IgE

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Food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) is a non-IgE-mediated allergic condition that presents with hematochezia in otherwise healthy infants. It is most commonly induced by cow's milk protein via breast milk or formula. The prognosis for FPIAP is generally considered favorable with most infants achieving symptomatic resolution after diet modification. Most infants go on to tolerate the offending foods by 1-3 years of age. Over 8 years at our institution, five patients were identified and noted to have FPIAP to cow's milk during infancy with subsequent development of IgE-mediated allergic reaction to cow's milk and other foods...

PURPOSE: Our aim was to evaluate the accuracy of a combined airway inflammatory biomarker assessment in diagnosing asthma in elite water sports athletes. METHODS: Members of the Hungarian Olympic and Junior Swim Team and elite athletes from other aquatic disciplines were assessed for asthma by objective lung function measurements, and blood eosinophil count (BEC), serum total IgE, FENO measurements, and skin prick testing were performed. A scoring system from BEC, FENO, serum IgE, and skin test positivity was constructed by dichotomising the variables and assigning a score of 1 if the variable is elevated...

In Australia, neuromuscular blocking agents are the leading cause of perioperative anaphylaxis. Current investigation of suspected anaphylaxis includes tryptase levels, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, and skin testing, including intradermal testing and skin prick testing. The gold standard for the diagnosis of a hypersensitivity reaction is a challenge test, but this poses a risk to patient safety. An alternative test, known as the basophil activation test (BAT) is a form of cellular in vitro testing using flow cytometry to measure the degree of basophil degranulation within a sample of blood following exposure to an allergen...

BACKGROUND: A significant association between atopic dermatitis and leaky gut syndrome has been demonstrated in humans. No studies have been conducted to determine whether there is an association between atopic dermatitis and intestinal damage in dogs. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine whether there is an association between canine atopic dermatitis and intestinal damage using selected intestinal-related biomarkers. METHODS: Twenty-six dogs with atopic dermatitis and 10 healthy dogs were included...

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections associated with numerous hospitalizations. Recently, intramuscular (i.m.) vaccines against RSV have been approved for elderly and pregnant women. Noninvasive mucosal vaccination, e.g., by inhalation, offers an alternative against respiratory pathogens like RSV. Effective mucosal vaccines induce local immune responses, potentially resulting in the efficient and fast elimination of respiratory viruses after natural infection...

In recent years, the quest for an efficient and sustainable adsorbent material that can effectively remove harmful and hazardous dyes from industrial effluent has become more intense. The goal is to explore the capability of thermally modified nanocrystalline snail shells (TMNSS) as a new biosorbent for removing methylene blue (MB) dye from contaminated wastewater. TMNSS was employed in batch adsorption experiments to remove MB dye from its solutions, taking into account various adsorption parameters such as contact time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration...

INTRODUCTION: There are multiple historic reports linking lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in children with food allergies (FA), but contemporary studies are sparse. The objective of this study was to evaluate a potential link between FA and LUTS in the pediatric population. We hypothesized that children with FAs are more likely to have LUTS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After local IRB approval, pediatric patients (6-17 years [y]) with FAs proven by positive skin prick and/or serum IgE testing were invited to participate...

BACKGROUND: Although allergy might be another factor that exacerbates lupus as demonstrated by several epidemiologic studies, the direct correlation between lupus activities and allergy is still in question. OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between allergic reaction and lupus activities. METHODS: The allergic asthma model using ovalbumin (OVA) administration in wildtype (WT) and Fc gamma receptor IIb deficient (FcgRIIb-/-) mice (a lupus-prone model) together with in vitro experiments on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) were performed...

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a prevalent respiratory inflammatory disease. Abnormal apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells is one of the major factors in the progression of asthma. Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors are highly expressed in bronchial epithelial cells, which act as a component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore to regulate its opening and closing and apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which peripheral benzodiazepine receptor and its ligands, agonist 4'-Chlorodiazepam (Ro5-4864) and antagonist 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide (PK 11,195), modulate the mitochondrial function and cell apoptosis in the treatment of asthma...

