Begginer

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) represent highly ordered molecular materials with versatile biochemical features and multidisciplinary applications. Research on SAMs has made much progress since the early begginings of Au substrates and alkanethiols, and numerous examples of peptide-displaying SAMs can be found in the literature. Peptides, presenting increasing structural complexity, stimuli-responsiveness, and biological relevance, represent versatile functional components in SAMs-based platforms. This review examines the major findings and progress made on the use of peptide building blocks displayed as part of SAMs with specific functions, such as selective cell adhesion, migration and differentiation, biomolecular binding, advanced biosensing, molecular electronics, antimicrobial, osteointegrative and antifouling surfaces, among others...

Roughly 37% of Americans 60 years of age and older experience chronic pain due to osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. After conservative treatment (pharmacologic, physical therapy, and joint injections) fails, patients often require total knee arthroplasty to alleviate pain and regain knee function. Given the high economic burden of surgery paired with its invasive nature, many patients with this degenerative joint disease seek alternative treatment. Moreover, many patients with severe knee OA who also have comorbidities that preclude surgery-most often morbid obesity-are left without options...

Knowledge of epidemiology, genetic etiopathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and management of familial hypercholesterolemia have increased in the last two decades. Several population studies have shown that familial hypercholesterolemia is more frequent than previously thought, making this entity the most common metabolic disease with monogenic inheritence in the world. Identification of causal heterozygous pathogenic variants in LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 genes have increased diagnostic accuracy of classical criteria (extreme hypercholesterolemia, personal / family history of premature coronary artery disease or other cardiovascular disease)...

OBJECTIVES: Adequate access to primary and dental care is essential for population health, and some state Medicaid programs have expanded insurance coverage for both. However, there are few data on new Medicaid enrollees' ability to access services. We examined the relationship between provider supply and enrollees' identification of usual sources of care. STUDY DESIGN: Between November 2015 and February 2016, we surveyed low-income adults newly insured through Medicaid in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to determine if they had a usual source of care...

OBJECTIVE: Nutritional therapy is an important element in critical ill patient care. Although recognized as specialty, multidisciplinary teams in nutrition support are scarce in our country. Possibly, nutrition support therapy is applied by intensive care physicians and this may vary. The aim of the study is describe these specialists perceptions about theirs attitudes in enteral nutrition support. METHODS: A questionnaire was elaborated in an on-line platform. After pre-validation, it was sent by electronic mail to intensivists...

Chronic diseases in childhood have become an important priority, especially in developed countries, because of higher prevalence, relatively and absolutely. Besides that, inappropriate procedures a chronically ill child can result in child's growth and development disorder. According to literature data, 15-20% of children have chronic disease with the impact on their physical, mental and emotional status. Disease prevention strategies are described at the primary, secondary and tertiary level: how to avoid occurrence of disease, how to diagnose and treat existent disease in early stages, before it causes significant morbidity, and finally how to reduce negative impact of existent disease by restoring function and reducing disease-related complications - how to improve quality of life of children with chronic diseases...

Beggining in the 1990s, Morita therapy has shifted its principal setting of practice to outpatient format to accommodate the changing needs of the era. Morita therapy has shifted its "Fumon" (strategic inattention) stance to "attending to", and evolved into more dialogue-based psychotherapy. At the same time, much attention has been paid to examine its treatment process, therapist-client relationship, and intervention techniques. The characteristic features of the principles of human understanding in Morita therapy reside in its unique angle to understand phenomena from relations, conceptualize our experiences from dynamism between fear of death and desire for life, and situate Eastern view of nature as its foundation...

AIM: To evaluate the intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure during a hemodialysis. METHODS: Sixty-seven eyes from thirty-five patients were evaluated at the beggining of hemodialysis, 2 hours and 4 hours after initiation. Intraocular pressure was evaluated using a Tonopen. Systolic and diastolic arterial pressures were measured with a manual sphygmomanometer. The ocular perfusion pressure was estimated by measuring the difference between 2/3 of the mean arterial pressure and the intraocular pressure values...

