leprae

BACKGROUND: The gene variants ADH1B*2 (Arg48His, rs1229984) and ALDH2*2 (Glu504Lys, rs671) are common in East Asian populations but rare in other populations. We propose that selective pressures from pathogen exposure and dietary changes during the neolithic transition favored these variants. Thus, their current association with differences in alcohol sensitivity likely results from phenotypic plasticity rather than direct natural selection. METHODS: Samples sourced from the Allele Frequency Database (ALFRED) were utilized to compute the average frequency of ADH1B*2 and ALDH2*2 across 88 and 61 countries, respectively...

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) encompass a group of approximately 20 diseases prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, closely associated with poverty, affecting over a billion people in low-income countries. This manuscript aims to explore the ocular manifestations and burden of two significant NTDs, namely Hansen's disease and trachoma while addressing gaps in understanding and management. Hansen's disease, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, has a long history and presents with diverse neurological and ocular manifestations...

Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is a chronic infectious disease that impacts the skin and peripheral nerves, causing long-term disability. The invasion of M. leprae into the body triggers immunologic responses and single single-nucleotide polymorphisms in cytokine-encoding genes may influence predisposition and susceptibility, possibly predicting the incidence of leprosy reactions. The aim of this study was to assess the gene polymorphism of interleukin-10 promoter IL-10 -819C/T in leprosy patients, leprosy patients with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) reaction, and household contacts...

Necrotic erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is an uncommon manifestation of type 2 lepra reaction, encountered in lepromatous and borderline lepromatous cases of leprosy. Necrotic ENL is associated with the involvement of multiple organs, therefore delayed diagnosis and treatment will lead to complications and poor prognosis. The aim of this case report was to report a challenging case of necrotic ENL misdiagnosed with multiple cellulitis since there were no signs of prior leprosy nor had any antimycobacterial treatment...

BACKGROUND: Pure neuritic leprosy (PNL) is uncommon form of leprosy involving peripheral nerves. Some isolated case reports have shown imaging changes in the central nervous system (CNS) and also impairment in visual evoked potential (VEP), somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) and brain stem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEPs) parameters in PNL, but there is lack of large study. This prospective observational study evaluates impairment in these central conduction studies among PNL patients...

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare cathelicidin levels in the skin of leprae patients and leprae contacts. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. Fifty-four research subjects participated in this study. They consisted of leprae patients, household contacts, and healthy individuals. Cathelicidin levels were measured using the ELISA method. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS software, and univariate and bivariate analysis was conducted...

Background Acid-fast bacilli  Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae  are the causative organisms behind two major diseases of developing nations, tuberculosis and leprosy, respectively. To efficiently tackle these diseases in developing nations, drugs must be augmented with improved detection modalities. This necessitates the development of enhanced tools that can aid the current detection modalities being used in high-incidence areas. A no-code artificial intelligence model based on image classification is one such tool that can be used in the identification of acid-fast bacilli...

BACKGROUND: Leprosy is a highly neglected disease that is considered a serious public health problem in many countries. This illness is characterised by a variety of clinical and histopathological manifestations that are related to the patient immune response. OBJECTIVES: This work aimed evaluate the profile of circulating immune mediators in the plasma from patients classified clinically as paucibacillary (PB), multibacillary (MB), households contacts (HHC), type1 leprosy reaction (T1R), type2 leprosy reaction (T2R) and control individuals without medical history of leprosy (CTL)...

OBJECTIVES: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Less frequently, there is involvement of the musculoskeletal system, and occurrence of systemic manifestation with non-specific symptoms such as fever, fatigue and myalgia. Therefore, leprosy can often mimic autoimmune diseases such as arthritis, vasculitis, or collagenosis and be mis-diagnosed. METHODS: This study describes a series of cases of leprosy mimicking autoimmune diseases in patients treated in the Rheumatology Department of our centre in the period 2019 to 2023...

Introduction. We have examined four burials from the St Mary Magdalen mediaeval leprosarium cemetery in Winchester, Hampshire, UK. One (Sk.8) was a male child, two (Sk.45 and Sk.52) were adolescent females and the fourth (Sk.512) was an adult male. The cemetery was in use between the 10th and 12th centuries. All showed skeletal lesions of leprosy. Additionally, one of the two females (Sk.45) had lesions suggestive of multi-cystic tuberculosis and the second (Sk.52) of leprogenic odontodysplasia (LO), a rare malformation of the roots of the permanent maxillary incisors...

