Metablism

BACKGROUND: The small intestine is known to play a crucial role in the development and remission of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the exact mechanism by which mid-small intestinal bypass improves glucose metabolism in diabetic rats is not fully understood. AIM: To elucidate the mechanisms by which mid-small intestinal bypass improves glucose metabolism. METHODS: Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce DM in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at a dose of 60 mg/kg...

Imatinib (IM) resistance is considered to be a significant challenge in the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Previous studies have reported that hsa-miR-145-5p and hsa-miR-203a-5p can overcome IM resistance and hsa-miR-203a-5p can alter glutathione metabolism in IM-resistant cells. The purpose of this study was to examine whether hsa-miR-145-5p or hsa-miR-203a-5p counters IM resistance by targeting the overall metabolic profile of IM-resistant K562 cells. The metablic profiling of cell lysates obtained from IM-sensitive, IM-resistant, and miR-transfected IM-resistant K562 cells was carried out using the GC-MS technique...

The lignin plays one of the most important roles in plant secondary metabolism. However, it is still unclear how lignin can contribute to the impressive height of wood growth. In this study, C3'H, a rate-limiting enzyme of the lignin pathway, was used as the target gene. C3'H3 was knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9 in Populus tomentosa. Compared with wild-type popular trees, c3'h3 mutants exhibited dwarf phenotypes, collapsed xylem vessels, weakened phloem thickening, decreased hydraulic conductivity and photosynthetic efficiency, and reduced auxin content, except for reduced total lignin content and significantly increased H-subunit lignin...

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms underlying heat stroke (HS)-induced hippocampal injury remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the HS-induced metabonomics of hippocampal and cerebellar transmitters. METHODS: The HS model was established with male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to heat exposure of up to 42 °C at a humidity of (55.0±5.0)%. The hippocampal and cerebellar transmitters and metabolites of rats were tested via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)...

BACKGROUND: Impaired iron transport (IIT) is a form of iron deficiency (ID) defined as transferrin saturation (TSAT) < 20% irrespective of serum ferritin levels. It is frequently observed in heart failure (HF) where it negatively affects prognosis irrespective of anaemia. OBJECTIVES: In this retrospective study we searched for a surrogate biomarker of IIT. METHODS: We tested the predictive power of red distribution width (RDW), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) to detect IIT in 797 non-anaemic HF patients...

Lipid metabolism is crucial to tumor growth and immune microenvironment as well as drug sensitivity in glioma. Identifying prognostic indicators of glioma and elucidating the mechanisms of glioma progression are critical for improving the prognosis of glioma patients. In this study, we investigated the role and prognostic value of metabolism-related genes in glioma by integrative analysis of datasets from GEO, CGGA, and TCGA. Based on clinical data and transcriptome data, we found that the expression pattern of three major pathways related to lipid metabolism is fatty acidhigh -phospholipidhigh -triglyceridelow , which is associated with better prognosis and immune infiltration...

BACKGROUND: Irisin has been proposed to have a beneficial influence on the metabolic status of animals and humans. However, the relationship between circulating irisin levels and the risks of metabolic components in humans remains unclear. In the present meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the association between circulating irisin and metabolic parameters in nonobese, nondiabetic adults. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and ClinicalTrial...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a universal health issue of the present time. Nearly 2 billion people were estimated to be either overweight or obese in 2020, with nearly 3.4 million deaths worldwide. Proteinuria is now widely known to be a significant predictor of renal pathologies including end-stage renal disease. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the presence of microalbuminuria (MA) in obese individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients attending the outpatient department of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha...

OBJECTIVE: Cyclic acetals such as are naturally occurring compounds capable of acting as co-initiators during free-radical polymerisation, and potentially serve to offer non-allergic and biologically less toxic alternatives to conventional (tertiary) amines. The current study aimed to evaluate the polymerisation efficiency and potential toxicity of cyclic acetals compared with conventional photoinitiator systems in photocurable dental resins. METHODS: Both, 1,3 benzodioxole (BZD) and piperonyl alcohol (PA) were used in 0...

To understand and engineer plant metabolism, we need a comprehensive and accurate annotation of all metabolic information across plant species. As a step towards this goal, we generated genome-scale metabolic pathway databases of 126 algal and plant genomes, ranging from model organisms to crops to medicinal plants (https://plantcyc.org). Of these, 104 have not been reported before. We systematically evaluated the quality of the databases, which revealed that our semi-automated validation pipeline dramatically improves the quality...

