paracetamol liver function tests

BACKGROUND: Paracetamol (PCM) overdosing induces hepatotoxicity, which can result in death if the dose is high enough and the patients are not given N-acetyl cysteine. Berberine (BBR) has a variety of biological proprieties including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. AIM: Assessment of the potential effect of BBR and selenium when used alone or together on the PCM-induced acute hepatic toxicity in rats. METHODS: This research involved 40 clinically healthy mature adult male albino rats, their weights ranged from 150 to 200 g and housed in standard conditions...

The liver is an essential organ that helps the body with immunity, metabolism, and detoxification, among other functions. Worldwide, liver illnesses are a leading cause of mortality and disability. There are few effective treatment choices, but they frequently have unfavorable side effects. Investigating the potential of medicinal plants and their bioactive phytoconstituents in the prevention and treatment of liver disorders has gained more attention in recent years. An assessment of the hepatoprotective potential of medicinal plants and their bioactive secondary metabolites is the goal of this thorough review paper...

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Paracetamol does not cause toxic effects if given in therapeutic doses, namely below 4 g per day. Use of paracetamol at a dose of more than 4 g per day can result in hepatotoxicity. This study aims to compare the hepatoprotector potency of the ethanol extract of soursop stem bark (<i>A. muricata</i>) against the enzyme activity of SGOT and SGPT in rats induced by toxic doses of paracetamol. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) comprised of 6 treatment groups and 3 replications...

Paracetamol is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drug, but at a high dose level, it leads to deleterious side effects. The need to investigate new hepatoprotective drugs is driven by the lack of safety and efficiency of existing medications. A newly synthesized compound 2', 3'-dihydroxybenzylidene (DHB) was evaluated in the present study for its antioxidant, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potential compared to ascorbic acid in paracetamol intoxicated rats. DHB and ascorbic acid were evaluated against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for assessment of the antioxidant potential...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a ubiquitously administered drug in critically ill patients. Considering the dearth of literature, we evaluated the population pharmacokinetics of intravenous acetaminophen and its principal metabolites (sulfate and glucuronide) in this population. METHODS: Critically ill adults receiving intravenous acetaminophen were included in the study. One to three blood samples were withdrawn per patient for the estimation of acetaminophen, and its metabolites (acetaminophen glucuronide and acetaminophen sulfate)...

Paspalidium flavidum (watercrown grass), a medicinal plant, is traditionally used in liver ailments and stomach problems. The hepatoprotective and gastroprotective activities of the aqueous methanol extract of Paspalidium flavidum (AMEPF) were studied in experimental animal models. Paracetamol and aspirin were used to induce hepatotoxicity and gastric ulcer in rats, respectively. Biochemical hepatic parameters, gastric pH, total acidity, ulcer index, percentage protection, nitric oxide and TNF-α were measured in AMEPF-treated groups...

BACKGROUND: Acute paracetamol toxicity is a common and potentially life-threatening emergency causing liver failure that may necessitate liver transplantation. Unfortunately, current therapies are still defective. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the protective effects exerted by Aleppo galls (Quercus infectoria Olivier) extract against acute paracetamol toxicity in mice. METHODOLOGY: Eighteen mice were divided into three experimental groups, each included six mice in each group...

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an important pathway that contributes to the pathophysiology of acute liver injury due to paracetamol toxicity. Omapatrilat, a RAAS-acting agent, inhibits both angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and neprilysin/neutral endopeptidase (NEP). The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of omapatrilat and examine the role of ACE/NEP pathway on the physiopathology of paracetamol toxicity. A total of 56 BALB/c mice were separated into seven groups: Control, 40 mg/kg omapatrilat only, 400 mg/kg paracetamol only, paracetamol and 140 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine and three groups with paracetamol and 10-40 mg/kg omapatrilat...

Intravenous paracetamol is a commonly administered analgesic and antipyretic in inpatient settings. Paracetamol is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes followed by conjugating enzymes to mainly glucuronide but to a lesser extent, sulphate metabolites, and oxidative metabolites. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CYP enzymes result in modified enzymatic activity. The present study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of SNPs related to paracetamol metabolism and principal metabolites in critically ill patients, and those with chronic kidney disease...

Anagallis arvensis ( A. arvensis ) belonging to the family Primulaceae is traditionally used for liver and kidney diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the uroprotective and hepatoprotective potentials of A. arvensis in cyclophosphamide-induced interstitial cystitis and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity rat model, respectively. Nociception, bladder weight, vesical vascular permeability, Gray's criteria for edema and hemorrhage, and levels of nitric oxide, catalase, and glutathione were estimated and studied in the cystitis model...

Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a critical health condition associated with local death of the bone tissue resulting in multifocal osteonecrosis (MFON). After a prior patient's consent, we present a case of sickle cell anemia associated with severe MFON that affected both long bones and short bones. She had a positive history of DVT. Initially, she presented with generalized severe bone pain with fever for seven days that got worse on the day of admission, a picture suggestive of sickle cell anemia-induced vaso-occlusive crisis...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) and Coptis chinensis (CC) are widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for "heat-clearing and damp-drying" and "purging fire and detoxifying". SB-CC are commonly used as a herbal pair for synergistic treatment of various diseases such as bacteria-related infections, metabolic syndromes, and some inflammatory disorders. This herbal pair is commonly used in many famous TCM formula, like Huang-Lian-Jie-Du, Gegen-Qinlian, Banxia Xiexin decoction...

The HepaRG cell line represents a successful model for hepatotoxicity studies. These cells are of human origin and are differentiated in vitro into mature and functional hepatocyte-like cells. The objective of this research was to compare two different culture protocols, Sison-Young et al. 2017 (hereinafter referred as Sison) and Gripon et al. 2002 (hereinafter referred as Biopredic) for HepaRG cells in order to optimise this model for drug metabolism and toxicity testing studies. HepaRG cells obtained from the same batch were cultured according to the described protocols...

AIMS: To describe paracetamol dosing and liver function test (LFT) monitoring in older hospital inpatients who are frail or have low body weight. METHODS: Retrospective observational study, at a 790-bed metropolitan public health service in Australia. Patients aged ≥70 years, with body weight <50 kg or frailty index based on laboratory data (FI-Lab) score ≥0.3, who were administered paracetamol during an admission with length-of-stay >72 hours, were included...

BACKGROUND: In open-heart surgeries, many organ functions, particularly the respiratory system, are affected by post-operative pain, and so is mortality. Following open-heart surgery, geriatric patients have a higher risk of organ dysfunction and mortality. We aimed to compare the short-term outcomes and mortality of thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) and intravenous (IV) analgesia in geri-atric patients undergoing open heart surgery. METHODS: This study included patients over the age of 65 who had open-heart surgery between 2010 and 2020...

In general, paracetamol poisoning is associated with hepatotoxicity and very rarely with renal impairment in the absence of significant hepatic impairment. Paracetamol poisoning associated with renal impairment is rare, and it is mostly associated with hepatotoxicity. Most patients with acute renal impairment show a pattern of acute tubular necrosis or injury based on their blood, clinical presentation, and imaging. The level of injury was found to be associated with the dose of paracetamol taken. We describe a case of a 22-year-old patient presenting to the hospital with abdominal pain, back pain, and two episodes of vomiting after 36 hours of an intentional paracetamol overdose of 60 tablets...

BACKGROUND: Prevalence and clinical impact of increased liver function tests in patients affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is controversial. AIMS: This observational study evaluates the prevalence of transaminases elevation in hospitalized patients affected by COVID-19 and investigates the presence of factors associated with hepatocellular injury and with mortality. METHODS: Data of 292 adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (Switzerland) were retrospectively analyzed...

In the present study, poncirin was evaluated against paracetamol-induced liver injury using in vivo and computational approaches. Paracetamol was administered intraperitoneally (i.p,) to establish liver injury in mice and, subsequently, to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of poncirin (administered intraperitoneally) on liver injury. The effect of poncirin was evaluated against the liver injury markers and inflammatory cytokines. Similarly, in the present study, the antioxidants and oxidative stress parameters were also assessed following paracetamol-induced liver injury...

COVID-19 infection is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was declared a pandemic in 2020. Dengue fever (DF) is caused by the dengue virus (DENV) from the  Flaviviridae  family and is transmitted via the bite of the female  Aedes   aegypti  mosquito. COVID-19 pneumonia and dengue fever coinfection is a relatively difficult diagnosis to be established considering the similarities in the clinical manifestation of both diseases. I hereby report an unusual case of dual diagnosis involving COVID-19 pneumonia and dengue fever (DF) on the same day of presentation to the hospital...

It is known that the violation of one or more functions of the liver, where the basic biochemical processes take place, is reflected in the functional state of many organs and systems, causing severe consequences. For the effective treatment of the hepatobiliary system diseases the drugs from fungi and plant materials are promising, the ingredients of which are close to natural metabolites, have different mechanisms of hepatoprotective action and, in general, can have a positive effect on liver function. AIM: The aim of the research was to investigate the hepatoprotective properties of the Maitake mushrooms thick extract in the experiment on rats with paracetamol (acetaminophen)-induced hepatitis...