Alveolus

PURPOSE: The aim of the present radiological study was to analyze the alveolar bone morphology of the lower molars in physiological conditions. The main goal is to describe the bone anatomy of a hypothetically postextractive site in lower molar area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Computed tomography scans of 100 patients were examined. Axial, paraxial, and Panorex sections were analyzed using a dedicated software. Precise reference points were encoded to make the bone measurements clear and repeatable...

OBJECTIVE: Previously, a new embryological classification was introduced subdividing oral clefts into fusion and/or differentiation defects. This subdivision was used to classify all subphenotypes of cleft lip with or without alveolus (CL±A). Subsequently, it was investigated whether further morphological grading of incomplete CLs is clinically relevant, and which alveolar part is deficient in fusion/differentiation defects. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. SETTING: Three hundred fifty adult unoperated Indonesian cleft patients presented themselves for operation...

An estimated 3% of US pregnancies are affected by maternal thyroid dysfunction, with between one and three of every 1000 pregnancies being complicated by overactive maternal thyroid levels. Excess thyroid hormones are linked to neurological impairment and excessive craniofacial variation, affecting both endochondral and intramembranous bone. Using a geometric morphometric approach, this study evaluates the role of in utero thyroxine overexposure on the growth of offspring mandibles in a sample of 241 mice. Canonical variate analysis utilized 16 unilateral mandibular landmarks obtained from 3D micro-computed tomography to assess shape changes between unexposed controls (n = 63) and exposed mice (n = 178)...

INTRODUCTION: Odontogenic infections originate from a tooth or from its supporting structures, generally secondary to a pulp necrosis, periodontal disease, pericoronitis, apical lesions, or complications of dental procedures, which can be restricted to the alveolus or can reach the jaws and face through maxillofacial spaces. These are the most common conditions which affect the head and neck regions. AIM: The aim of this study is to report a severe case of a cervicofacial odontogenic infection while discussing the most relevant aspects...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness of panoramic radiographs in determining the labio-palatal position of maxillary impacted canines (MICs) and root resorption of permanent incisors on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in correlation with the mesiodistal position of MICs on panoramic radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective radiographic study reviewed 64 patients with 86 MICs. Subjects were divided into two groups: group I (<15 years old) and group II (>15 years old)...

A discrete dysplastic lesion of the mandible found in a skeleton of a young adult male of the Middle Bronze Age in the Northern Caucasus/Russia is described. The periapical lesion of the right lower canine alveolus was examined by digital microscopy, plain radiology, and plain and polarizing microscopy. Its macroscopic, radiologic and microscopic characteristics are discussed in reference to different fibro-osseous lesions arising from the odontogenic apparatus and maxillofacial skeleton. Periapical osseous dysplasia was considered to be the most likely diagnosis...

Polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) is a distinctive salivary gland neoplasm that predominantly occurs in the minor salivary glands. The tumor is characterized by cytological uniformity, morphological diversity, an infiltrative growth pattern and low metastatic potential. It presents as an asymptomatic, slow- growing mass within the oral cavity. This salivary gland tumor is difficult to diagnose both clinically and histopathologically due to its indolent presentation and diverse architectural pattern which includes various microscopic patterns namely- solid, ductal-tubular, cribriform, trabecular and single-file growth...

Functional tissue regeneration is required for the restoration of normal organ homeostasis after severe injury. Some organs, such as the intestine, harbour active stem cells throughout homeostasis and regeneration; more quiescent organs, such as the lung, often contain facultative progenitor cells that are recruited after injury to participate in regeneration. Here we show that a Wnt-responsive alveolar epithelial progenitor (AEP) lineage within the alveolar type 2 cell population acts as a major facultative progenitor cell in the distal lung...

We report an unusual case of a young Quarter Horse with a large dental fracture fragment displaced into the maxillary sinus, leaving an oroantral communication that caused food impaction and metaplastic calcification in the sinus and facial deformation with cutaneous fistulation. Oral extraction of a remaining tooth fragment from its alveolus was succeeded by a maxillary sinusotomy for removal of the abnormal sinus contents. Since the oroantral fistula did not heal spontaneously following the placement of a silicone dental prosthesis, minimally invasive transbuccal and transnasal endoscopic approaches were used to encourage closure of the oroantral fistula by alveolar granulation...

The co-contamination of cereals, grains, crops, and animal feeds by mycotoxins is a universal problem. Humans and animals are exposed to several mycotoxins simultaneously as evidenced by extensive studies on this topic. Yet, most studies have addressed the effects of mycotoxins individually. Aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A can induce immunotoxicity. However, it remains unclear whether a combination of these mycotoxins aggravates immunotoxicity and the potential mechanism underlying this effect. In this study, we used the cell line 3D4/21, swine alveolus macrophages and innate immune cell...

