Alveolus

Primary cardiac tumors are rare with angiosarcoma being the most common among malignant cardiac tumor. We present a case of 30-year-old female patient in whom F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography demonstrated a necrotic mass in right atrium with multiple fluorodeoxyglucose avid lesions in both upper and lower alveolus, liver, multiple bones, and bilateral lungs. Patient underwent biopsy from gum swelling which revealed metastatic angiosarcoma.

Pulmonary thrombosis is a significant cause of patient mortality, however, there are no effective in vitro models of thrombi formation in human lung microvessels, that could also assess therapeutics and toxicology of antithrombotic drugs. Here we show that a microfluidic lung alveolus-on-a-chip lined by human primary alveolar epithelium interfaced with endothelium, and cultured under flowing whole blood can be used to perform quantitative analysis of organ-level contributions to inflammation-induced thrombosis...

A clinical problem commonly encountered by the advanced restorative dentist is a requirement to replace missing teeth and the supporting alveolus in areas adjacent to healthy or manageable dentition. A potential solution could utilize a dentoalveolar prosthesis fabricated on two or more implants in the edentulous area. The implant substructure, or framework, may be cast, milled, or selectively laser melted from a variety of metals. A superstructure, or ceramic overlay incorporating a ceramic or composite resin gingival tissue component, is constructed to fit over the implant substructure and luted to the substructure with resin cement...

This systematic review provides an overview of studies on autotransplantation techniques using rapid prototyping for preoperative fabrication of donor tooth replicas for preparation of the neo-alveolus. Different three-dimensional autotransplantation techniques and their treatment outcomes are discussed. The systematic literature search yielded 19 articles that satisfied the criteria for inclusion. These papers described one case-control study, four clinical observational studies, one study with a clinical and in vitro part, four in vitro studies, and nine case reports...

BACKGROUNDS: This paper describes an additional benefit in double anterior segmental osteotomy to correct severe anterior protrusion in adult patients with extremely thin mandibular alveolus and ankylosed tooth. For the optimal anterior segmental retraction, an ankylosed posterior tooth needed surgical inclination reposition. During anterior segmental osteotomy surgery under local anesthesia, additional single tooth osteotomy was performed without challenge. METHODS: For anterior segment retraction, osteotomy cuts were made by the surgeon to define a block of bone embedding 6 mandibular anterior teeth...

BACKGROUND: The goals of successful palate repair include optimization of speech and feeding, avoidance of fistula formation, and mitigation of adverse maxillary growth. However, the effects of scar formation on maxillary growth have not been discussed in detail. METHODS: Between November 2010 and December 2011, the palateplasty was performed for 24 patients with cleft palate (median age, 12 months; range, 11-18 months). In the velum, a symmetrical intravelar veloplasty with mucosal Z-plasty was performed on both the nasal and oral sides...

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) has a fatal hypoxemia from pulmonary shunts. Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) deficiency involves in this pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) on HPS via SOD3. Carbon tetrachloride induced HPS rats were treated with captopril or DG for 56 days. Blood gas, pulmonary artery pressures, and histological changes were measured. Molecule dynamics of inducible (iNOS), endothelial (eNOS), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and SOD3 were assessed by immunohistochemistry, quantitative RT-PCR and western blot...

Corticision is a common technique to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement; however, not much is known about the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of alveolar tissue remodeling after corticision in a rat model of tooth movement (TM) by analyzing the differential transcriptome. A total of 36 male rats were equally divided into TM and TM with corticision (TM+C) groups. Alveolar bone response was examined using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Osteoclasts and osteoblasts were quantified on tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and Goldner's trichrome staining...

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is one of the key players of brain-pituitary-gonad axis, exerting overall control over vertebrate reproduction. In zebrafish, two variants were characterized and named as Gnrh2 and Gnrh3. In this species, Gnrh3, the hypohysiotropic form, is expressed by neurons of the olfactory-retinal system, where it is related with food detection, intra/interspecific recognition, visual acuity and retinal processing modulation. Previous studies have reported the presence of Gnrh receptors in the zebrafish retina, but not yet in the zebrafish olfactory epithelium...

Air pollution is getting severe and concerns about its toxicity effects on airway and lung disease are also increasing. Particulate matter (PM) is major component of air pollutant. It causes respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and so on. PM particles enter the airway and lung by inhalation, causing damages to them. Especially, PM2.5 can penetrate into the alveolus and pass to the systemic circulation. It can affect the cardiopulmonary system and cause cardiopulmonary disorders...

