vulval carcinoma

INTRODUCTION: Vaginal cancer is a rare gynecologic malignancy. While in a localized disease, concurrent chemoradiation grants local control and better overall survival, in a metastatic setting, the management options are very limited. Furthermore, recurrent cervical, vulvar, and vaginal carcinomas notoriously develop resistance to treatment, and consequently, their prognosis is still poor. CASE PRESENTATION: We herein present the case of a woman with a nodal relapse of vaginal carcinoma, effectively treated with third-line immunotherapy...

A 52-year-old female presented with labial ulcer of 4-month duration. Examination showed 1 cm × 1 cm single superficial ulcer in the right labium majus. Excision was done, and histopathologic examination revealed surface ulceration and dermal invasion by epithelial neoplasm formed of biphasic proliferation of squamoid and gland-forming cells. Immunohistochemical staining with p63 showed nuclear staining of the squamoid nests and was negative in areas with glandular differentiation, while epithelial membrane antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen highlighted the glandular elements...

The aim was to demonstrate that the technique of near infrared range/indocyanine green (NIR/ICG) could aid the detection of inguinal sentinel lymph nodes in patients with vulvar cancer, in addition to technetium-99m (Tc-99m) scanning. We present a case report of sentinel lymph node detection in a patient with vulvar cancer with two methods: Tc-99m scan and NIR/ICG. The video showed that bilateral inguinal lymph nodes were detected both by Tc gamma probe and NIR/ICG. NIR/ICG may be a safe and effective alternative method for identifying sentinel lymph nodes in cases of early-stage vulvar cancer, although more evidence is required...

INTRODUCTION: More and more studies have focused on the associations between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and pan-cancers. However, current evidence is largely based on retrospective studies, which are susceptible to confounding factors and do not enable the establishment of causal relationships. METHODS: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design was employed to thoroughly evaluate the causal relationships between HPV and 12 site-specific cancers except cervical cancer...

A 10-year-old, spayed female, Domestic Shorthaired cat was referred for surgical removal of a mass on the left vulval fold. An impression smear revealed mixed cell inflammation, with eosinophils predominating focally, and a concurrent bacterial infection, suggesting a primarily inflammatory lesion. However, cytology of a fine-needle aspirate of the mass revealed a neoplastic epithelial cell population, confirmed on histopathology as an apocrine vulval adenocarcinoma with lymphatic invasion and marked tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia...

INTRODUCTION: Primary urethral carcinoma is a rare disease with overall poorer outcomes in the past. It is relatively more uncommon in female sex. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We present a case of a female with primary urethral carcinoma that presented atypically as a vulval mass without any features of storage, voiding lower urinary tract symptoms, or gross haematuria. DISCUSSION: As primary urethral carcinoma is rare in occurrence, prospective studies are limited so as the recommendations to guide treatment options...

Background: Extraocular sebaceous carcinoma (SC) arising in the vulva is extremely rare that no treatment consensus has been well-defined. Case presentation: We here presented two cases of vulval SC in a 31-year-old and a 62-year-old woman, respectively. Radical wide local excision was performed with free margin and they received no postoperative adjuvant therapy. No evidence of disease was detected after follow-ups for 12 months and 49 months, respectively. A comprehensive literature review of vulval SC was further conducted and other ten cases were included...

Vulval tumours are rare, representing merely 4% of all gynaecological neoplasms. 98% of vulvar lesions are benign, and only 2% are malignant. Of all vulvar malignancies, while squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy, leiomyosarcomas of the vulva are extremely rare. Usually these tumours have nonspecific clinical manifestations, often leading to misdiagnoses of Bartholin cysts or abscesses. We describe a case of a 47-year-old woman who presented with a nonspecific painless swelling in the left vulva for 2 months which was diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma of the vulva on biopsy as well as resection...

INTRODUCTION: The vulva and vagina are of great significance to womanhood owing to the myriads of specialized functions they perform. The diseases of this organ have physical, social, mental, and psychological ramifications. The aim of this work is to study the pathological pattern and clinical presentation of diseases of the vulva and vagina at the Department of Anatomical Pathology and Forensic Medicine of the Jos University Teaching Hospital between 1st January 2011 and December 31st, 2020...

BACKGROUND: Lichen sclerosus (LSc) is a chronic, inflammatory, destructive skin disease with a predilection for the genitalia (GLSc). An association with vulval (Vu) and penile (Pe) squamous carcinoma (SCC) is now well established but melanoma (MM) has only rarely been reported complicating GLSc. METHODS: We have performed a systematic literature review of GLSc in patients with genital melanoma (GMM). Only articles that mentioned both GMM and LSc affecting either the penis or vulva were included...

