Invasive fungal sinusitis

Potentially fatal fungal sphenoid sinusitis (FSS) causes visual damage. However, few studies have reported on its visual impairment and prognosis. Five hundred and eleven FSS patients with ocular complications treated at Beijing Tongren Hospital were recruited and clinical features and visual outcomes were determined. Thirty-two of the 511 patients (6%) had visual impairment, with 13 and 19 patients having invasive and noninvasive FSS, respectively. Eighteen patients (56.25%) had diabetes and 2 patient (6.25%) had long-term systemic use of antibiotics (n = 1) and corticosteroids (n = 1)...

We present a rare case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to nasal-type extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL). Nasal-type ENKL is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma usually associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The patient was a 19-year-old woman who presented with facial numbness, diminished hearing, and dysgeusia. She was febrile with palatal necrosis, loss of gag reflex, and cranial nerve palsies. Labs revealed neutropenia. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials, including amphotericin, were started...

OBJECTIVES: To identify the demographic characteristics and potential risk factors of invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) patients with COVID-19. METHODS: Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library and PubMed were searched from database inception to August 2023 using the combination of medical searching heading terms "invasive fungal sinusitis" and "COVID-19" and their free words. The research protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023467175). RESULTS: 53 studies were included...

INTRODUCTION: A long-term ruxolitinib-treated patient with primary myelofibrosis, who was co-infected with aspergillosis infection during a short period, developed acute invasive fungal sinusitis with consequent orbit apex syndrome. This may be the first reported case in the world. This is a 75-year-old Chinese man; the patient was admitted with 2-month history of headache accompanied by numbness and 8-day history of vision loss. The preliminary clinical diagnoses were suspected acute invasive fungal sinusitis or adenoid cystic carcinoma...

Rhinocerebralmucormycosis, is a progressive fungal invasion of a hard palate, paranasal sinuses, orbit, and brain. Post covid the huge number of mucor cases reported in our institute. To combat them a uniform assessment scale was needed as multiple healthcare workers were involved. Thus, a novel linear grading system on nasal endoscopy was developed for the early management of patients to prevent morbidity and mortality. A Prospective study of 650 patients in Epidemic duration from April to June 2021 in a tertiary health center, Central India...

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with invasive fungal sinusitis (invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, IFR) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and explored the risk factors for IFR after allo-HSCT. Methods: Nineteen patients with IFR after allo-HSCT at Peking University People's Hospital from January 2012 to December 2021 were selected as the study group, and 95 patients without IFR after allo-HSCT during this period were randomly selected as the control group (1:5 ratio) ...

Staphylococcus aureus infection is the most common cause of osteomyelitis. Over 100,000 fungal species have been described; only 150 are pathogenic to humans. These opportunistic infections frequently enter the body due to a decrease in host defense or through an invasive gateway, such as a dental extraction or skin discontinuity due to trauma. Symptoms and radiological examination often mimic those of other etiologies, which can lead to substantial delays in treatment. Our case is a 13-year-old healthy boy with no history of immune incompetency who presented to us with complaints of pain and swelling over his left ankle and leg with an on-and-off history of fever for 15 days...

OBJECTIVES: Fungal tissue invasion in the setting of sinonasal malignancy has been rarely described in the literature. Only a handful of studies have discussed cases of suspected chronic and acute IFS (CIFS and AIFS, respectively), having an underlying undifferentiated sinonasal carcinoma, sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma, and NK/T-cell lymphoma. METHODS: Here, we describe 3 cases of carcinoma mimicking IFS from a single institution. RESULTS: Each of our patients presented with sinonasal complaints as an outpatient in the setting of immunosuppression...

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus pneumoniae , a prominent human pathogen linked to various systemic diseases, includes non-typeable pneumococci marked by the absence of a detectable capsule. However, the majority of invasive infections are attributed to encapsulated strains. This case report details the first documented instance of invasive disease caused by non-typeable S. pneumoniae in Argentina since 2017. CASE PRESENTATION: A 19-year-old woman presented with haemorrhagic injuries attributed to chronic oral mucosa irritation...

