user's guide to the medical

Background: The scarcity of medical resources and personnel has worsened due to COVID-19. Telemedicine faces challenges in assessing wounds without physical examination. Evaluating pressure injuries is time consuming, energy intensive, and inconsistent. Most of today's telemedicine platforms utilize graphical user interfaces with complex operational procedures and limited channels for information dissemination. The study aims to establish a smart telemedicine diagnosis system based on YOLOv7 and large language model...

BACKGROUND: The online pharmacy market is growing, with legitimate online pharmacies offering advantages such as convenience and accessibility. However, this increased demand has attracted malicious actors into this space, leading to the proliferation of illegal vendors that use deceptive techniques to rank higher in search results and pose serious public health risks by dispensing substandard or falsified medicines. Search engine providers have started integrating generative artificial intelligence (AI) into search engine interfaces, which could revolutionize search by delivering more personalized results through a user-friendly experience...

BACKGROUND: Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP) has been described as a public health priority worldwide, and it is among the most prevalent and costly healthcare problems. Graded motor imagery (GMI) is a therapeutic tool that has been successfully used to improve pain in several chronic conditions. GMI therapy is divided into three stages: laterality training (LRJT, Left Right Judgement Task), imagined movements, and mirror therapy. No tool that allows working with LRJT in pelvic floor has been developed to date...

IMPORTANCE: The emergence and promise of generative artificial intelligence (AI) represent a turning point for health care. Rigorous evaluation of generative AI deployment in clinical practice is needed to inform strategic decision-making. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the implementation of a large language model used to draft responses to patient messages in the electronic inbox. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A 5-week, prospective, single-group quality improvement study was conducted from July 10 through August 13, 2023, at a single academic medical center (Stanford Health Care)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The development, evaluation and implementation of digital self-management interventions for chronic pain have increased exponentially. While intervention outcomes appear promising to improve well-being and functioning in target populations, it is unclear how the development and evaluation processes were structured and how implementation was planned and executed. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive overview of implementation frameworks used to guide and evaluate scientific innovation in chronic pain...

BACKGROUND: Viral hepatitis is a major public health concern worldwide. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the factors that facilitate access to care for viral hepatitis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Using a sequential mixed method, this evaluation research was conducted in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. METHODS: Mapping of references and selection of regions were made based on the quantity and heterogeneity of services...

BACKGROUND: The construction, chemical, aviation, medical, and health care industries have used serious games for safety training. To our knowledge, serious games have not been developed focusing on behavioral change to improve safety through the use of verbal commands and instilling players with heightened awareness of their spatial proximity to other people in their surroundings. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to develop a theory-driven serious game for improving safety behavior using verbal commands and validate the implementation of the theoretical frameworks used for game development...

The use of audiovisual feedback devices to guide the quality of chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation has increased in recent years. Audiovisual feedback devices can be classified as integrated (eg, Zoll AED Plus defibrillator) or standalone (eg, CPRmeter). This study aimed to explore users' needs and factors affecting the acceptability of audiovisual feedback devices. Semistructured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals involved in lifesaving activities. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology was used as a theoretical framework for the study...

OBJECTIVES: Current choice models in healthcare (and beyond) can provide suboptimal predictions of healthcare users' decisions. One reason for such inaccuracy is that standard microeconomic theory assumes that decisions of healthcare users are made in a social vacuum. Healthcare choices, however, can in fact be (entirely) socially determined. To achieve more accurate choice predictions within healthcare and therefore better policy decisions, the social influences that affect healthcare user decision-making need to be identified and explicitly integrated into choice models...

INTRODUCTION: Stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) is a minimally invasive procedure that uses depth electrodes stereotactically implanted into brain structures to map the origin and propagation of seizures in epileptic patients. Implantation accuracy of sEEG electrodes plays a critical role in the safety and efficacy of the procedure. This study used human cadaver heads, simulating clinical practice, to evaluate (1) neurosurgeon's ability to implant a new thin-film polyimide sEEG electrode according to the instructions for use (IFU), and (2) implantation accuracy...

BACKGROUND: Health, fitness and lifestyle professionals can play important roles in promoting physical activity in groups at risk of developing an inactive lifestyle, such as people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Tailored counselling is a promising tool to promote and improve physical activity levels. To support professionals to effectively have a conversation about physical activity with clients with SCI, evidence-based training and resources are needed. This project aimed to (1) co-develop an e-learning course on best practices for SCI physical activity counselling and, (2) examine the effectiveness and usability of this course...

