keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38327594/association-between-serum-level-of-vitamin-d-25-hydroxyvitamin-d-and-plasma-level-of-vitamin-d-receptor-with-bacteriological-index-in-leprosy-patients
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rizka Farah Hilma, Sandra Widaty, Melani Marissa, Muhammad Ilyas
Macrophages respond against Mycobacterium leprae infection through interacting with vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR). There has been no study analyzing the association between vitamin D and VDR with bacteriological index (BI) in leprosy patients in Indonesia. To analyze the serum level of 25- hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and plasma level of VDR as well as their association with BI in leprosy patients in Indonesia. This is a cross-sectional study. Serum level of 25(OH)D was assessed with in vitro chemiluminescent immunoassay...
December 1, 2023: Dermatology Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38327578/molecular-epidemiological-characteristics-of-mycobacterium-leprae-in-highly-endemic-areas-of-china-during-the-covid-19-epidemic
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiaojiao Zhou, Ziwei Wu, Yi Tong, Santosh Chokkakula, Ying Shi, Haiqin Jiang, Jie Liu, De Wang, Wenyue Zhang, Chen Wang, Tingfang Zhao, Kang Yuan, Tao Li, Lu Ma, Qin Yang, Shizhen Wang, Feng Hong, Hongsheng Wang, Jinlan Li
OBJECTIVES: The present study analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and incidence of new leprosy cases, as well as the diversity, distribution, and temporal transmission of Mycobacterium leprae strains at the county level in leprae-endemic provinces in Southwest China. METHODS: A total of 219 new leprosy cases during two periods, 2018-2019 and 2020-2021, were compared. We genetically characterized 83 clinical isolates of M. leprae in Guizhou using variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)...
2024: Frontiers in Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38327455/unveiling-the-role-of-nk-cells-nkt-like-cells-and-%C3%AE-%C3%AE-cells-in-pathogenesis-of-type-1-reactions-in-leprosy
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vinay Kumar Pathak, Itu Singh, Bhawna Sharma, Ravindra P Turankar, Mamta Arora, Shoor Vir Singh, Utpal Sengupta
Leprosy is a disease with spectral clinical manifestations along with two types of reactions, type 1 reaction (T1R) and type 2 reaction (T2R). T1R especially occurs because of the defensive upgradation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to M. leprae antigens. T1R is the main cause of disability in leprosy. The role of conventional adaptive T cells has been well studied to understand T1R. A comprehensive understanding of the role of unconventional T cells in the manifestation of inflammation during T1R is crucial and has not been studied...
February 15, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38295025/unlocking-opportunities-for-mycobacterium-leprae-and-mycobacterium-ulcerans
#24
REVIEW
Mousumi Shyam, Sumit Kumar, Vinayak Singh
In the recent decade, scientific communities have toiled to tackle the emerging burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and rapidly growing opportunistic nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Among these, two neglected mycobacteria species of the Acinetobacter family, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium ulcerans , are the etiological agents of leprosy and Buruli ulcer infections, respectively, and fall under the broad umbrella of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Unfortunately, lackluster drug discovery efforts have been made against these pathogenic bacteria in the recent decade, resulting in the discovery of only a few countable hits and majorly repurposing anti-TB drug candidates such as telacebec (Q203), P218, and TB47 for current therapeutic interventions...
January 31, 2024: ACS Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38288807/tackling-nontuberculous-mycobacteria-by-repurposable-drugs-and-potential-leads-from-natural-products
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Patil Amruta Adhikrao, Gudle Mayuri Motiram, Gautam Kumar
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) refer to bacteria other than all Mycobacterium species that do not cause tuberculosis or leprosy, excluding the species of the Mycobacterium tu-berculosis complex, M. leprae and M. lepromatosis. NTM are ubiquitous and present in soils and natural waters. NTM can survive in a wide range of environmental conditions. The direct inocu-lum of the NTM from water or other materials is most likely a source of infections. NTMs are re-sponsible for several illnesses, including pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, cystic fibrosis, bronchi-ectasis, chronic obstructive pneumoconiosis, and pulmonary disease...