Chronic kidney disease (CCD) is both public health and economic problem worldwide. Every 10th person in the world suffers from CCD. Its major outcomes include progression to chronic kidney failure and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Routine use of diagnostic tests [creatinine level, microalbuminuria test-strips and MDRD formula to estimate glomerular filtration (eGF)] could improve early detection of kidney damage. However, those methods are rarely used in Croatia. Both international and national professional societies guidelines clearly recommend use of erythropoesis stimulating agents (ESA) in predialysis, dialysis and patients with kidney transplant, but mechanisms of guidelines implementation are not properly developed...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intravenous regional block is celebrating its 10th anniversary in 2008. Since this is a widely used technique, this milestone should be recorded, the date celebrated, Brazilian anesthesiologists should be remembered of its evolutive process, especially in the last 40 years, and we should pay homage to the individual who started it: August Karl Gustav Bier. CONTENTS: This report describes the beginning of locoregional anesthesia in general and regional intravenous block in particular, since the introduction of garroting of the extremities to the discovery and improvement of needles, syringes, and local anesthetics...

Providing research pigs with enrichment objects can encourage species-typical behavior such as rooting and foraging. The authors gave pigs hard plastic 'foraging balls' that resembled enrichment devices commonly used for nonhuman primates. Holes were custom-drilled into the balls, and animal caretakers filled them with palatable food items such as jellybeans, unsalted peanuts, cereal, Beggin' Strips, primate biscuits and dog biscuits. Staff members suspended the balls from chains in pigs' enclosures, ensuring that toys did not touch the floor...

Twenty-five years after the beggining of the policies of adjustment and liberalization which is the situation of the food crops in the countries of the Sahel? The balance-sheet is approached by contrasting the cereals sub sector, facing to a very strong control by the State, and the onion whose growth is related to the increase in the demand of the great urban centers. The increase in the production of cereals was accompanied by deep changes in the structures. The market became more efficient and better integrated on a regional scale...

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces a sequence-specific silencing in eukaryotic cells. This silencing process beggins when long dsRNA is cleaved to 21 to 26 long small RNA by means of the RNAse III-type enzyme Dicer. These small dsRNA are included into silencing effector complexes, that are targeted to complementary sequences. Small RNA dependent gene silencing can be achieved by distinct mechanisms based depending mainly on the nature of target sequences and on the proteins present in the effector complex...

Laryngeal exposure, applying forward and upward force by laryngoscope after placement of the blade head at the vallecula, is most difficult for begginers to learn in tracheal intubation. It is not so easy to practice at home as the laryngoscope is shaped to lift the tongue upward only. Beginners must establish a proper image of moving the left hand for laryngeal exposure and must be trained in this technique prior to tracheal intubation of patients. Not only begginers but also veterans may struggle with intubating mannequins...

Orofacial examination was applied in 39 patients with myotonic dystrophy. We made an original table with a scale of punctuation. The group showed a deficit of 43.70%. The female group was 6.16% better than male's. The maternal inherited cases were 3.63% better than the paternal ones. When we separated the groups by decades, there was a tendency to an increasingly better performance as the age of the beggining of symptoms was later. The performance was 10.68% better in the group of patients with 1 to 10 years than in the group with 11 to 20 years of disease...

There is no evolutionary continuity between photochemical abiosynthesis and bacterial photosynthesis. Rather, the photosynthetic bacteria are descendants of fermenters that did not use light. Photosynthesis and respiration, both using electron flow coupled with phosphorylation, have a common origin ('conversion hypothesis'), but photosynthesis came first. Anaerobic (nitrate or sulphate) respiration cannot have preceded photosynthesis as neither nitrate nor sulphate existed on the early earth. Sulphate was made first by photosynthetic sulphur bacteria...

After brief considerations on the symptomatology and ethiopathogeny of megadolichobasilar, five cases of this vascular anomaly are presented. Agreeing with the majority of the papers on the subject, the age of the patients was between the fourth and the sixth decades, all of them presenting arterial hypertension of long duration and advanced atherosclerosis; the neurological findings were varied, having in common the fact of an abrupt (ictal) beggining. The angiographic study of the vertebrobasilar system was basic in the diagnosis in every case...

A group of forty patients with generalized peritonitis was studied comparing their clinical evolution and mortality with the plasma coloidosmotic pressure values (COP). Twentynine patients survived without complications (Group I) this patients had the higher mean COP values, 17.56 mm Hg at the beggining and 19.06 mm Hg at the end of the study. Three patients showed complications directly related with peritonitis but finally survived (Group II). Their mean COP values were 16.08 mm Hg at the beggining and 13...