BACKGROUND: Within North America and worldwide, drug related overdoses have increased dramatically over the past decade. COVID-19 escalated the need for a safer supply to replace unregulated substances and to reduce toxicity and overdoses. Service providers play an integral role in the delivery of safer supply but there is little empirical evidence that conceptualizes effective safer supply from their perspectives. This study explored early implementation and impacts of a safer supply program, capturing the perspectives of an interdisciplinary team of service providers on tensions and issues encountered in the development of the SAFER program...

Digital therapeutics (DTx) are a promising way to provide safe, effective, accessible, sustainable, scalable, and equitable approaches to advance individual and population health. However, developing and deploying DTx is inherently complex in that DTx includes multiple interacting components, such as tools to support activities like medication adherence, health behavior goal-setting or self-monitoring, and algorithms that adapt the provision of these according to individual needs that may change over time. While myriad frameworks exist for different phases of DTx development, no single framework exists to guide evidence production for DTx across its full life cycle, from initial DTx development to long-term use...

BACKGROUND: Access to reliable and accurate digital health web-based resources is crucial. However, the lack of dedicated search engines for non-English languages, such as French, is a significant obstacle in this field. Thus, we developed and implemented a multilingual, multiterminology semantic search engine called Catalog and Index of Digital Health Teaching Resources (CIDHR). CIDHR is freely accessible to everyone, with a focus on French-speaking resources. CIDHR has been initiated to provide validated, high-quality content tailored to the specific needs of each user profile, be it students or professionals...

Healthcare providers, particularly during the COVID-19 crisis, have been forced to make difficult decisions and have reported acting in ways that are contrary to their moral values, integrity, and professional commitments, given the constraints in their work environments. Those actions and decisions may lead to healthcare providers' moral suffering and distress. This work outlines the development of the Moral Distress Virtual Reality Simulator (Moral Distress VRS) to research stress and moral distress among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic...

A growing body of research supports stromal tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density in breast cancer to be a robust prognostic and predicive biomarker. The gold standard for stromal TIL density quantitation in breast cancer is pathologist visual assessment using haematoxylin and eosin-stained slides. Artificial intelligence/machine-learning algorithms are in development to automate the stromal TIL scoring process, and must be validated against a reference standard such as pathologist visual assessment...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Many diseases of the spine require surgical treatments that are currently performed based on the experience of the surgeon. The basis of this study is to deliver an automatic and patient-specific algorithm able to come to the aid of the surgeons in pedicle arthrodesis operations, by finding the optimal direction of the screw insertion, the maximum screw diameter and the maximum screw length. RESULTS: The paper introduce an algorithm based on the reconstructed geometry of a vertebra by 3D-scan that is able to identify the best introduction direction for screw and to select, from commercial and/or personalised databases, the best screws in order to maximize the occupation of the bone while not intersecting each other and not going through the walls of the pedicle and the bounds of the vertebral body...

PURPOSE: RebiSmart® is an electromechanical multidose autoinjector developed for administering subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). This online survey aimed to understand MS nurses' and pwMS preferences and perceptions regarding the features of an upgraded version of the RebiSmart device (RebiSmart 3.0) compared to other assistive devices used for multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible MS nurses and pwMS from Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom completed a double-blind, 30-minute online self-administered questionnaire, including a 10-minute video describing the features of RebiSmart 3...

BACKGROUND: Supported self-management interventions, which assist individuals in actively understanding and managing their own health conditions, have a robust evidence base for chronic physical illnesses, such as diabetes, but have been underused for long-term mental health conditions. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to co-design and user test a mental health supported self-management intervention, My Personal Recovery Plan (MyPREP), that could be flexibly delivered via digital and traditional paper-based mediums...

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic disease, and several risk factors predispose individuals to the condition in their daily lives, including exposure to allergens and inhalation irritants. Analyzing the potential risk factors that can trigger AR can provide reference material for individuals to use to reduce its occurrence in their daily lives. Nowadays, social media is a part of daily life, with an increasing number of people using at least 1 platform regularly. Social media enables users to share experiences among large groups of people who share the same interests and experience the same afflictions...