BACKGROUND: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is inversely associated with mortality in apparently healthy subjects and in some clinical populations, but evidence for the association between CRF and all-cause and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in patients with established CVD is lacking. This study aimed to quantify this association. METHODS: We searched for prospective cohort studies that measured CRF with cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with CVD and that examined all-cause and CVD mortality with at least 6 months of follow-up...

Rheumatic diseases are a group of chronic autoimmune disorders that involve multiple organs or systems and have high mortality. The mechanisms of these diseases are still ill-defined, and targeted therapeutic strategies are still challenging for physicians. Recent research indicates that cell metabolism plays important roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. In this review, we mainly focus on lipid metabolism profiles (dyslipidaemia, fatty acid metabolism) and mechanisms in rheumatic diseases and discuss potential clinical applications based on lipid metabolism profiles...

Over the past decade, it has become clear that lipid homeostasis is central to cellular metabolism. Lipids are particularly abundant in the central nervous system (CNS) where they modulate membrane fluidity, electric signal transduction, and synaptic stabilization. Abnormal lipid profiles reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and traumatic brain injury (TBI), are further support for the importance of lipid metablism in the nervous system. Cardiolipin (CL), a mitochondria-exclusive phospholipid, has recently emerged as a focus of neurodegenerative disease research...

Mitochondral DNA is located in organelle that house essential metablic reactions and contain high reactive oxygen species. Therefore, mitochondrial DNA suffers more oxidative damage than its nuclear counterpart. Formation of a repair enzyme complex is beneficial to DNA repair. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial DNA polymerase (Pol γ) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) were found in the same complex along with other mitochondrial DNA repair enzymes and mitochondrial PARP1 level is correlated with mtDNA integrity...

Recent Advances: The 2019 Nobel Prize awarded to the mechanisms for oxygen sensing and adaptation according to oxygen availability, highlighting the fundamental importance of gaseous molecules. Gaseous molecules including reactive oxygen species (ROS) can interact with different cations generated during metabolic and redox dysregulation in cancer cells. Crosstalk between calcium signaling and metabolic/redox pathways leads to network-based dyregulation in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Recent discovery on using small molecules targeting the ion channels, redox signaling, and protein modification on metabolic enzymes can effectively inhibit cancer growth...

INTRODUCTION: Radix Saposhnikoviae is an excellent source of chromones, the consumption of which has been shown to positively affect human health, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in vivo, and it also has been used to treat headache, inflammation, and cancer as a herbal medicine or functional soup. OBJECTIVE: Isolation and screening of lipoxidase (LOX) inhibitors from Radix Saposhnikoviae. As a result, the metabolism of the active ingredients in cytochrome P450 (CYP450) in vitro was identified...

Chronic stress or excessive exposure to glucocorticoids (GC) contributes to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediates the action of GC, but its downstream signalling is not fully understood. Fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) protein and its demethylation substrate N6-methyladenosine (m6 A) are both reported to participate in the regulation of lipid metabolism, yet it remains unknown whether they are involved in GC-induced hepatic lipid accumulation as new components of GR signalling...

miR-145 has been found to be a participant in cancer metastasis and glucose metabolism in ovarian cancer. However, the role of glutamine metabolism in ovarian cancer remains unclear. In this study, we aim to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of glutamine metabolism by miR-145 in ovarian cancer cells. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of miR-145 and glutaminase 1 (GLS1) were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The protein levels of c-myc and GLS1 were detected by western blot analysis...

BACKGROUND: Dietary salts sodium (Na+ ), potassium (K+ ), magnesium (Mg2+ ), and calcium (Ca2+ ) are important in metabolic diseases. Yet, we do not have sufficient understanding on the salts global molecular network in these diseases. In this systematic review we have pooled information to identify the general effect of salts on obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension. AIMS: To assess the roles of salts in metabolic disorders by focusing on their individual effect and the network effect among these salts...

Background: Previous studies have revealed the inductive effect of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) catabolism on fatty acid oxidation and metabolism, especially in muscle cells. In the present investigation, we have attempted to address whether a combination of BCAAs supplement consumption with aerobic exercise could elaborate the expression of PPAR γ, Pgc-1α and Fndc5 genes in gastrocnemius muscle and heart tissue of male C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Thirty-six young male mice with an average weight of 18 ± 2 g were selected...