hydratation, body mass

The common phenomenon observed for concrete in aggressive water is leaching, which involves the dissolution of cement hydration products. Many studies have focused on leaching in demineralised water or acid attacks, but mineral water still deserves further investigation. In most standards, the aggressiveness of a given water body is determined by its pH and not its composition. The effect of the calcium content of the water on degradation is yet to be determined. In this paper, the leaching of Portland cement-based mortar was induced by two types of drinking water with different calcium contents and buffer capacity in controlled conditions...

Exercise can disrupt the fluid balance, hindering performance and athlete health. Limited data exist on fluid balance responses in varying climates, sexes, and ages. This study aimed to measure and compare fluid balance and urine values among elite soccer players during training at high and low temperatures, examining the differences between sexes, playing positions, and competitive levels within men's soccer. During the 2022-2023 competitive season, a descriptive observational study was conducted on 87 soccer players from an elite Spanish soccer team...

Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common adverse outcome following puncture of the dura. It can occur after inadvertent dural puncture during epidural catheter placement or following diagnostic or therapeutic LP. The incidence of PDPH in pediatric patients has been estimated at 1-15% depending on patient factors (age, gender, body mass index) and needle factors (size and needle bevel/point type). The larger the needle gauge, the higher the incidence of PDPH. Various options have been proposed to treat PDPH including observation, bed rest, hydration, caffeine, and epidural blood/saline patch...

Occupational heat stress increases the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). This study presents a secondary analysis to generate novel hypotheses for future studies by investigating the diagnostic accuracy of thermal, hydration, and heart rate assessments in discriminating positive AKI risk following physical work in the heat in unacclimatized individuals. Unacclimatized participants ( n  = 13, 3 women, age: ∼23 years) completed four trials involving 2 h of exercise in a 39...

INTRODUCTION: Human development includes lots of physical and emotional changes. The human voice depends on age. Voice production is a complex physiological and acoustic phenomenon that depends on many factors such as structure, hormone level, degree of fatigue or nutrition and hydration of the body, systemic diseases, and emotional state. All these factors can be present in anorexia nervosa (AN), such as excessive weight loss, generated hydro-electrolytic changes, nutritional deficiencies, hormonal disturbances in the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, and emotional distress...

OBJECTIVE: Farmworkers are at increased risk of adverse health outcomes related to occupational heat exposure and inadequate access to water, shade, or rest breaks. Presently, there is a dearth of studies examining the prevalence of dehydration and related factors in U.S. farmworkers. Our objectives were to characterize hydration status during typical workdays and to identify risk factors associated with increased dehydration in migrant farmworkers employed in Florida. METHODS: Urine samples were collected and analyzed for urine specific gravity (USG) 2-3 times per person per day over five days in May 2021 and 2022...

The embryonic development of many ectothermic species are highly sensitive to temperature and typically have a higher thermal optima than do most other physiological processes. Thus, female ectotherms often maintain a higher and more carefully controlled body temperature when she is supporting developing embryos (early development in oviparous species, throughout development in viviparous species). Considering the positive correlation between body temperature and evaporative water loss, this response could potentially exacerbate female water imbalance in water-limited environments, suggesting that female water balance and egg development may be in conflict...

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) contains potential contaminants and needs to be efficiently solidified/stablized and so should be managed properly. To achieve this goal, alkali-activated MSWIFA and phosphorus slag (PS) based geopolymer solidified bodies were investigated. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the solidified body, heavy metal leaching characteristics, heavy metal chemical forms, and heavy metal solidification/stabilization mechanisms were also analyzed. The results show that: The addition of an appropriate amount of PS can promote the strength development of a solidified body...

Background : In high temperatures, adequate hydration is vital for sustained physical exercise. This study explores the effect of three hydration strategies on physiological indices and work intensity. Methods : The research involved 12 healthy males who engaged in three test series, each separated by a one-week interval. During the trials, participants underwent a 120 min cycling session in a thermal climate chamber (temperature: 31 ± 2 °C, humidity: 60 ± 3%, air movement: <1 m/s). Measurements of rectal temperature (Tre) and heart rate (HR), and assessment of subjective workload perception, and thermal comfort were made both before and during the exercise...

Background: Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) may affect a substantial proportion of patients who have had COVID-19. The rehabilitation program might improve the physical capacity, functioning of the cardiopulmonary system, and mental conditions of these patients. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of personalized rehabilitation in patients with PCS according to gender. Methods : Adults who underwent a 6-week personalized PCS rehabilitation program were enrolled in a prospective post-COVID-19 Rehabilitation (PCR-SIRIO 8) study...

