plasmalogen

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify menopause-related gut microbial features, as well as their related metabolites and inflammatory protein markers, and link with cardiometabolic risk factors in women with and without HIV. METHODS: In the Women's Interagency HIV Study, we performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing on 696 stool samples from 446 participants (67% women with HIV), and quantified plasma metabolomics and serum proteomics in a subset (~86%). We examined the associations of menopause (postmenopausal vs premenopausal) with gut microbial features in a cross-sectional repeated-measures design and further evaluated those features in relation to metabolites, proteins, and cardiometabolic risk factors...

Myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase exert their antimicrobial functions through the oxidative actions of their hypohalous acid products. Plasmalogen phospholipids are particularly susceptible to oxidation of their vinyl ether functional group by hypohalous acids. This produces a family of halogenated lipid products with pro-inflammatory roles and potential biomarker utility. The initial product of plasmalogen oxidation by HOCl is 2-chlorofatty aldehyde, which has been shown to play a key role at the blood-endothelium interface...

BACKGROUND: Currently, it is not possible to predict whether patients with hyperuricemia (HUA) will develop gout and how this progression may be affected by urate-lowering treatment (ULT). Our study aimed to evaluate differences in plasma lipidome between patients with asymptomatic HUA detected ≤ 40 years (HUA ≤ 40) and > 40 years, gout patients with disease onset ≤ 40 years (Gout ≤ 40) and > 40 years, and normouricemic healthy controls (HC)...

BACKGROUND: It is now understood that ferroptosis plays a significant role in the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain largely unclear. METHODS: In this study, we established a COPD mouse model through exposure to cigarette smoke particulates, followed by H&E staining, analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and immunohistochemistry assay...

BACKGROUND: Phospholipids are highly diverse molecules with pleiotropic biological roles, from membrane components and signaling molecules, whose composition can change in response to both endogenous and external stimuli. Recent lipidomic studies on edible bivalve mollusks were focused on lipid nutritional value and growth requirements. However, no data are available on phospholipid profiles during bivalve larval development. In the model marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis , early larvae (up to 48 hours post fertilization-hpf) undergo dramatic molecular and functional changes, including shell biogenesis and neurogenesis, that are sustained by egg lipid reserves...

During demyelination, lipid-rich myelin debris is released in the central nervous system (CNS) and must be phagocytosed and processed before new myelin can form. Although myelin comprises over 70% lipids, relatively little is known about how the CNS lipidome changes during demyelination and remyelination. In this study, we obtained a longitudinal lipidomic profile of the brain, spinal cord, and serum using a genetic mouse model of demyelination, known as Plp1 -iCKO- Myrf . The mass spectrometry data is available at the Metabolomics Workbench, where it has been assigned Study ID ST002958...

Plasmalogens (Pls) are considered to play a potential role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model of zebrafish induced by AlCl3 was established to investigate whether the marine-derived Pls could alleviate cognitive impairments of AD zebrafish. Behavioral tests were carried out to assess the athletic ability. The transcriptional profiles of zebrafish in the control, AD model and AD_PLS group were compared and analyzed to determine the potential mechanisms of dietary Pls on AD...

Alkylglycerols (1-O-alkyl-sn-glycerols) are microscale but critical lipids in foods. Conventional lipidomics analysis often loses sight of alkylglycerol analysis. In this study, we developed a high coverage pseudotargeted lipidomics method for analyzing alkylglycerols. The developed method integrated the advantages of GC-MS and LC-MS to profile alkylglycerol-type ether lipids comprehensively, with the help of a data processing Dart package termed FFIMA (Feature Fragments Information Matching Algorithm). The developed method exhibited competitive superiority to conventional lipidomics, such as wider coverage and higher accuracy...

Cyclic-AMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) is a leucine zipper class transcription factor that is activated through phosphorylation. Ample CREB phosphorylation is required for neurotrophin expression, which is of key importance for preventing and regenerating neurological disorders, including the sequelae of long COVID syndrome. Here we created lipid-peptide nanoassemblies with different liquid crystalline structural organizations (cubosomes, hexosomes, and vesicles) as innovative nanomedicine delivery systems of bioactive PUFA-plasmalogens (vinyl ether phospholipids with polyunsaturated fatty acid chains) and a neurotrophic pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)...

Blue mussels (Mytilus sp.) are an economically important species for European aquaculture. Their importance as a food source is expected to increase in the coming net-zero society due to their low environmental footprint; however, their production is affected by anthropogenic stressors and climate change. During reproduction, lipids are key molecules for mussels as they are the main source of energy on which newly hatched embryos depend in the first days of their development. In this work, blue mussels of different origins are analysed, focusing on the differences in lipid composition between the ovary (BMO) and the testis (BMT)...

