Chronic kidney disease urolithiasis

Background and objective Kidney stones, also referred to as nephrolithiasis or renal calculi, is a condition where crystal depositions are formed within the kidney and ideally excreted from the body via the urethra with no pain; however, larger calculi may cause significant pain and require further medical assistance. The vast majority of patients who develop renal calculi form calcium stones, which are either a composition of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate. Other types include uric acid, struvite, and cysteine...

PURPOSE: We searched for perioperative renal function deterioration risk factors in patients that underwent bilateral flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) for kidney stones. METHODS: From August 2016 to February 2020, symptomatic patients > 18 years old with bilateral kidney stones up to 20 mm in each side were prospectively studied. Serum creatinine samples were collected on admission to surgery, immediate postoperative (IPO), on POD 3, 10, and 30...

Canine leishmaniosis (CanL), caused by Leishmania infantum, is a complex disease of growing importance in Europe. Clinical manifestations result from the down-modulation of the host immune response through multiple host-parasite interactions. Although several factors might influence CanL progression, this is the first known study evaluating risk factors for its different clinical stages in a large referral hospital population (n=35.669) from an endemic area, over a 20 year period. Genome-wide scans for selection signatures were also conducted to explore the genomic component of clinical susceptibility to L...

INTRODUCTION: Patients with Chronic hypoparathyroidism (CHPT) receiving conventional treatment are exposed to several long-term complications including basal ganglia calcifications, posterior subcapsular cataract, kidney stones, and renal insufficiency. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and the associated factors of these complications in patients with CHPT. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 58 patients with CHPT. All participants underwent physical examination, biochemical assessment (total serum calcium, serum phosphorus, serum albumin, intact-PTH, serum magnesium, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, serum creatinine, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and 24-hour urinary calcium), slit lamp examination, brain computed tomography scan (CT-scan), and renal ultrasound...

BACKGROUND: Urolithiasis has been infrequently implicated to have a causal association with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recently, several studies have demonstrated the relationship between urolithiasis and CKD. However, the generalizability of their results is limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between urolithiasis and the risk of incident CKD. METHODS: This longitudinal cohort study used the National Health Insurance Service data, including 219 570 Korean adults with incident urolithiasis requiring procedural interventions and without prior kidney disease and 219 570 age- and sex-matched controls without urolithiasis between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2020...

Aspergilloma localised solely to the kidneys is very rare and poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We present the case of a 35-year-old male with a background of urolithiasis, type II diabetes and chronic kidney disease, who was found to have isolated renal aspergilloma associated with obstructing uric acid renal tract calculi. After poor progress to clear the fungal infection and remaining stones with ureteroscopy, he was successfully treated by percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) to surgically remove fungal balls and calculi...

BACKGROUND: Obstructive nephropathy is a condition often caused by urinary tract obstruction either anatomical (e.g., tumors), mechanical (e.g., urolithiasis), or compression (e.g., pregnancy) and can progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Studies have shown sexual dimorphism in CKD, where males were found to have a more rapid decline in kidney function following kidney injury compared to age-matched females. Protocatechuic acid (PCA), an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory polyphenolic compound, has demonstrated promising effects in mitigating drug-induced kidney injuries...

Urolithiasis is a common and complex disease of the urinary system, which can cause urinary tract blockage, urinary tract infection, and even damage to urinary system-related tissues. Although urolithiasis can be cured, its high recurrence rate and the development of chronic kidney disease in some patients have drawn the attention of nephrologists. Although the application of extracorporeal lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and other minimally invasive techniques have made the treatment of urolithiasis more efficient, pharmacotherapy plays an indispensable role in reducing their morbidity and recurrence rates...

BACKGROUND: High-salt diets promote urine dilution and decrease urolithiasis risk. OBJECTIVE: Prospectively evaluate the safety of chronic high dietary salt intake (randomized controlled trial). ANIMALS: Twenty research colony neutered, healthy aged cats (11.5 years [10.0-11.6], median [interquartile range]). METHODS: Healthy cats were randomized to control or high-salt dry diets (sodium: 1.02 ± 0...