A 59-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with hyponatremia. An endocrine examination indicated panhypopituitarism, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass-like lesion in the pituitary gland. Sinus endoscopy revealed a fungal mass in the sphenoid sinus, and the patient was diagnosed with hypopituitarism due to aspergillosis of the central nervous system (CNS). The patient's hyponatremia resolved with hydrocortisone replacement. Although the right internal carotid artery was eventually occluded, antifungal medications were administered for the aspergillosis, and the patient's general condition improved...

A non-invasive type of chronic sinusitis named allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS), which is a variant of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with nasal obstruction, was first described in 1976. The goal of this article was to provide an overview of various treatment approaches and how they can be used to control AFRS. Since this is an inflammatory disease rather than an invasive fungal infection, the treatment tries to modulate inflammation and reduce disease burden. A comprehensive treatment strategy must incorporate medicinal, surgical, biological, and immunological techniques...

We aimed to compare the demography, clinical profile, histopathology, fungal culture, radiology, surgery performed, medical therapy and outcomes of patients with acute invasive fungal sinusitis seen during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic by retrospectively reviewing their case records. Of 238 patients, 43(18.1%) presented during the first wave and 195(81.9%) during the second wave. Patients seen during the first wave were older (p = 0.04) and more likely to have visual impairment (p = 0...

The second wave of COVID pandemic was associated with an outbreak of Mucormycosis. The mortality rate of Mucormycosis reaches 50-80% in cases with orbital and intracranial extension (Fadda in Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 41:43-50, 2021). In this outbreak we found that few of these patients had bacterial invasive sinusitis mimicking fungal sinusitis. Amphotericin the only effective drug against Mucormycosis is highly toxic and expensive and not indicated in bacterial sinusitis. Our aim was to  determine the exact etiologic agent, predisposing factors and outcome of treatment of COVID associated invasive sinusitis presenting with orbital complications...

Mucormycosis is a rare but serious angio-invasive infection caused by a group of fungi called mucormycetes. Mucormycosis is an aggressive, life-threatening infection requiring prompt diagnosis and early treatment. Wide spread use of steroid and higher antibiotics may cause immune irregulation in post covid patients. A hallmark of mucormycosis infection is the presence of extensive angioinvasion with resultant vessel thrombosis and tissue necrosis. We reported exponential rising cases of fungal infection in covid pandemic era...

Acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS) is a rapidly progressive infection predominantly seen in immunocompromised patients. There is an increasing incidence of AIFS post COVID-19 infection. Yet, there is sparse literature regarding spectrum of cross-sectional imaging findings (CT and MRI) in these patients, which is prudent for appropriate timely surgical intervention. This study aims to highlight spectrum of imaging findings in patients with post-COVID-19 AIFS integrating the clinical details from presentation to follow-up...

Orbital abscesses are primarily seen in children as complication of ethmoid bacterial sinusitis. We report a case of invasive aspergillosis causing orbital abscess in an immunocompetent child which resolved with surgery followed by antifungal therapy. This case highlights need for histopathological, and microbiological examination, including fungal culture in such cases.

BACKGROUND: The authors describe a rare case of acute large-vessel occlusion due to an infected thrombus formation that was induced by invasive sphenoid sinus aspergillosis. OBSERVATIONS: An 82-year-old man with a history of immunoglobulin G4-related disease and long-term use of steroids and immunosuppressants was admitted to the authors' hospital with severe right hemiparesis. Cerebral angiography revealed occlusion of the left internal carotid artery (ICA). He underwent thrombectomy, resulting in successful recanalization...

IMPORTANCE: Despite the aggressive progression of fulminant acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS), data on prognostic factors have been disparate, hindering the development of a staging system. A composite staging system may improve prognostication for patient counseling and conduct of clinical research. OBJECTIVE: To identify prognostically important factors in AIFS and to incorporate the factors into a comprehensive Functional Severity Staging System and Clinical Severity Staging System...

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COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital mucormycosis has become a new clinical entity. This study's aim was to evaluate the histopathological and ultramicroscopic morphological aspects of this fungal infection. This was an observational retrospective study on eight patients from three tertiary centers in Romania. The tissue samples collected during functional endoscopic sinus surgery were studied through histopathological examination, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. In the histopathological examination, the morphological aspects characteristic of mucormycosis in all cases were identified: wide aseptate hyphae with right-angle ramifications, which invade blood vessels...