BACKGROUND: Children with sensitization against foods have to be orally food-challenged before eating these foods for the first time. However, the waiting time for an oral food challenge (OFC) in Germany is about 3-6 months. In contrast, there are hints that an early introduction of allergenic foods might be protective regarding the development of food allergy. The aim of this clinical trial is therefore to investigate, whether an introduction and regular consumption of small amounts of food allergens is safe and will result in an increase of tolerance in children with sensitization against food allergens with unknown clinical relevance...

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INTRODUCTION: Déjà vu (DV), a French term meaning "already seen," refers to inappropriate sensation of familiarity in the present moment, as if it had been experienced before without a specific recollection of when or where. Traditionally, DV has been closely associated with focal seizures originating from the medial temporal lobe. However, there are occasional reports of DV occurring in idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs). The objective of our study was to assess the presence and frequency of DV in individuals with IGE...

Currently, few studies have demonstrated the relationship between total serum IgE (T-IgE) and acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). In this study, T-IgE in AECOPD patients were investigated and jointly analyzed with the clinical characteristics. AECOPD patients hospitalized from July 2018 to July 2019 were included in this study. In this patient cohort, clinical information was investigated. Routine blood tests, C-reactive protein and T-IgE levels of patients were determined along with blood gas analysis...

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Limited research has been conducted on the differences in allergenicity among Alectryonella plicatula tropomyosin (ATM), Haliotis discus hannai tropomyosin (HTM), and Mimachlamys nobilis tropomyosin (MTM) in molluscs. Our study aimed to comprehensively analyze and compare their immunoreactivity, sensitization, and allergenicity while simultaneously elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. We assessed the immune binding activity of TM utilizing 86 sera from allergic patients and evaluated sensitization and allergenicity through two different types of mouse models...

Mast cells have long been recognized for their involvement in allergic pathology through the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated degranulation mechanism. However, there is growing evidence of other "non-canonical" degranulation mechanisms activated by certain pathogen recognition receptors. Mast cells release several mediators, including histamine, cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes, to initiate and enhance inflammation. The chemical nature of activating stimuli influences receptors, triggering mechanisms for the secretion of formed and new synthesized mediators...

BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin E, IgE)-mediated degranulation of mast cells, MCs) provides rapid protection against environmental hazards, including animal venoms. A fraction of tissue-resident MCs intimately associates with blood vessels. These perivascular MCs were reported to extend projections into the vessel lumen and to be the first MCs to acquire intravenously injected IgE, suggesting that IgE loading of MCs depends on their vascular association. OBJECTIVE: We sought to elucidate the molecular basis of the MC-blood vessel interaction and to determine its relevance for IgE-mediated immune responses...

BACKGROUND: The anti-IgE monoclonal, omalizumab, is widely used for severe asthma. This study aimed to identify biomarkers that predict clinical improvement during one year of omalizumab treatment. METHODS: 1-year, open-label, S tudy o f M echanisms of action of O malizumab in S evere A sthma ( SoMOSA ) involving 216 severe (GINA step 4/5) uncontrolled atopic asthmatics (≥2 severe exacerbations in previous year) on high-dose inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting β-agonists, ± mOCS...

Anaphylaxis is a severe life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction induced by mast cell degranulation. Among the various mediators of mast cells, little is known about the role of tryptase. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the role of protease-activating receptor-2 (PAR-2), a receptor activated by tryptase, in murine anaphylactic models using PAR-2-deficient mice and newly generated tryptase-deficient mice. Anaphylaxis was induced by IgE-dependent and IgE-independent mast cell degranulation in mice. PAR-2 deficiency exacerbated the decrease in body temperature and hypotension during anaphylaxis; however, the number of skin mast cells, degree of mast cell degranulation, and systemic and local vascular hyperpermeability were comparable in PAR-2 knockout and wild-type mice...