Female coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, were fed one of two experimental feeds containing lipids with markedly different stable (13)C isotope signatures during the late cortical alveolus, lipid droplet, and vitellogenesis stages of secondary oocyte growth. Ovarian and muscle lipids fatty acid concentrations were significantly affected by treatment during all three stages of development. Stable (13)C isotope analyses confirmed that dietary lipids were incorporated into both ovarian and muscle lipids during all three stages and revealed that ovarian lipids were more affected than muscle lipids during vitellogenesis...

In most mammals, compensatory lung growth occurs after the removal of one lung (pneumonectomy). Although the mechanism of alveolar growth is unknown, the patterning of complex alveolar geometry over organ-sized length scales is a central question in regenerative lung biology. Because shear forces appear capable of signaling the differentiation of important cells involved in neoalveolarization (fibroblasts and myofibroblasts), interstitial fluid mechanics provide a potential mechanism for the patterning of alveolar growth...

The pathways and mechanisms that regulate pulmonary surfactant synthesis, processing, secretion and catabolism have been extensively characterised using classical biochemical and analytical approaches. These have constructed a model, largely in experimental animals, for surfactant phospholipid metabolism in the alveolar epithelial cell whereby phospholipid synthesised on the endoplasmic reticulum is selectively transported to lamellar body storage vesicles, where it is subsequently processed before secretion into the alveolus...

We present a case of a 59-year-old man with left upper alveolar numbness of 2 years' duration in the absence of sinonasal symptoms. On physical examination, he demonstrated mild left facial asymmetry and diminished sensation of his left upper alveolus from the left second upper incisor to first canine. CT imaging revealed chronic sinusitis changes of the left maxillary sinus, with reduced volume and depressed anterior wall. The patient underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery to re-establish maxillary sinus ventilation...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the angulation of the maxillary anterior teeth relative to the alveolus to provide reference data for clinicians on the best conditions for implant placement in the esthetic zone. METHODS: Numerous cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were reviewed and screened. A total of 150 maxillary images were selected by strict adherence to the defined inclusive criteria, with 75 images each from male and female patients (between the ages of 19 and 48 years at the time of CBCT scan)...

This article details the significant complications associated with treatment of a patient who underwent maxillary reconstruction based entirely on zygomatic implants. The use of zygomatic implants is becoming increasingly widespread, and treatment has been shown to be predictable and generally free of surgical complications. However, extending from the maxillary alveolus, alongside or through the maxillary antrum, toward the zygoma or orbital rim, these long implants have the potential to create a range of complications that may be more serious than those encountered with conventional dental implants...

A Neolithic Belgian mandible from Bois Madame rockshelter in Arbre presents an asymmetrical morphology resulting from a secondary, or false, articulation of the right mandibular condyle. The pathological articulation produced enlarged masseter, medial pterygoid and mylohyoid musculature on the right side as well as a flattening of the right incisal alveolus curvature. The secondary condylar articulation did not lead to pronounced asymmetry of attrition on the antimeres of the dental arcade. This is the most complete mandible from this Late Neolithic collective burial dating to the beginning of the Bronze Age circa 4000 years BP...

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to evaluate long-term dental arch relationships in adults with a unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) treated by the Utrecht protocol and to compare results with the centers from the Eurocleft study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of UCLP patients age 17 or older, treated by two-stage palate closure at the Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, a tertiary center for cleft surgery in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Patients were invited to the clinic for a long-term evaluation...

Oral cancer, especially that originates in the maxillary tuberosity, buccal mucosa, and maxillary alveolus, is apt to invade the pterygopalatine fossa, where an intraoral approach is nearly impossible. There are 2 main types of extraoral approach to the pterygopalatine fossa; the anterior approach and the lateral approach. Although the lateral approach has an advantage compared with the anterior approach in terms of cosmetics, after the operation numbness of the lower lip occurs due to the sacrifice of the mental nerve...

Combined upper alveolectomy and segmental mandibulectomy are complex defects. Reconstruction of these defects is usually suboptimal. We describe the case of a pediatric patient with vessel-depleted neck with recurrent vascular malformation involving the ramus and coronoid process of mandible and a previous history of maxillectomy and a reconstruction with anterolateral thigh flap. The patient underwent wide resection. The defects involving the upper alveolus and mandible were simultaneously reconstructed with a single free fibula flap...