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare form of chronic pyelonephritis characterized by granulomatous tissue replacing renal parenchyma, primarily in adults. It's often linked to chronic obstruction, urolithiasis, and pyelonephritis, with rare associations with psoas abscess or fistula. A 15-year-old girl, initially treated conservatively for suspected pyelonephritis, underwent CT imaging due to non-response. This revealed XGP with a sizable psoas abscess caused by a kidney-psoas muscle fistula and renal calculus migration...

INTRODUCTION: Children present with a spectrum of renal diseases depending on age, sex, and geographic location among other factors. With the absence of a paediatric renal registry in Nigeria, this will provide part of the regional data necessary for the Nigerian renal registry. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study where cases of renal diseases that presented in a nephrology clinic over a 2-year period were retrieved from the nurses' and doctors' records and analysed...

Chronic kidney disease, diabetes and hypertension are risk factors of kidney function impairment. The relative risk of kidney failure is 1.52 in patients with urinary stone disease. The various techniques used to remove upper urinary tract stones generally do not alter kidney function in patients with normal kidney function and may sometimes improve kidney function or slow its deterioration in patients with kidney disease. Compared to the asynchronous treatment of bilateral renal and ureteral stones, concomitant treatment is associated with higher risk of anuria and the need of additional interventions, in the absence of postoperative stenting...

Urolithiasis, a prevalent chronic kidney disease affecting all age groups, can be influenced by nutritional factors. The incidence of urolithiasis in Asian countries ranges from 1% to 19.1%, attributed to geographical and lifestyle differences. In Iran, several risk factors, including ethnicity, dietary habits, gender, and age, are associated with urolithiasis. This study aimed to assess the impact of nutritional factors on kidney and urinary tract stone formation. This case-control study enrolled 127 newly diagnosed urolithiasis patients, and 127 matched healthy participants between February to May 2017...

Urolithiasis is associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), irrespective of stone compositions. Chronic inflammation is an important factor for CKD progression. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been recognized as a reliable biomarker of inflammation, yet its use in predicting renal deterioration in patients with urolithiasis remains limited. We aimed to explore whether the combination of stone composition and NLR could be useful as a predictor for CKD risk. A total of 336 stone formers with at least one stone submission for analysis were enrolled in the retrospective study...

Kidney stones have been associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney diseases, end-stage renal failure. This study is devoted to isolate nanobacteria from patients with active urolithiasis and investigate the in vitro and in vivo antinanobacterial activity of some antibiotics alone or in combination with extracts of irradiated herbs from certain medicinal plants. Nanobacteria were detected using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, protein electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and DNA profile...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate a causal relationship between IBD and multiple kidney diseases using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. METHODS: We selected a group of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) specific to IBD as instrumental variables from a published genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 86,640 individuals of European ancestry. Summary statistics for multiple kidney diseases were obtained from the publicly available GWAS...

BACKGROUND: A recessive form of MOCOS-associated xanthinuria type II is described in Tyrolean grey cattle. A similar case was identified in a 5-month-old Brown Swiss calf with hoof overgrowth, rough coat, urine sediment, and pneumonia. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To characterize the disease phenotype, to evaluate its genetic etiology, and to determine the prevalence of the deleterious allele in the Brown Swiss population. ANIMALS: An affected calf, its parents, and 65 441 Swiss dairy cattle...

INTRODUCTION: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare and inherited condition of urolithiasis. The aim of our study was to analyze clinical, paraclinical, and evolutionary aspects of PH1 in adult patients in our Nephrology department. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective single-center study between 1990 and 2021. We collected patients followed for PH1 confirmed by genetic study and/or histopathological features of renal biopsy and morphoconstitutional analysis of the calculi...

Acromegaly is a chronic systemic disease caused by excess levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 and is associated with numerous complications. Significantly, there is a lack of longitudinal data on kidney complications in patients with acromegaly. As such, we investigated the risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) (stage 5D, 5T) in these patients with nationwide data obtained from the National Health Information Database of the National Health Insurance Service in Republic of Korea. A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 2...

BACKGROUND: In urolithiasis, urinary calculi are formed in the urinary system. Stone development does not initially result in any symptoms, but later renal colic, flank pain, hematuria, obstruction of urine flow, and/or hydronephrosis may indicate renal stone disease. In addition to age, gender, ethnicity, and local climate, urolithiasis can be caused by several other factors. The prevalence and recurrence rate of kidney stone disease is rising globally, while few effective treatment options currently exist...