Overhydration (OH) is a prevalent medical problem that occurs in patients with kidney failure, but a specific marker has still not been found. Patients requiring kidney replacement therapy suffer from a water imbalance, which is correlated with mortality rates in this population. Currently, clinicians employ techniques such as bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) and ultrasound (USG) markers of overhydration or markers of heart and kidney function, namely NT-pro-BNP, GFR, or creatinine levels. New serum markers, including but not limited to Ca-125, galectin-3 (Gal-3), adrenomedullin (AMD), and urocortin-2 (UCN-2), are presently under research and have displayed promising results...

Introduction: Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a non-invasive method to quantify biomechanical properties of human tissues. It has potential in diagnosis and monitoring of kidney disease, if established in clinical practice. The interplay of flow and volume changes in renal vessels, tubule, urinary collection system and interstitium is complex, but physiological ranges of in vivo viscoelastic properties during fasting and hydration have never been investigated in all gross anatomical segments simultaneously...

OBJECTIVE: Hydration status and water intake are critical to physiological health. Despite a popular narrative that dehydration impairs cognitive performance, results are mixed in the literature. Therefore, we tested how hydration status was associated with cognitive performance in an ad libitum state over the course of 3 months. METHODS: Data come from a short-term longitudinal study among middle-to-older aged US adults (n = 78) measured three times (207 observations)...

We aim to understand the effects of hydration changes on athletes' neuromuscular performance, on body water compartments, fat-free mass hydration and hydration biomarkers and to test the effects of the intervention on the response of acute dehydration in the hydration indexes. The H2OAthletes study (clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT05380089) is a randomised controlled trial in thirty-eight national/international athletes of both sexes with low total water intake (WI) (i.e. < 35·0 ml/kg/d). In the intervention, participants will be randomly assigned to the control (CG, n 19) or experimental group (EG, n 19)...

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to develop and evaluate a method for the measurement of muscle mass during the 12-channel electrocardiogram (ECG), to determine the incidence of sarcopenia in patients with overhydration and to correct it for congestion. METHODS: A 12-channel ECG that simultaneously provided multifrequency segmental impedance data was used to measure total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), ECW/TBW ratio and appendicular muscle mass (AppMM), validated by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry...

INTRODUCTION: intestinal failure (IF) is an organic failure classified into three types (I-III); it conditions inability to absorb nutrients and water, so parenteral nutrition (PN) is required. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the characteristics of hospitalized patients with IF, and their association with clinical and nutritional outcomes. METHODS: historical cohort of hospitalized adults with IF and PN. Variables of the nutritional care process (screening, anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, nutritional), mortality and hospital stay were recorded...

Background and Objective : Dehydration and hyperhydration impact athletes' performance. Exploring the fluid balance concerning body composition might help estimate individual hydration requirements. This area of research, particularly regarding sodium losses, has been relatively understudied. We evaluated the sweat rate (SR), sweat sodium losses, and their relationship with body composition in professional soccer players in Cali, Colombia. Materials and Methods : Thirty-two male players, aged 24.3 (±5...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: An appreciation of infant body composition is helpful to understand the 'quality' of growth in early life. Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) using PEA POD and the deuterium dilution (DD) technique are commonly used body composition approaches in infants. We evaluated the comparability of body composition assessed using both techniques with two-compartment (2C) and three-compartment (3C) models in 6-month-old infants. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Infant fat mass (FM) and percent fat mass (%FM) obtained from a 2C model using PEA POD (2C-PP) and a 2C model using the deuterium dilution technique (2C-DD) were compared to those derived from a 3C model, and to each other, using Bland-Altman analysis and Deming regression...

Dehydration of >3% body mass impairs endurance performance irrespective of the individual's knowledge of their hydration status, but whether knowledge of hydration status influences performance at lower levels of dehydration is unknown. This study examined whether perception of hydration status influenced endurance performance. After familiarisation, nine active males (age 25 ± 2 y, V̇O2peak 52.5 ± 9.1 mL·kg·min-1 ) completed two randomised trials at 34°C. Trials involved an intermittent exercise preload (8 × 10 min cycling/5 min rest), followed by a 15 min all-out cycling performance test...

This study investigated (a) differences between males and females for changes in serum, tear, and urine osmolality, hematocrit, and urine specific gravity following acute passive dehydration and (b) assessed the reliability of these biomarkers separately for each sex. Fifteen males (age: 26.3 ± 3.5 years, body mass: 76 ± 7 kg) and 15 females (age: 28.8 ± 6.4 years, body mass: 63 ± 7 kg) completed a sauna protocol twice (5-28 days apart), aiming for 4% body mass loss (BML)...