Exercise benefits

Since December 2019, few issues have garnered as much global attention as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-19). The imposed lockdowns in 2020/21, which led to the closure of all gyms, barred people from participating in their favourite sports activities. This study explores athletes' self-evaluations of their performance levels upon return to training facilities post-reopening. Data were collected in May 2021, after the end of the second lockdown, using a national online questionnaire...

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) is an emerging and disruptive technology that has attracted considerable interest from researchers and educators across various disciplines. We discuss the relevance and concerns of ChatGPT and other GAI tools in environmental psychology research. We propose three use categories for GAI tools: integrated and contextualized understanding, practical and flexible implementation, and two-way external communication. These categories are exemplified by topics such as the health benefits of green space, theory building, visual simulation, and identifying practical relevance...

Regular exercise and community engagement may slow the rate of function loss for people with dementia. However, the evidence is uncertain regarding the cost-effectiveness and social return on investment (SROI) of home exercise with community referral for people with dementia. This study aimed to compare the social value generated from the in-person PrAISED program delivered before March 2020 with a blended PrAISED program delivered after March 2020. SROI methodology compared in-person and blended delivery formats of a home exercise program...

BACKGROUND: Comparisons between endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT) have produced equivocal findings in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The purpose of our study is to investigate the effectiveness and long-term outcomes of adding ET and RT to conventional medical treatment in patients with COPD. A secondary objective is to investigate the clinical improvements resulting from exercise training in patients with different disease severities. METHODS: The study was a multicenter, prospective trial in people with stable COPD...

Valvular heart disease, including calcific or degenerative aortic stenosis (AS), is increasingly prevalent among the older adult population. Over the last few decades, treatment of severe AS has been revolutionised following the development of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Despite improvements in outcomes, older adults with competing comorbidities and geriatric syndromes have suboptimal quality of life outcomes, highlighting the cumulative vulnerability that persists despite valve replacement...

BACKGROUND: Patients suffering from long COVID may exhibit autonomic dysregulation. However, the association between autonomic dysregulation and exercise intolerance and the impact of therapeutic interventions on its modulation remain unclear. This study investigated the relationship between heart rate recovery at the first minute (HRR1), a proxy for autonomic imbalance, and exercise intolerance in patients with long COVID. Additionally, the study aimed to assess the effects of a 12-week home-based inspiratory muscle training program on autonomic modulation in this patient population...

Despite the well-established link between physical activity and positive health outcomes, much of the world's population remains inactive. Many people don't invest in health behaviours, such as physical activity, in the present, despite the long-term benefits of this. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between physical activity levels and risk and time preferences in university students. A maximum likelihood model was used to jointly estimate risk and time preferences (elicited in an incentivised choice experiment), and to examine the relationship between these preferences and self-reported physical activity...

Anaerobic performance diagnostics in athletes relies on accurate measurements of blood lactate concentration and the calculation of blood lactate accumulation resulting from glycolytic processes. In this study, we investigated the impact of pedaling frequency on blood lactate accumulation during 10-second maximal isokinetic cycling sprints. Thirteen trained males completed five 10-second maximal isokinetic cycling sprints on a bicycle ergometer at different pedaling frequencies (90 rpm, 110 rpm, 130 rpm, 150 rpm, 170 rpm) with continuous power and frequency measurement...

Despite some reported benefits, there is a low quality of evidence for resistance training (RT) improving metabolic health of individuals with overweight or obesity. We evaluated the impact of RT on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical performance, lipid-lipoprotein profile, inflammation, and glucose-insulin homeostasis in 51 postmenopausal women vs. 29 controls matched for age, obesity, and physical activity. Exercised women were further subdivided for comparison of RT effects into those presenting metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and those with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO) classified according to Karelis and Rabasa-Lhoret or an approach based on adipose tissue secretory dysfunction using the plasma adiponectin(A)/leptin (L) ratio...

BACKGROUND: Unsupervised exercise intervention (UNSUP) appears to be a practical and beneficial strategy for older adults, although its feasibility and effectiveness compared to supervised exercise intervention (SUP) remains unknown. We aimed to compare the safety, attendance/adherence rates, and effectiveness of SUP versus UNSUP on physical function and well-being outcomes in older adults. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and APA PsycINFO up to September 2022 for randomized controlled trials comparing SUP versus UNSUP in older adults (≥ 60 years)...