Thermophily is an ancient trait among microorganisms. The molecular principles to sustain high temperatures, however, are often described as adaptations , somewhat implying that they evolved from a non-thermophilic background and that thermophiles, i.e., organisms with growth temperature optima (TOPT ) above 45°C, evolved from mesophilic organisms (TOPT 25-45°C). On the contrary, it has also been argued that LUCA, the last universal common ancestor of Bacteria and Archaea , may have been a thermophile, and mesophily is the derived trait...

INTRODUCTION: SARS-CoV-2 subverts host cell processes to facilitate rapid replication and dissemination, and this leads to pathological inflammation. METHODS: We used niclosamide (NIC), a poorly soluble anti-helminth drug identified initially for repurposed treatment of COVID-19, which activates the cells' autophagic and lipophagic processes as a chemical probe to determine if it can modulate the host cell's total lipid profile that would otherwise be either amplified or reduced during SARS-CoV-2 infection...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: High-throughput metabolomics technologies in a variety of study designs have demonstrated a consistent metabolomic signature of overweight and type 2 diabetes. However, the extent to which these metabolomic patterns can be reversed with weight loss and diabetes remission has been weakly investigated. We aimed to characterise the metabolomic consequences of a weight-loss intervention in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We analysed 574 fasted serum samples collected within an existing RCT (the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial [DiRECT]) (N=298)...

Mitochondrial function is vital for energy metabolism in thermogenic adipocytes. Impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics in brown adipocytes are linked to disrupted thermogenesis and energy balance in obesity and aging. Phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidic acid (PA) jointly regulate mitochondrial membrane architecture and dynamics, with mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) serving as the platform for phospholipid biosynthesis and metabolism. However, little is known about the regulators of MAM phospholipid metabolism and their connection to mitochondrial function...

BACKGROUND: Zellweger spectrum disorder (ZSD) (OMIM#214100) is a phenotypic continuum ranging from severe to mild presentations. ZSD is now used in all individuals with a defect in one of the 13 ZSD-PEX genes, regardless of phenotype. Diagnosis can be suggested by abnormal levels of very long-chain fatty acids, phytanic acid, pristanic acid, plasmalogens, pipecolic acid, or bile acids. However, false negatives are frequent, mostly in older patients. Definite diagnosis is established in a proband with suggestive clinical findings by identification of biallelic pathogenic variants in one of the 13 ZSD-PEX genes...

Mitochondrial morphology, which is controlled by mitochondrial fission and fusion, is an important regulator of the thermogenic capacity of brown adipocytes. Adipose-specific peroxisome deficiency impairs thermogenesis by inhibiting cold-induced mitochondrial fission due to decreased mitochondrial membrane content of the peroxisome-derived lipids called plasmalogens. Here, we identify TMEM135 as a critical mediator of the peroxisomal regulation of mitochondrial fission and thermogenesis. Adipose-specific TMEM135 knockout in mice blocks mitochondrial fission, impairs thermogenesis, and increases diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance...

BACKGROUND: We have previously reported that maternal obesity reduces placental transport capacity for lysophosphatidylcholine-docosahexaenoic acid (LPC-DHA), a preferred form for transfer of DHA (omega 3) to the fetal brain, but only in male fetuses. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), have either sn-1 ester, ether or vinyl ether (plasmalogen) linkages to primarily unsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and DHA or arachidonic acid (ARA, omega 6) in the sn-2 position...

Physical activity (PA) is known to have beneficial effects on health, primarily through its antioxidative stress properties. However, the specific metabolic pathways that underlie these effects are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic pathways that are involved in the protective effects of moderate PA in non-obese and healthy individuals. Data on 305 young, non-obese participants were obtained from the Qatar Biobank. The participants were classified as active or sedentary based on their self-reported PA levels...

Plasmalogens are a unique family of cellular glycerophospholipids that contain a vinyl-ether bond. The synthesis of plasmalogens is initiated in peroxisomes and completed in the endoplasmic reticulum. Plasmalogens are transported to the post-Golgi compartment, including endosomes and plasma membranes, in a manner dependent on ATP, but not vesicular transport. Plasmalogens are preferentially localized in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in a manner dependent on P4-type ATPase ATP8B2, that associates with the CDC50 subunit...

Measurement of plasmalogens is useful for the biochemical diagnosis of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) and is also informative for Zellweger spectrum disorders (ZSD). We have developed a test method for the simultaneous quantitation of C16:0, C18:0, and C018:1 plasmalogen (PG) species and their corresponding fatty acids (FAs) in dried blood spots (DBS) and erythrocytes (RBC) by using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Normal reference ranges for measured markers and 10 calculated ratios were established by the analysis of 720 and 473 unaffected DBS and RBC samples, respectively...