BACKGROUND Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a neglected tropical disease with low prevalence in the United States. The disease's long incubation period can cause delayed presentation, and most affected individuals have a history of travel or work in leprosy-endemic regions. The immune response to Mycobacterium leprae determines the clinical characteristics of leprosy, with tuberculoid leprosy being characterized by well-defined granulomas and involvement of peripheral nerves. The recommended treatment is a combination of dapsone and rifampin for 12 months...

Leprosy, or Hansen's Disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite persistent efforts to combat it leprosy remains a significant public health concern particularly in developing countries. The underlying pathophysiology of the disease is not yet fully understood hindering the development of effective treatment strategies. However, recent studies have shed light on the potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules that can regulate gene expression, as promising biomarkers in various disease, including leprosy...

Macrophages respond against Mycobacterium leprae infection through interacting with vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR). There has been no study analyzing the association between vitamin D and VDR with bacteriological index (BI) in leprosy patients in Indonesia. To analyze the serum level of 25- hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and plasma level of VDR as well as their association with BI in leprosy patients in Indonesia. This is a cross-sectional study. Serum level of 25(OH)D was assessed with in vitro chemiluminescent immunoassay...

OBJECTIVES: The present study analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and incidence of new leprosy cases, as well as the diversity, distribution, and temporal transmission of Mycobacterium leprae strains at the county level in leprae-endemic provinces in Southwest China. METHODS: A total of 219 new leprosy cases during two periods, 2018-2019 and 2020-2021, were compared. We genetically characterized 83 clinical isolates of M. leprae in Guizhou using variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)...

Leprosy is a disease with spectral clinical manifestations along with two types of reactions, type 1 reaction (T1R) and type 2 reaction (T2R). T1R especially occurs because of the defensive upgradation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to M. leprae antigens. T1R is the main cause of disability in leprosy. The role of conventional adaptive T cells has been well studied to understand T1R. A comprehensive understanding of the role of unconventional T cells in the manifestation of inflammation during T1R is crucial and has not been studied...

In the recent decade, scientific communities have toiled to tackle the emerging burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and rapidly growing opportunistic nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Among these, two neglected mycobacteria species of the Acinetobacter family, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium ulcerans , are the etiological agents of leprosy and Buruli ulcer infections, respectively, and fall under the broad umbrella of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Unfortunately, lackluster drug discovery efforts have been made against these pathogenic bacteria in the recent decade, resulting in the discovery of only a few countable hits and majorly repurposing anti-TB drug candidates such as telacebec (Q203), P218, and TB47 for current therapeutic interventions...

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) refer to bacteria other than all Mycobacterium species that do not cause tuberculosis or leprosy, excluding the species of the Mycobacterium tu-berculosis complex, M. leprae and M. lepromatosis. NTM are ubiquitous and present in soils and natural waters. NTM can survive in a wide range of environmental conditions. The direct inocu-lum of the NTM from water or other materials is most likely a source of infections. NTMs are re-sponsible for several illnesses, including pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, cystic fibrosis, bronchi-ectasis, chronic obstructive pneumoconiosis, and pulmonary disease...

BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium leprae is able to infect Schwann cells leading to neural damage. Neurotrophins are involved in nervous system plasticity and impacts in neural integrity during diseases. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in neurotrophin genes and leprosy phenotypes, especially neural damage. DESIGN: We selected SNPs in neurotrophins or its receptors genes associated with neural disorders: rs6265 and rs11030099 of BDNF, rs6330 of BDNF, rs6332 in NT3 and rs2072446 of P75NTR...

The Notch signaling pathway is the most crucial link in the normal operation and maintenance of physiological functions of mammalian life processes. Notch receptors interact with ligands and this leads to three cleavages and goes on to enter the nucleus to initiate the transcription of target genes. The Notch signaling pathway deeply participates in the differentiation and function of various cells, including immune cells. Recent studies indicate that the outcomes of Notch signaling are changeable and highly dependent on different bacterial infection...