating through the inpatient pediatric pulmonology month at Children's Hospital Colorado July 2018-2019 participated in the Pediatric Resident Education in Pulmonary (PREP) Boot Camp, an intensive educational program with an interactive lecture and simulation experience on patients with tracheostomy-dependence...

PURPOSE: Pediatric radiotherapy is a necessary and challenging component of oncologic care for children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Collaboration between institutions in LMICs and high-income countries (HICs) has been shown to be effective in improving oncologic treatment outcomes; however, literature regarding pediatric radiotherapy twinning partnerships is limited. METHODS: Emory University has a long-standing twinning collaboration with Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) for certain medical specialties...

BACKGROUND: Point-of-care ultrasound is an invaluable bedside tool for anesthesiologists and has been integrated into anesthesiology residency training and board certification in the United States. Little is known about point-of-care ultrasound training practices in pediatric anesthesia fellowship programs. AIMS: To describe the current state of point-of-care ultrasound education in pediatric anesthesia fellowship programs in the United States. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey study distributed to 60 American Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited pediatric anesthesia fellowship programs...

INTRODUCTION: The completion of residency and start of fellowship training marks a critical transition for urologists in the pursuit of subspeciality training. Most graduating urology residents are under contract until June 30, and the majority of fellowships are scheduled to begin on July 1. There has been no investigation into the practical implications of fellowship delays in urology from a trainee perspective. Our research study aims to investigate the incidence and predictors of delays in fellowship starts...