Edentulism presents an ongoing challenge for prosthodontic dentistry. Many aspects of complete denture construction lack contemporary evidence. One such aspect is denture occlusion. Balanced occlusion (BO) has become the prevailing occlusal scheme. It has been suggested that canine guidance (CG) is unsuitable for complete denture occlusion due to an increased risk for tipping of the prostheses. However it may be indicated in patients with minimal alveolus resorption. There has been limited evidence suggesting the superiority of either occlusal scheme over another...

Lung diseases impose a significant socioeconomic burden and are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Moreover, respiratory medicine, unlike several other therapeutic areas, faces a disappointingly low number of new approved therapies. This is partly due to lack of reliable in vitro or in vivo models that can reproduce organ-level complexity and pathophysiological responses of human lung. Here, we examine new opportunities in application of recently emerged organ-on-chip technology to model human lung alveolus and small airway in preclinical drug development and biomarker discovery...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To propose a classification of alveolar morphotype, and assess a relationship between extraction/non-extraction orthodontic treatment and changes to the alveolar process. METHODS: Seventy-five subjects (mean age = 23.2, SD = 5.1) were selected. Areas of the sections of the alveolar process (ASAP) at three different levels (0, 2, and 4 mm) were measured on pre- and post-treatment 3D digital models. Method reliability was analyzed using Dahlberg's formula, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and paired t-tests...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate alveolar bone support around cleft-adjacent maxillary central incisors (U1) in patients with unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate (UCLAP) in the late mixed dentition and to investigate the correlation between the alveolar bone thickness (ABT) and tooth inclination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cone beam computed tomography scans of 45 subjects with UCLAP (29 boys, 16 girls; mean age = 10.74 ± 1.08 years) were assessed. The distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and alveolar bone crest (AC), and the ABTs at 3 mm, 6 mm, and the apex were measured on the labial, lingual and distal surfaces of U1...

Quzhou Fructus Aurantii (QFA) is an authentic herb of local varieties in Zhejiang, China, which is usually used to treat gastrointestinal illnesses, but its effects on respiratory inflammation have not been reported yet. In our study, the anti-inflammatory activity of QFA extract (QFAE) was evaluated on copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O)-induced transgenic neutrophil fluorescent zebrafish model. QFAE showed a significant effect of anti-inflammation in CuSO4·5H2O-induced zebrafish by reducing the neutrophil number in the inflammatory site...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of nasoalveolar molding (NAM) on nasal airway architecture. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study of patients with unilateral cleft lip treated with NAM vs without NAM. SETTING: Tertiary referral center specializing in cleft and craniofacial care. Patients, Participants, and Interventions: Thirty-six patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and alveolus: 19 with NAM therapy and 17 without NAM therapy...

BACKGROUND: Nylon teeth myth is a belief of associating infant illnesses with bulges on infants' alveolus that mark the positions of underlying developing teeth and that it is necessary to treat the condition mainly by traditional healers to prevent infant death. The traditional treatment often leads to serious complications that may lead to infant death. Although the government instituted educational campaigns against the myth in 1980s to 1990s, to date, repeated unpublished reports from different parts of the country indicate continued existence of the myth...

Objectives: To define the possible complications of oral surgery in childhood in patients affected by type 1 Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and treated with bisphosphonates (BP). Methods: The study was conducted among 20 patients in childhood with an age range 8-14 (12 ♂ e 8 ♀) affected by OI. Patients were initially evaluated at the Policlinico Umberto I, University Hospital of Rome, Rare Disease Center Skeletal Dysplasia-Bone Metabolic Pathologies and after at the Policlinico Umberto I, University Hospital of Rome, Head and Neck Department, UOC Pediatric Dentistry...

Schwannomas or neurilemmomas are benign, slow growing, usually solitary and encapsulated tumor, originating from Schwann cells of the nerve sheath. Intraoral schwannomas account for 1% of head and neck region and are commonly seen at the base of the tongue. Most of the literature, reports of schwannomas in the tongue region are common. In this article we report a rare occurrence of schwannoma in the maxillary alveolus region and its management. A 45 year old female patient reported to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery with a complaint of swelling in the left maxillary alveolus in relation to molar teeth that had been present for more than 3 months...

Background: Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a biologically active lysophospholipid mediator involved in modulating inflammatory process. We investigated the effects of FTY720, a structural analogue of S1P after phosphorylation, on lung injury induced by hindlimb ischemia reperfusion (IR) in rats. Methods: Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups SM, IR, F3, F5, and F10. Group SM received sham operation, and bilateral hindlimb IR was established in group IR...