intestinal ALP

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) stimulation on inflammatory injury and the expression of the glucose transporters sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter protein 2 (GLU2) in porcine small intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). Additionally, the study aimed to provide initial insights into the connection between the expression of glucose transporters and the inflammatory injury of IPEC-J2 cells. DON concentration and DON treatment time were determined using the CCK‑8 assay...

The need for fish meal constrains fish farming and significantly impacts sustainability of the aquaculture industry. Hence, it is important to investigate the use of plant-based protein sources in fish diets. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of fish meal (FM) replacement by pea protein (PP) in a 60-day feeding experiment in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Effects on growth performance, body composition, hematology, serum biochemistry and immunology, and immune (TNF-α, IL1-ß and Il-8) and growth-related (GH and IGFI) gene expression were investigated...

The outbreak of mass mortality occurred in Tachysurus fulvidraco farm in Hubei province of China. The pathogenic strain of Streptococcus iniae (termed 2022SI08) was isolated and identified from diseased T. fulvidraco , based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Further, the whole genome of isolate S. iniae was sequenced and predicted to contain one single circular chromosome of 1,776,777 bp with a GC content of 37...

Due to the ongoing global warming, the risk of heatwaves in the oceans is continuously increasing while our understanding of the physiological response of Litopenaeus vannamei under extreme temperature conditions remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the physiological responses of L. vannamei under heat stress. Our results indicated that as temperature rose, the structure of intestinal and hepatopancreatic tissues was damaged sequentially. Activity of immune-related enzymes (acid phosphatase/alkaline phosphatase) initially increased before decreased, while antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S transferase) activity and malondialdehyde content increased with rising temperature...

Interest to the tissue-specific intestinal isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (IAP) has increased in recent years due to eating disorders that have led to widespread obesity and diet-related diseases. Obesity is considered as an inflammation of low intensity, which is accompanied by the manifestation of various metabolic complications and a disturbance of intestinal homeostasis. IAP is one of the participants in the mechanism of the macroorganism protection against inflammatory and infectious processes, carrying out enzymatic detoxification of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (the trigger of the inflammatory process)...

Probiotics as dietary additives can improve weight gain, feed efficiency, and disease resistance in cultured fish. In this research, we evaluated and compared the effects of Bacillus subtilis on immunity, mucosal tissue morphology, immune-related gene transcriptions, and intestinal microbiota in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) by a 30-day feeding experiment based on a continuous feeding schedule (E1) and a discontinuous feeding schedule (E2). As a result, the use of B. subtilis exerted the best positive effects on survival rate, enzyme activity, mucosal tissue morphology, immune-related gene transcriptions, and intestinal microbiota in flounders...

This study aimed to investigate whether a dietary 25-OHD3 addition improved the performance, egg quality, blood indexes, antioxidant status, jejunal morphology, and tibia quality of aged laying hens compared to a dietary VD3 addition. A total of 270 Hy-Line Brown laying hens at 55 wk of age were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments with six replicates (15 birds per replicate with 3 birds per cage). Chickens were fed a corn-soybean meal diet supplementation of 4000 IU/kg VD3 (control group), 50 μg/kg 25-OHD3 and 2000 IU/kg VD3 (experimental group 1), or 50 μg/kg 25-OHD3 and 4000 IU/kg VD3 (experimental group 2) for 12 weeks...

Yeast culture is a complex fermentation product consisting of fermentation substrate, yeast cells and their metabolites. This study investigated the potential of yeast culture in replacing fishmeal in the diet of yellow catfish ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ). First, a basal diet was formulated to contain 160 g/kg fishmeal (CON), and then the dietary fishmeal was decreased to 120, 80, 40 and 0 g/kg via yeast culture inclusion, respectively, to form another four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (YC-12, YC-8, YC-4 and YC-0)...

INTRODUCTION: Taraxacum mongolicum (TM) is a kind of medicinal and edible homologous plant which is included in the catalogue of feed raw materials in China. It is rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides and other active substances, and shows many benefits to livestock, poultry and aquatic products. The study aimed to assess the potential of TM aqueous extract (TMAE) as a substitute for poultry AGPs. METHODS: A total of 240 one-day-old Arbor Acker broilers were randomly assigned to four groups and fed a basal diet (Con) supplemented with 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg TMAE (Low, Medium, and High groups)...

