Metabolic alcalosis

CBF decreases when arterial PCO2 is lowered by physiological, pathological or therapeutically induced hyperventilation. This is accompanied by an undelayed compensatory increase of oxygen-av-differences. Continuous monitoring of enzymatically determined glucose-av-differences of the brain during hyperventilation has for the first time shown that there is an undelayed fall of the cerebral venous glucose content, too. This indicates that the brain cells extract an augmented amount of glucose per ml blood during decreased CBF...

The sign of a traumatically caused alveolar hyperventilation in severe cranio-cerebral injury is a respiratory alcalosis as well as hypoxia and hypoxemia in the arterial as well in the cerebral veneous blood. The combination of decreased oxygen tension or saturation and hypocapnia can exist for several days and in a lethal course transform into a combined metabolic respiratory acidosis with increasing carbonic acid tension and so initiate the prefinal state. The extremely pathological blood gases are usually the first sign of shock-specific changes of the lung...

Mineralocorticoids are out of the causes of secondary hypertension. Excess production of mineralocorticoids induces sodium and fluid retention, loss of potassium and metabolic alcalosis. The diagnosis of mineralocorticoid syndromes depends on the interpretation of the functional status of the renin-mineralocorticoid-system, which is in part responsible for the maintenance of normal blood pressure. The classical representative of this group is the syndrome of primary aldosteronism. Causes of mineralocorticoid syndromes associated with hypertension are: 1...

Description of 23 patients (21 women, 2 men) with an average age of 36.6 (19--68) years, who were hypokalemic during 6.5 years on the average (range 1/2--16 years). The cause of the potassium depletion was malnutrition (anorexia nervosa, vomiting) and/or abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics. With increasing duration of potassium depletion renal function deteriorated; in two cases terminal renal failure developed. Histology of the kidneys (9 cases) showed the picture of chronic abacterial interstitial nephritis...

Comparison of 650 deliveries with P.A. and of 928 deliveries without P.A. during the same period. PH from the umbilical artery and 1 minute Apgar score were studied in three groups of patients: 1.) All deliveries, 2.) Spontaneous vaginal deliveries without maternal or fetal risk, 3.) Operative vaginal deliveries. The only significant differences were found among the operative vaginal deliveries: The infants of the peridural group showed a higher incidence of pH-values above 7,2 than those of the non peridural group...

High blood lactate concentrations can be achieved by means of intravenous bicarbonate infusion. Metabolic production of lactic acid in this case is a compensation mechanism for the alcalosis induced by bicarbonate. This metabolic condition is called lactate alcalosis. The meaning and the diagnostic value of the lactate/pyruvate quotient and of excess lactate are discussed. A metabolic increase of the lactate/pyruvate quotient (normal values being 10-20) can be attained during the intravenous application of polyalcohols (like xylitol or sorbitol) or of ethanol...

The dynamics of the glucose concentration and arterovenous glucose gradient was examined during different metabolic deviations in the acid-base balance. The metabolitic acidosis increased the level of sugar in the blood. A definite influence on the latter had the gravity of the acidosis and to a certain degree its pathogenetic form. The arterio-venous glucose difference changed from negative to positive with the increase of proton activity. The type of the peripheral hypoxic structure, formed during the state of acidosis influenced both the glucose gradient and its quantitative relations to the acid-base and oxygen indices...

Authors applied blood-gas analysis in 30 healthy gravid women on 3,3 occassions making out 90 cases altogether by blood samples taken from the pulp of the finger capillaries. As a control 27 healthy non-gravid women were examined for comparative analysis. In 10 cases between the 16. and 28. week the results of samples taken from the arteria femoralis and the pulp were evaluated. It has been found that in the gravidity period of the 16. and 28. week respiratory alcalosis does not appear. No metabolic changes have been found during the whole period of pregnancy...