Fit bit

This Letter proposes a novel, to the best of our knowledge, coded modulation scheme for randomly coupled multi-core fiber (RC-MCF) via multidimensional (MD) constellation with concatenated two-level multilevel coding (MLC). In the proposed system, the 16-dimensional (16D) Voronoi constellation (VC), naturally fitting with the 16 degrees of freedom of a four-core fiber (two quadratures, two polarizations, and four cores), is generated by a latticed-based shaping method to provide higher shaping gains. Moreover, combining it with the concatenated two-level MLC can further achieve better performance-complexity trade-off...

Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (pMTJ)-based true-random number generators (RNG) can consume orders of magnitude less energy per bit than CMOS pseudo-RNG. Here, we numerically investigate with a macrospin Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation solver the use of pMTJs driven by spin-orbit torque to directly sample numbers from arbitrary probability distributions with the help of a tunable probability tree. The tree operates by dynamically biasing sequences of pMTJ relaxation events, called 'coinflips', via an additional applied spin-transfer-torque current...

We study the (1:s+1) success rule for controlling the population size of the (1,λ)- EA. It was shown by Hevia Fajardo and Sudholt that this parameter control mechanism can run into problems for large s if the fitness landscape is too easy. They conjectured that this problem is worst for the ONEMAX benchmark, since in some well-established sense ONEMAX is known to be the easiest fitness landscape. In this paper we disprove this conjecture. We show that there exist s and ɛ such that the self-adjusting (1,λ)-EA with the (1:s+1)-rule optimizes ONEMAX efficiently when started with ɛn zero-bits, but does not find the optimum in polynomial time on DYNAMIC BINVAL...

The childbirth experience and birth-related trauma are influenced by various factors, including country, healthcare system, a woman's history of traumatic experiences, and the study's design and instruments. This study aimed to validate the City Birth Trauma scale for Lithuanian women post-childbirth. Using a descriptive, cross-sectional survey with a nonprobability sample of 794 women who gave birth from 2020-2021, the study found good validity, reliability, and presented the prevalence of birth-related stress symptoms...

Utilizing injectable devices for monitoring animal health offers several advantages over traditional wearable devices, including improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and enhanced immunity to motion artifacts. We present a wireless application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for injectable devices. The ASIC has multiple physiological sensing modalities including body temperature monitoring, electrocardiography (ECG), and photoplethysmography (PPG). The ASIC fabricated using the CMOS 180 nm process is sized to fit into an injectable microchip implant...

Synthetic mRNA is currently produced in standardized in vitro transcription systems. However, this one-size-fits-all approach has associated drawbacks in supply chain shortages, high reagent costs, complex product-related impurity profiles, and limited design options for molecule-specific optimization of product yield and quality. Herein, we describe for the first time development of an in vivo mRNA manufacturing platform, utilizing an Escherichia coli cell chassis. Coordinated mRNA, DNA, cell and media engineering, primarily focussed on disrupting interactions between synthetic mRNA molecules and host cell RNA degradation machinery, increased product yields >40-fold compared to standard "unengineered" E...

Several key technologies for advancing biopharmaceutical manufacturing depend on the successful implementation of process analytical technologies that can monitor multiple product quality attributes in a continuous in-line setting. Raman spectroscopy is an emerging technology in the biopharma industry that promises to fit this strategic need, yet its application is not widespread due to limited success for predicting a meaningful number of quality attributes. In this study, we addressed this very problem by demonstrating new capabilities for preprocessing Raman spectra using a series of Butterworth filters...

Pinpointing vibrational mode contributions to electron spin relaxation ( T 1 ) constitutes a key goal for developing molecular quantum bits (qubits) with long room-temperature coherence times. However, there remains no consensus to date as to the energy and symmetry of the relevant modes that drive relaxation. Here, we analyze a series of three geometrically-tunable S = ½ Cu(ii) porphyrins with varying degrees of ruffling distortion in the ground state. Theoretical calculations predict that increased distortion should activate low-energy ruffling modes (∼50 cm-1 ) for spin-phonon coupling, thereby causing faster spin relaxation in distorted porphyrins...

AUDIENCE: This simulation is intended for 4th year medical students. BACKGROUND: Shock is the result of inadequate circulation and failure to perfuse tissues, leading to cellular and organ dysfunction.1 Anaphylactic shock specifically is a type of distributive shock secondary to an IgE (immunoglobulin E) dependent reaction, which can result in respiratory compromise and cardiovascular collapse. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network (NIAID/FAAN) laid out three diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of anaphylaxis...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has consistently proven to be a multifactorial and highly comorbid disease. Despite recent depression-related research demonstrating causalities between MDD-related factors and a small number of variables, including brain structural changes, a high-statistical power analysis of the various factors is yet to be conducted. We retrospectively analyzed data from 155 participants (84 healthy controls and 71 patients with MDD). We used magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging data, scales assessing childhood trauma, depression severity, cognitive dysfunction, impulsivity, and suicidal ideation...

