Scapular kinematics

BACKGROUND: The debate surrounding the influence of the open Latarjet procedure on postoperative scapular motions persists, and there is no evidence regarding its effects on periscapular muscle activation. This study aimed to assess the short-term influence of open Latarjet procedure on scapular kinematics and periscapular muscle activity during arm raising and lowering based on comparisons between patient and healthy athletes. METHODS: 22 healthy male athletes and 22 male athletes scheduled for glenohumeral stabilization surgery by open Latarjet procedure were included...

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic exercise has been considered a useful tool to rehabilitate shoulder pain, namely through its influence on scapular dynamics. Accordingly, the effectiveness of scapular therapeutic exercise needs to be explored. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of scapular therapeutic exercises in shoulder pain and to identify the most effective exercise type (focal or multijoint) and ways of delivering them (as dose and progression). METHODS: Search was conducted at EMBASE, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database), and trial registration databases...

A skin marker-based motion capture model providing measures of scapular rotations was recently developed. The aim of this study was to investigate the concurrent validity and the interrater reliability of the model. Shoulder range of motion (RoM) and activities of daily living (ADL) were tested in healthy volunteers with reflective markers on the scapula and thorax. To investigate the validity, the model was compared to simultaneous data collection from markers on a scapular intracortical pin. The interrater reliability was tested by comparing the skin marker-based protocol performed by two investigators...

Shoulder injuries are common in baseball pitchers and primarily involve the glenohumeral joint. Past analyses have examined shoulder biomechanics during different pitch types simply as the motion of the upper arm relative to the thorax. In this study, glenohumeral and scapulothoracic kinematics were compared between fastballs and curveballs at key timepoints throughout a pitch. Upper extremity kinematics of thirteen collegiate pitchers were collected during fastball and curveball pitches with motion capture...

INTRODUCTION: In symptomatic patients with rotator cuff tear, MRI and radiographic studies have ascribed the pain symptom to insufficient humeral head depression during arm elevations. The arm adductors such as the teres major and pectoralis major may contribute to depression of the humerus head during arm elevations. Researchers have demonstrated that neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of the serratus anterior and lower trapezius can control scapular motions and improve acromiohumeral distance...

BACKGROUND: The rationale for the Latarjet procedure was described as the "triple blocking" effect. Satisfactory surgical outcomes have been reported after surgery. However, it has been reported that the "triple blocking" effect increases joint stability, but it does not fully restore it. Moreover, the procedure is nonanatomic and concerns remain regarding the effects. The study of scapulohumeral rhythm, which is a clinical parameter used for the functional evaluation of shoulder kinematics, can offer new perspectives on the rationale for the procedure...

BACKGROUND: The importance of several scapulothoracic muscles, including trapezius and serratus anterior, in maintaining physiological scapula kinematics has been highlighted in the past. However, the relationship between the scapula and the latissimus dorsi muscle remains unclear. Our clinical surgical observation is that the latissimus dorsi does not directly attach but rather runs superficial to the inferior angle of the scapula. Based on this observation, we hypothesise that the latissimus dorsi creates a dynamic track on which the scapula glides under the muscle belly during elevation of the arm, creating the latissimus-scapula overlap (LSO)...

Altered scapular kinematics is associated with shoulder pain. Resistance exercise is a common treatment; however, the effects of lifting an external load on scapular kinematics is limited. Understanding whether an external handheld load affects scapular kinematics in a healthy population can provide normal values utilized for comparison to individuals with shoulder pain. Currently, no studies have examined the effect of incrementally increased handheld loads. We defined the effects of varying external handheld loads on scapular kinematics during a shoulder elevation task...

BACKGROUND: Researchers have attempted to understand the underlying mechanism of the Latarjet procedure; however, its effects on shoulder kinematics have not been well studied. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose was to analyze shoulder kinematics after the Latarjet procedure. It was hypothesized that the nonanatomic transfer of the coracoid process during the procedure would affect normal shoulder kinematics. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study...

INTRODUCTION: Inertial measurement units allow for quantitative assessment of body motion in many environments. Determining the ability to measure upper limb motion with inertial measurement units, leveraging procedures traditionally used in the lab such as scapular calibration procedures and humeral axial rotation calculation, would expand the opportunities to assess upper limb function in externally valid environments. This study examined if humeral and scapular motion measured in different field settings is consistent with motion measured in a lab setting in similar tasks...