The developmental origins of health and disease concept highlights the impact of early environments on chronic non-communicable diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Studies using animal models have investigated how maternal factors such as undernutrition, overnutrition, obesity, and exposure to chemicals or hypoxia affect fetal development and offspring health, leading to issues like low birth weight, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Given the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among reproductive-age women, effective interventions are critical...

INTRODUCTION: We examined the efficacy of a multidomain intervention in preventing cognitive decline among Japanese older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: Participants aged 65-85 years with MCI were randomized into intervention (management of vascular risk factors, exercise, nutritional counseling, and cognitive training) and control groups. The primary outcome was changes in the cognitive composite score over a period of 18 months. RESULTS: Of 531 participants, 406 completed the trial...

INTRODUCTION: There is growing evidence suggesting that dual-task training benefits people with Parkinson's disease (PD) on both physical and cognitive outcomes. However, there is no known data regarding professionals' educational needs and barriers to its implementation. This study aimed to explore the barriers and educational needs of healthcare and exercise professionals to integrate dual-task training into their practice with people with PD. METHODS: We conducted a study based on a web survey...

Background Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a challenging genetic disorder marked by ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, particularly in athletes and young adults. Despite its clinical significance, the relative effectiveness and safety of catheter ablation versus conventional management in ARVC are not fully delineated. Objective This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of catheter ablation compared to conventional management in reducing ventricular arrhythmias and improving patient outcomes over five years in ARVC patients...

OBJECTIVE: Although pulmonary rehabilitation and regular exercise have improved negative emotions and cognitive capacity within cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), influence by exercise training upon different cognitive and memory functions in COPD is still controversial. This investigation aimed to assess whether cognitive performance and mental health are affected by the benefits of exercise training within cases of COPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This pilot investigation included thirty-three patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage ≥B...

Object: The benefits of low-dose esketamine for painless gastrointestinal endoscopy remain unclear. As such, the present study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of low-dose esketamine for this procedure. Methods: Seven common databases were searched for clinical studies investigating low-dose esketamine for painless gastrointestinal endoscopy. Subsequently, a meta-analysis was performed to synthesize and analyze the data extracted from studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Results: Meta-analysis revealed that, compared with propofol, low-dose esketamine in combination with propofol significantly reduced recovery time by 0...

Exercise and weight management is crucial in preventing postpartum depression and long-term obesity that carries the risk of chronic illness among postpartum women. Although communication devices, such as a smart wrist-worn wearable (SWW), can help users be more physically active, the extent to which postpartum women might benefit from this technology is unknown. We examined how SWWs promoted exercise and helped postpartum women return to pre-pregnancy weight. We tested a model based on the premise that a motivational device that prompts users to engage with it can establish healthy daily routines...

Exercise training (ET) should be a mainstay of comprehensive care in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet there is reluctance regarding its implementation among healthcare providers. This reluctance has its roots in the lack of evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that provide a neurobiological mechanism for beneficial outcomes. We argue that ET training is efficacious for improving mobility and cognitive dysfunction as hallmark consequences of MS, and propose an experimental medicine framework for guiding research focusing on CNS mechanisms-of-action for ET benefits...

BACKGROUND: Prior research has highlighted the synergistic impact of protein supplementation on muscle function post-exercise in adults; however, evidence supporting the combined effects were less robust and inconsistent on those with protein insufficiency. This investigation aims to explore efficacy of protein-enriched soup coupled with exercise on muscle health and metabolism in middle-aged and older adults with suboptimal protein intake. METHODS: An open-label, 12-week, randomized controlled trial involving participants with insufficient protein intake (<1...

IMPORTANCE: Partial-thickness rotator cuff tears (PTRCTs) commonly affect overhead athletes, leading to a decline in sports performance. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is being explored as an alternative treatment modality for individuals with PTRCTs, to reduce discomfort and enhance functional recovery. We conducted a systematic review study of randomized controlled clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of PRP in treating PTRCTs. AIM: To determine the effectiveness of PRP in treating PTRCTs...