January 29, 2024: Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38278287/the-role-of-neurotrophin-polymorphisms-and-susceptibility-to-neural-damage-in-leprosy
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karina Talita de Oliveira Santana Jorge, Marina Pimenta Braga, Rodrigo Anselmo Cazzaniga, Camilla Natália Oliveira Santos, Mauro Martins Teixeira, Karina Braga Gomes, Amélia Maria Ribeiro de Jesus, Frederico Marianetti Soriani
BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium leprae is able to infect Schwann cells leading to neural damage. Neurotrophins are involved in nervous system plasticity and impacts in neural integrity during diseases. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in neurotrophin genes and leprosy phenotypes, especially neural damage. DESIGN: We selected SNPs in neurotrophins or its receptors genes associated with neural disorders: rs6265 and rs11030099 of BDNF, rs6330 of BDNF, rs6332 in NT3 and rs2072446 of P75NTR...
January 24, 2024: International Journal of Infectious Diseases: IJID
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38272330/the-role-of-the-notch-signaling-pathway-in-bacterial-infectious-diseases
#27
REVIEW
Zhengwei Yin, Yuejie Zhu, Juan Shi, Yueyue He, Fengbo Zhang
The Notch signaling pathway is the most crucial link in the normal operation and maintenance of physiological functions of mammalian life processes. Notch receptors interact with ligands and this leads to three cleavages and goes on to enter the nucleus to initiate the transcription of target genes. The Notch signaling pathway deeply participates in the differentiation and function of various cells, including immune cells. Recent studies indicate that the outcomes of Notch signaling are changeable and highly dependent on different bacterial infection...
January 23, 2024: Microbial Pathogenesis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38271690/-hansen-s-disease-an-unusual-manifestation-of-an-ancient-disease
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mário Ferreira, Carlos Grijó, Joana Paulo, Marta Fonseca, Zélia Neves
Hansen's disease, commonly known as leprosy, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Being rare in developed countries, it is an increasingly common imported disease due to the migratory flow from countries where it is endemic. We present the case of a 21-year-old man who went to the emergency department with complaints of additive polyarthralgia involving large joints, papules, and erythematous plaques on the limbs with bullae and central necrosis and fever with chills for one week. Skin biopsy was performed revealing neutrophilic infiltrate with perineural granulomas...
January 25, 2024: Acta Médica Portuguesa
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38269435/the-centenary-of-the-leprosy-relief-association-lepra-a-moment-for-celebration-and-reflection%C3%A2
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Irene Allen, Diana N Lockwood, Roderick J Hay
The year 2024 is the Centenary of the foundation of the Leprosy Relief Association (Lepra), formerly the British Empire Leprosy Relief Association (BELRA). The name of the organization changed to the LEProsy Relief Association (LEPRA) in 1976 but has been known as Lepra since 2008. Over the years it has worked closely with members and office holders of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Its work has encompassed activities from the earliest initiatives to ensure appropriate living conditions for those with the disease to the development of leprosy chemotherapy...
January 25, 2024: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38267905/plantar-pressure-distribution-and-altered-postural-control-in-multibacillary-leprosy-patients
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alex Tadeu Viana Da Cruz Junior, Beatriz Helena Baldez Vasconcelos, Tatiana Generoso Campos Pinho Barroso, Givago Silva Souza, Luis Carlos Pereira Monteiro, Marília Brasil Xavier, Bianca Callegari
BACKGROUND: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, predominantly affecting the peripheral nerves, resulting in sensory and motor deficits in the feet. Foot ulcers and imbalances are frequent manifestations in leprosy, often correlating with diminished sensitivity. While clinical scales and monofilament esthesiometers are conventionally utilized to evaluate foot sensitivity and balance in these patients, their discriminatory power is limited and their effectiveness is greatly dependent on the examiner's proficiency...