BACKGROUND: One proposed mechanism of rotator cuff disease is scapular motion impairments contributing to rotator cuff compression and subsequent degeneration. PURPOSE: To model the effects of scapular angular deviations on rotator cuff tendon proximity for subacromial and internal mechanical impingement risk during scapular plane abduction. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS: Three-dimensional bone models were reconstructed from computed tomography scans obtained from 10 asymptomatic subjects and 9 symptomatic subjects with a clinical presentation of impingement syndrome...

Scapular dyskinesis (SD) indicates dysfunction of the scapular muscle activity during the arm elevation, resulting in altered scapular kinematics. This study examined whether SD alters scapular muscle activity and kinematics during swim stroke motion. Seventeen swimmers (mean age: 13 ± 1 years) were divided into SD ( n  = 8) and control ( n = 9) groups. Scapular muscle activity (the upper, middle, and lower trapezius and the serratus anterior muscle) and kinematics data were collected and time-normalised (0-100%) during swim stroke motion by swim-bench on land...

BACKGROUND: Work-related forced postures, such as prolonged standing work, can lead to complaints in the lower back. Current research suggests that there is increased evidence of associations between patients with low back pain (LBP) and reduced lordosis in the lumbar spine and generally less spinal tilt in the sagittal plane. The aim of this study is to extend the influence of LBP to other parameters of upper body posture in standing, taking into account the rotational and frontal planes...

Closed loop kinematic chain approaches are commonly used to assess scapular kinematics but with heterogeneous ellipsoid calibration procedures. This study aimed to assess whether an ellipsoid surface can model the scapulothoracic sliding plane and determine the optimal number of static poses to calibrate the ellipsoid parameters. An intracortical pin with a rigid cluster of four reflective markers was inserted into the left scapular spine of two healthy males (P1 and P2). They performed arm elevations, internal rotations, ball throwing, hockey shooting, and eating movements...

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that sitting posture affects clavicular, scapular and spinal kinematics, however its effects in people with neck pain and scapular dysfunction remain unknown. The study aimed to determine the clavicular and scapular kinematics in different sitting postures in patients with neck pain and scapular dysfunction. METHODS: Thirty-four participants with neck pain and scapular dysfunction were recruited into the study. Kinematics of the clavicle and scapula were recorded using motion analysis at rest and during arm elevation (at 30, 60, 90, and 120 degrees) in a slouched and upright sitting posture...

BACKGROUND: Both inlay and onlay humeral implants are available for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA), but biomechanical data comparing these components remains limited. This study investigated the effects of inlay and onlay rTSA humeral components on shoulder biomechanics using a biorobotic shoulder simulator. METHODS: Twenty fresh-frozen cadaver shoulders were tested before and after rTSA with either an inlay or onlay humeral implant. Comparisons were performed between the most commonly implanted configurations for each implant (baseline), and a modification to provide equivalent neck shaft angle (NSA) for the inlay and onlay configurations...

Exercise therapy for individuals with rotator cuff tears fails in approximately 25.0 % of cases. One reason for failure of exercise therapy may be the inability to strengthen and balance the muscle forces crossing the glenohumeral joint that act to center the humeral head on the glenoid. The objective of the current study was to compare the magnitude and orientation of the net muscle force pre- and post-exercise therapy between subjects successfully and unsuccessfully (e.g. eventually underwent surgery) treated with a 12-week individualized exercise therapy program...

OBJECTIVES: A new ultrasound-based device is proposed to non-invasively measure the orientation of the scapula in the standing position to consider this parameter for Total Shoulder Arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of this device. METHODS: Accuracy was assessed by comparing measurements made with the ultrasound device to those acquired with a three-dimensional (3D) optical localization system (Northern Digital, Canada) on a dedicated mechanical phantom...

BACKGROUND: Latissimus dorsi transfer is a surgical procedure that can be used for treating posterosuperior rotator cuff tears. The procedure leads to improved shoulder function via alterations in the force vector couple around the shoulder. However, there is still no consensus on the biomechanical changes resulting from latissimus dorsi transfer. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the literature on 3D motion analysis studies evaluating the effects of latissimus dorsi transfer on shoulder kinematics...

BACKGROUND: Padel players commonly suffer from shoulder pain and the particularly high incidence is probably linked to the high frequency of strokes. In addition, due to the repetitive technical gesture, an adequate technique is essential in terms of performance and injury risk prevention. Aim of this study was to objectively evaluate shoulder kinematic during the athletic gesture to analyze the risk factors linked to padel strokes. METHODS: Professional and amateur padel players underwent a three-dimensional motion analysis of the padel strokes utilizing optoelectronic and surface electromyography systems (BTS Bioengineering, Garbagnate Milanese, Milan, Italy)...