We propose a simple but high-performance trigonometric-memory-polynomial decision-feedback equalizer (TMP-DFE) to cope with the nonlinear distortions in intensity-modulation direct-detection (IM/DD) systems. The proposed method employs sine and cosine operations of received samples, which can be implemented by the efficient CORDIC algorithm using only additions and shifts, to fit odd- and even-order nonlinearities with the effect of different nonlinear orders adjusted by the nonlinear factor. We further propose TMP improved-weighted DFE (TMP-IWDFE) to reduce the error propagation probability of decision feedback...

BACKGROUND: The rapidly growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has expanded the number of multidisease models predicting future care needs and health system priorities. Usefulness of these models depends on their ability to replicate real-life data and be readily understood and applied by public health decision-makers; yet existing simulation models of HIV comorbidities are computationally expensive and require large numbers of parameters and long run times, which hinders their utility in resource-constrained settings...

As an indicator of the optical characteristics of perovskite materials, the band gap is a crucial parameter that impacts the functionality of a wide range of optoelectronic devices. Obtaining the band gap of a material via a labor-intensive, time-consuming, and inefficient high-throughput calculation based on first principles is possible. However, it does not yield the most accurate results. Machine learning techniques emerge as a viable and effective substitute for conventional approaches in band gap prediction...

Digital twin (DT) is a virtual and digital representation of physical objects or processes. In this paper, this concept is applied to dynamic control of the collection window in the ion exchange chromatography (IEC) toward sample variations. A possible structure of a feedforward model-based control DT system was proposed. Initially, a precise IEC mechanistic model was established through experiments, model fitting, and validation. The average root mean square error (RMSE) of fitting and validation was 8...

Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum) is one of the most devastating pathogens in terms of losses in agricultural production. Bentonite (Bent) is a promising synergistic agent used in development of effective and environmentally friendly pesticides against plant disease. However, the synergistic mechanism of Bent nanoclays with benzothiazolinone (BIT) against R. solanacearum is unknown. In this work, acid-functionalized porous Bent and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were employed as the core nanoclays, and BIT was loaded into the clay to form BIT-loaded CT-Bent (BIT@CT-Bent) for the control of bacterial wilt disease...

INTRODUCTION: Digital health has the potential to support health care in rural areas by overcoming the problems of distance and poor infrastructure, however, rural areas have extremely low use of digital health because of the lack of interaction with technology. There is no existing tool to measure digital health literacy in rural China. This study aims to test and validate the digital health readiness questionnaire for assessing digital readiness among patients in rural China. METHODS: Due to the different Internet environments in China compared to Belgium, a cultural adaptation is needed to optimize the use of Digital Health Readiness Questionnaire in China...

Bioreactor scale-up is complicated by dynamic interactions between mixing, reaction, mass transfer, and biological phenomena, the effects of which are usually predicted with simple correlations or case-specific simulations. This two-part study investigated whether axial diffusion equations could be used to calculate mixing times and to model and characterize large-scale stirred bioreactors in a general and predictive manner without fitting the dispersion coefficient. In this first part, a resistances-in-series model analogous to basic heat transfer theory was developed to estimate the dispersion coefficient such that only available hydrodynamic numbers and literature data were needed in calculations...

Many experiments suggest that long-term information associated with neuronal memory resides collectively in dendritic spines. However, spines can have a limited size due to metabolic and neuroanatomical constraints, which should effectively limit the amount of encoded information in excitatory synapses. This study investigates how much information can be stored in the population of sizes of dendritic spines, and whether it is optimal in any sense. It is shown here, using empirical data for several mammalian brains across different regions and physiological conditions, that dendritic spines nearly maximize entropy contained in their volumes and surface areas for a given mean size in cortical and hippocampal regions...

Although underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has the advantages of high speed, low latency, and high confidentiality, the transmission of light in water will be affected by the absorption and scattering of particles, which will lead to the aggravation of channel path loss as well as channel pulse spreading, finally causing false codes. Therefore, how to analyze the channel impulse response (CIR) effectively is a key task in channel modeling. In this paper, we consider a two-way underwater vertical line-of-sight (LOS) communication system model, based on the inherent optical property (IOP) model of chlorophyll, using the Kopelevich phase function containing water depth information, the CIR curves under different water types and transceiver configurations are plotted using the Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS)...

OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify factors associated with sexual interest and activity among adults with spina bifida and to describe the sexual profile of those who were sexually active. Sexual health of adults with spina bifida is often neglected and current knowledge on the topic is limited. METHODS: An anonymous web-based survey was advertised and administered between March 2018 and September 2018 and participants 16 years and older with spina bifida were included in this study...