January 24, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38244764/association-of-cc-chemokine-ligand-2-gene-polymorphisms-with-leprosy-reactions
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sanjay Kumar, Keshar Kunja Mohanty, Vandana Singh, Mohan Natarajan, Mamta Arora, Joy Kumar Chakma, Srikanth Prasad Tripathy
BACKGROUND: C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, a gene that codes for a protein involved in inflammation. Certain SNPs in the CCL2 gene have been studied for their potential associations with susceptibility to various diseases. These SNPs may affect the production and function of the CCL2 protein, which is involved in the recruitment of immune cells to sites of inflammation. Variations in CCL2 may influence the immune response to M. leprae infection. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of the C-C motif chemokine ligand-2 single nucleotide polymorphisms with leprosy...
January 18, 2024: Microbes and Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38235837/trans-epidermal-extrusion-of-lepra-bacilli-from-histoid-lesions-a-risk-of-continued-transmission
#32
Siddharth Gogate, Ananta Khurana, Arvind Ahuja, Kabir Sardana
The current goal of Zero Leprosy focuses on the interruption of the transmission of infection within endemic regions. While the role of the skin in the transmission dynamics of leprosy has not been clearly delineated, recent research on the environmental presence of lepra bacilli brings this aspect back into focus. We present a case of lepromatous leprosy with perforated-appearing histoid lesions on the palms and soles, demonstrating the presence of lepra bacilli throughout the epidermis.
January 18, 2024: International Journal of Dermatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38230455/regulation-of-mycobacterium-biofilm-development-and-novel-measures-against-antibiotics-resistance
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abudukadier Abulimiti, Zhang Qi-Ao, Li Pei-Bo, Xie Jian-Ping
Currently, there are over 170 recognized species of Mycobacterium, the only genus in the family Mycobacteriaceae. Organisms belonging to this genus are quite diverse with respect to their ability to cause disease in humans. The Mycobacterium genus includes human pathogens (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium leprae) and environmental microorganisms known as non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM). A common pathogenic factor of Mycobacterium is the formation of biofilms. Bacterial biofilms are usually defined as bacterial communities attached to the surface, and are also considered as shared spaces of encapsulated microbial cells, including various extracellular polymeric substrates (EPS), such as polysaccharides, proteins, amyloid proteins, lipids, and extracellular DNA (EDNA), as well as membrane vesicles and humic like microorganisms derived refractory substances...
January 20, 2024: Yi Chuan, Hereditas
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38224943/micrornas-correlate-with-bacillary-index-and-genes-associated-to-cell-death-processes-in-leprosy
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nadja de Lima Santana, Lucas Neves de Farias, Tainã Lago, Thyago Leal-Calvo, Paulo Roberto Lima Machado, Léa Cristina Castellucci
Mycobacterium leprae infects skin and peripheral nerves causing a broad of clinical forms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control immune mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy as well as to target genes leading to abnormal proliferation, metastasis, and invasion of cells. Herein we evaluated miRNAs expression for leprosy phenotypes in biopsies obtained from patients with and without reactions. We also correlated those miRNAs with both, bacillary index (BI) and genes involved in the micobacteria elimination process. Our results show a significant increase in the miR-125a-3p expression in paucibacillary (PB) patients vs multibacillary (MB) subjects (p = 0...
January 13, 2024: Microbes and Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38204570/what-happens-when-schwann-cells-are-exposed-to-mycobacterium-leprae-a-systematic-review
#35
REVIEW
Lara Machado de Oliveira Brügger, Marina Monnerat Lemos Dos Santos, Flavio Alves Lara, Bruno Siqueira Mietto
Mycobacterium leprae , the pathogen that causes human leprosy, has a unique affinity for infecting and persisting inside Schwann cells, the principal glia of the peripheral nervous system. Several studies have focused on this intricate host-pathogen interaction as an attempt to advance the current knowledge of the mechanisms governing nerve destruction and disease progression. However, during the chronic course of leprosy neuropathy, Schwann cells can respond to and internalize both live and dead M. leprae and bacilli-derived antigens, and this may result in divergent cellular pathobiological responses...