BACKGROUND: Bartholin's gland carcinoma (BGC) accounts for approximately 5% of all vulval malignancies-making it an extremely rare malignancy of the female genital tract. It commonly manifests as a painless unilateral mass, near the introitus. BGC more commonly occurs in post-menopausal women. Unfortunately, over half of cases are associated with a missed or delayed diagnosis as it is often mistaken for a Bartholin's gland cyst or abscess. These tumours have a predilection for local and perineural invasion...

Under 10% of gynaecological cancers are diagnosed in the vulva and vagina, mostly squamous cell carcinomas. Melanoma, Paget disease, basal cell carcinomas, and other cancers can present with vulval/vaginal symptoms. The pathology information system of a tertiary referral center for vulvo-vaginal cancers was searched for cancers of the vulva and vagina from 1996 to 2019. Squamous carcinomas were excluded, and the remaining entities were catalogued. A total of 221 nonsquamous cancers were found, including 135 vaginal and 86 vulval cases...

This study aimed to elucidate the differences in vulval squamous cell carcinomas (VSCC) based on the HPV infection status. The sequencing data GSE183454 which contains 23 VSCC samples based on its HPV infection status was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We comprehensively dissected the differences of genomic and tumour microenvironment (TME) immune cell infiltration landscapes between HPV + and HPV- VSCC. The potential molecular mechanisms of prognostic genes were explored by functional enrichment analysis...

In developed countries the incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been rising; especially in women over the age of 60 years who present with more advanced disease stage than men. Historically, anal SCC screening has focused on people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (PLWH) who are considered to be at the highest risk of anal SCC, and its precancerous lesion, anal squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL). Despite this, women with vulval high-grade squamous epithelial lesions (HSIL) and SCCs have been shown to be as affected by anal HSIL and SCC as some PLWH...

A cogent and comprehensive pathologic report is essential for optimal patient management, cancer staging, and prognostication. This article details the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) process and the development of the vulval carcinoma reporting data set. It describes the "core" and "noncore" elements to be included in pathology reports for vulval carcinoma, inclusive of clinical, macroscopic, microscopic, and ancillary testing considerations. It provides definitions and commentary for the evidence and/or consensus-based deliberations for each element included in the data set...

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus dysgalactiae, also known as Group C/G Streptococci, causes infection to humans and animals. Infectious syndromes range from mild pharyngitis and cellulitis, to bacteraemia and life-threatening sepsis. This report uniquely presents a case of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae causing fulminant sepsis post-radical vulvectomy. CASE: Four months post modified radical vulvectomy with bilateral lymph node dissection, a 78-year-old woman presented with pyrexia and associated intercrural, upper thigh and suprapubic erythema...

Carcinoma of cervix is classified as per the WHO classification into primary tumors which are predominantly epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors and tumor like lesions, mixed epithelial stromal tumors, melanocytic, germ cell, and lymphoid tumors. Secondary tumors are uncommon. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in various morphological forms needs to be separated from other epithelial tumors for treatment modality selection. Majority of SCC are human papilloma virus (HPV) positive. The histological pattern, HPV type, and grading do not affect prognosis...

Objectives: Vulval Intraepithelial Neoplasia 3 (VIN) is a chronic, premalignant condition affecting the vulval skin. The age standardised incidence is approximately one per 100,000 women, with a peak at 30-49 years of age, and has risen over recent decades. This study would analyse the pattern of presentation, diagnosis, treatment and follow up of patients diagnosed with VIN 3 over a period of ten years at a tertiary care centre in India. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted on all patients diagnosed to have VIN 3 between 1 January 2010 to 30 November 2019 in the Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore were included in this study...

Background: Bartholin gland carcinoma (BGC) is an unusual malignancy representing less than 5% of all vulval carcinomas. Due to the limited published information on the diagnosis and treatment of BGC, this tumor is prone to misdiagnosis; most cases are found in an advanced stage once the diagnosis is delayed. Methods: This was a retrospective study of six patients with BGC in the West China Second University Hospital between January 2011 to August 2021. Results: In our study, BGC was 4...

Vulval cancer is rare in women of reproductive age. We report two cases of vulval squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) in pregnancy. They presented with a solitary labial mass, at 20 and 21 weeks of gestation, diagnosed as stage 1B VSCC based on clinical examination and cross-sectional imaging. In the first case, the patient underwent close clinical surveillance whilst pregnant and had an elective caesarean section at 39 weeks of gestation. Two months post-partum she underwent a radical anterior vulvectomy and bilateral groin sentinel lymph node biopsy...