Stem cell and ARDS

BACKGROUND: The STROMA-CoV-2 study was a French phase 2b, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial that did not identify a significant efficacy of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Safety on day 28 was found to be good. The aim of our extended study was to assess the 6- and 12-month safety of UC-MSCs administration in the STROMA-CoV-2 cohort. METHODS: A detailed multi-domain assessment was conducted at 6 and 12 months following hospital discharge focusing on adverse events, lung computed tomography-scan, pulmonary and muscular functional status, and quality of life in the STROMA-CoV-2 cohort including SARS-CoV-2-related early (< 96 h) mild-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome...

The human respiratory system is susceptible to a variety of diseases, ranging from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Today, lung diseases represent one of the major challenges to the health care sector and represent one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Current treatment options often focus on managing symptoms rather than addressing the underlying cause of the disease. The limitations of conventional therapies highlight the urgent clinical need for innovative solutions capable of repairing damaged lung tissue at a fundamental level...

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a clinical manifestation of hypoxic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, COVID-19 still lacks of effective clinical treatments so far. As a promising potential treatment against COVID-19, stem cell therapy raised recently and had attracted much attention. Here we review the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-based treatments against COVID-19, and provide potential cues for the effective control of COVID-19 in the future...

BACKGROUND: Human adipose stromal cells-derived extracellular vesicles (haMSC-EVs) have been shown to alleviate inflammation in acute lung injury (ALI) animal models. However, there are few systemic studies on clinical-grade haMSC-EVs. Our study aimed to investigate the manufacturing, quality control (QC) and preclinical safety of clinical-grade haMSC-EVs. METHODS: haMSC-EVs were isolated from the conditioned medium of human adipose MSCs incubated in 2D containers...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Prognostic factors reliably predicting outcomes for critically ill adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are lacking. We assessed transplant and intensive care unit (ICU)-related factors impacting patient outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: AYA patients who underwent allo-HSCT and required ICU admission at a Tertiary care Centre, during the period of 2003-2013, were included in this retrospective review...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used to treat various inflammatory and immune-related diseases in preclinical and clinical settings. Intravital microscopy (IVM) is considered the gold standard for investigating pathophysiological conditions in living animals. However, the potential for real-time monitoring of MSCs in the pulmonary microenvironment remains underexplored. In this study, we first constructed a lung window and captured changes in the lung at the cellular level under both inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions with a microscope...

Cytokine storm and ROS overproduction in the lung always lead to acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a very short time. Effectively controlling cytokine storm release syndrome (CRS) and scavenging ROS are key to the prevention and treatment of ALI/ARDS. In this work, the naringin nanoparticles (Nar-NPs) were prepared by the emulsification and evaporation method; then, the mesenchymal stem cell membranes (CMs) were extracted and coated onto the surface of the Nar-NPs through the hand extrusion method to obtain the biomimetic CM@Nar-NPs...

BACKGROUND: Lung endothelial barrier injury plays an important role in the pathophysiology of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy has shown promise in ARDS treatment and restoration of the impaired barrier function. It has been reported that Wnt5a shows protective effects on endothelial cells. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate whether overexpression of Wnt5a could promote the protective effects of MSCs on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial cell injury...

BACKGROUND: With the increasing research on extracellular vesicles (EVs), EVs have received widespread attention as biodiagnostic markers and therapeutic agents for a variety of diseases. Stem cell-derived EVs have also been recognized as a new viable therapy for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To assess their efficacy, we conducted a meta-analysis of existing preclinical experimental animal models of EVs for ALI treatment. METHODS: The database was systematically interrogated for pertinent data encompassing the period from January 2010 to April 2022 concerning interventions involving extracellular vesicles (EVs) in animal models of acute lung injury (ALI)...

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are life-threatening diseases in critically ill patients. Although pathophysiology of ALI/ARDS has been investigated in many studies, effective therapeutic strategies are still limited. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy is emerging as a promising therapeutic intervention for patients with ALI. During the last two decades, researchers have focused on the efficacy and mechanism of MSC application in ALI animal models. MSC derived from variant resources exhibited therapeutic effects in preclinical studies of ALI with different mechanisms...

Lipofibroblasts form a sub-population of fibroblasts located in the mesenchymal alveolar stem cell niche. They show close proximity with alveolar epithelial type 2 cells and play a key role in alveolar development and lung homeostasis. Their role in various diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema is progressively better understood. Through the activation of signaling pathways such as PPARg lipofibroblasts may help to induce endogenous alveolar regeneration...

Pulmonary diseases across all ages threaten millions of people and have emerged as one of the major public health issues worldwide. For diverse disease conditions, the currently available approaches are focused on alleviating clinical symptoms and delaying disease progression but have not shown significant therapeutic effects in patients with lung diseases. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) isolated from the human UC have the capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation...

Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) deficiency or bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS) is a rare, early-onset, autosomal recessive, and life-threatening inborn error of immunity. We aimed to assess the demographic, clinical, laboratory, follow-up, and treatment characteristics of patients with MHC-II deficiency, together with their survival. We retrospectively investigated 21 patients with MHC-II deficiency. Female/male ratio was 1.63. The median age at diagnosis was 16.3 months (5 months-9...

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a form of respiratory failure stemming from various underlying conditions that ultimately lead to inflammation and lung fibrosis. Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal motif (BET) inhibitors are a class of medications that selectively bind to the bromodomains of BET motif proteins, effectively reducing inflammation. However, the use of BET inhibitors in ARDS treatment has not been previously investigated. In our study, we induced ARDS in rats using endotoxin and administered a BET inhibitor...

Lung tissue has a certain regenerative ability and triggers repair procedures after injury. Under controllable conditions, lung tissue can restore normal structure and function. Disruptions in this process can lead to respiratory system failure and even death, causing substantial medical burden. The main types of respiratory diseases are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Multiple cells, such as lung epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells, are involved in regulating the repair process after lung injury...

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 rapidly escalated into a worldwide pandemic with elevated infectivity even from asymptomatic patients. Complications can lead to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which are the main contributors to death. Because of their regenerative and immunomodulatory capacities, stem cells and their derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are perceived as promising therapies against severe pulmonary conditions, including those associated with COVID-19...

BACKGROUND: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was associated with potentially life-threatening complications. Among patients supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), those who underwent HSCT had a worse prognosis than those who did not. Advances in HSCT and critical care management have improved the prognosis of ECMO-supported HSCT patients. CASE: The patient in the remission stage of lymphoma after 22 months of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, suffered from ARDS, severe neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and long-term COVID-19...

Acute lung injury (ALI) is an important pathological process of acute respiratory distress syndrome, yet there are limited therapies for its treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exo) have been shown to be effective in suppressing inflammation. However, the effects of MSCs-Exo on ALI and the underlying mechanisms have not been well elucidated. Our data showed that MSCs-Exo, but not exosomes derived from MRC-5 cells (MRC-5-Exo), which are human fetal lung fibroblast cells, significantly improved chest imaging, histological observations, alveolocapillary membrane permeability, and reduced inflammatory response in ALI mice model...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the primary cause of respiratory failure in critically ill patients. Despite remarkable therapeutic advances in recent years, ARDS remains a life-threatening clinical complication with high morbidity and mortality, especially during the global spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Previous studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy is a potential alternative strategy for the treatment of refractory respiratory diseases including ARDS, while extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as the last resort treatment to sustain life can help improve the survival of ARDS patients...

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