December 2023: IBRO neuroscience reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38186803/clinicoepidemiologic-profile-of-leprosy-in-geriatric-population-in-post-elimination-era-a-retrospective-hospital-based-cross-sectional-study-from-eastern-india
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Swetalina Pradhan, Rashid Shahid, Suvesh Singh
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Geriatric populations are susceptible to leprosy infection with masked clinical signs due to lower immunity in them. Our aim was to analyze the clinicoepidemiologic profile of patients with geriatric leprosy and find out the reasons for delayed diagnosis and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, record-based study was conducted in a tertiary care center from May 2019 to May 2022. The clinicodemographic data of biopsy-confirmed leprosy cases aged ≥60 years were obtained from the leprosy clinic record...
November 2023: Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38179342/pathogenesis-clinical-considerations-and-treatments-a-narrative-review-on-leprosy
#37
REVIEW
Phat H Le, Sandy Philippeaux, Tiombee Mccollins, Cassande Besong, Alexander Kellar, Vincent G Klapper, Adalyn S De Witt, Joseph Drinkard, Shahab Ahmadzadeh, Sahar Shekoohi, Giustino Varrassi, Alan Kaye
Hansen disease, known as Leprosy, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae . The disease was once thought to be highly contiguous, and patients with leprosy were treated poorly and had to face discrimination due to the gruesome disease's complications. Mycobacterium leprae , the bacterium causative of leprosy, can generally be found in the nine-banded armadillo. The bacterium is transmitted via aerosol droplets and broken skin-to-skin contact. Once M . leprae enters the body, it will target peripheral nerves and the lining mucosa of the skin and eyes, thus causing inflammation and tenderness of the affected area...
December 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38149833/ulnar-nerve-mononeuropathy-in-a-patient-with-hansen-s-disease-clinical-and-radiological-features
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juan P Cuesta, Laura C Rodríguez, Laura Perdomo, Nicolás Bastidas
Leprosy is a chronic infection caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae . This is a prevalent disease in low-income countries, and it has not been completely eradicated. We present the case of a 29-year-old man with a previous diagnosis of Hansen's disease, who consulted for pain in the left elbow and wrist, associated with fever with preserved mobility and pain on palpation. Diagnosis of mononeuropathy of the ulnar nerve was made by MRI of the elbow and forearm. This entity corresponds to an infrequent complication of this infection with few cases reported in the literature...
December 27, 2023: Neuroradiology Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38149553/co-infection-of-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-and-mycobacterium-leprae-complicated-by-pulmonary-embolism-a-rare-case-report
#39
Prasana Ruthramoorthy, Jince Ann Jose, Jayamol Revendran, Ragavi Elango
A 35-year-old male patient with lepromatous leprosy came to the emergency room (ER) due to breathlessness and chest pain. The patient was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) after a bronchoscopy and started on antitubercular therapy. However, the patient continued to experience tachycardia and desaturation, and on further evaluation, Computed tomography pulmonary angiography revealed an embolus in the right descending pulmonary artery. The patient was found to have an elevated d-dimer. Further investigation revealed that the cause of the pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) was the thalidomide medication that the patient was taking for type 2 leprosy reaction...
2023: International Journal of Mycobacteriology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38149532/bioinformatic-approach-for-repurposing-immunomodulatory-drugs-for-lepromatous-leprosy
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gary J Espitia, Nelson Enrique Arenas, Luz Dary Gutiérrez-Castañeda, Martha Inírida Guerrero
BACKGROUND: The lepromatous leprosy (LL) disease is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis which is characterized by inadequate response to treatment, a propensity to drug resistance, and patient disability. We aimed to evaluate current immunomodulatory medicines and their target proteins collectively as a drug repurposing strategy to decipher novel uses for LL. METHODS: A dataset of human genes associated with LL-immune response was retrieved from public health genomic databases including the Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator and DisGeNET...
2023: International Journal of Mycobacteriology
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