Arctium lappa L. root is a well-known Chinese medicine with high medicinal and food values. Arctium lappa L. root polysaccharide (ALP), as the main component and bioactive substance, has a variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antithrombotic, immunomodulatory activity and improvement of intestinal flora. The biological activities of polysaccharides are closely related to their structures, and different extraction and purification methods will yield different polysaccharide structures...

The primary aim of this study was to examine the impact of xylooligosaccharide (XOS) in rice protein concentrate (RPC) based diets on the growth performance, body composition, digestive enzymes, intestinal morphology and blood biochemistry of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Four different XOS levels (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%) were used at each RPC (75% and 100%) level. Twenty-five fish per tank with an average initial weight of 25 ± 0.05 g were randomly assigned (Randomised complete block design) to each of the 8 groups in triplicate aquaria (36 × 16 × 12″) and then fed with respective diets @ 3% body weight for 90 days...

BACKGROUND: Feed supplements, including essential trace elements are believed to play an important role in augmenting fish immune response. In this context, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) in fish diets via a green biosynthesis strategy have attracted considerable interest. In this investigation, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs, 79.26 nm) synthesized from the green microalga Pediastrum boryanum were incorporated into Nile tilapia diets to explore its beneficial effects on the immune defense and intestinal integrity, in comparison with control basal diets containing inorganic Se source...

The influence of systemic immune activation on whole-body Ca trafficking and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) physiology are not clear. Thus, study objectives were to characterize the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Ca pools and GIT dynamics to increase understanding of immune-induced hypocalcemia, ileus and stomach hemorrhaging. Twelve crossbred pigs [44 ± 3 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 intramuscular treatments: (1) control (CON; 2 mL saline; n=6) or (2) LPS (40 µg LPS/kg BW; n=6)...

Trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) is a microbiota-derived metabolite, and numerous studies have shown that it could regulate fat metabolism in humans and mice. However, few studies have focused on the effects of TMAO on fat deposition in growing-finishing pigs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TMAO on fat deposition and intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs. Sixteen growing pigs were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed with a basal diet with 0 or 1 g/kg TMAO for 149 d. The intestinal microbial profiles, fat deposition indexes, and fatty acid profiles were measured...

BACKGROUND: Liver disease is any disease that negatively affects the normal function of the liver, and it is a major health problem that challenges not only healthcare professionals, but also the pharmaceutical industry and drug regulatory agencies. Similarly, diarrhea is the second leading cause of death among children under five globally next to pneumonia. The available synthetic drugs for the treatment of liver disorders and diarrhoea have limited safety and efficacy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vivo hepatoprotective and antidiarrheal activities of hydroalcoholic leaf and fruit extracts of Schinus molle L...

In the current study, Azo-Thiohydantoins derivatives were synthesized and characterized by using various spectroscopic techniques including FTIR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, elemental and HRMS analysis. The compounds were evaluated for alkaline phosphatase activity and it was observed that among all the synthesized compounds, derivative 7e exhibited substantial inhibitory activity (IC50  = 0.308 ± 0.065 µM), surpassing the standard inhibitor (L-Phenyl alanine, IC50  = 80...

BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used in humans and animals, which is very important for health. TCM affects the body 's immunity and changes in intestinal flora. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Hong-bailanshen (HBLS) supplementation in horses on serum biochemical profile, antioxidant enzymes and gut microbiota. METHODS: In this study, five horses were selected. On day 0, 14, 28, blood samples and feces were collected on days 0, 14, and 28 to analyse gut microbiota, serum biochemical and redox indexes...

CASE HISTORY: An outbreak of suspected Kikuyu grass ( Cenchrus clandestinus ) intoxication among dairy cattle occurred on the island of Terceira in the Azores (Portugal), in October 2022. The animals affected were non-lactating dairy cows and heifers from five small farms grazing (free or tethered) a Kikuyu-dominant pasture. Of the 29 animals exposed, 17 were affected, and eight (five heifers and three adult cows) died, resulting in a morbidity rate of 58%, a mortality rate of 28% and a case mortality rate of 47%...

Infection by an emerging bacterial pathogen Rahnella aquatilis caused enteritis and septicemia in fish. However, the molecular pathogenesis of enteritis induced by R. aquatilis infection and its interacting mechanism of the intestinal microflora associated with microRNA (miRNA) immune regulation in crucian carp Carassius auratus are still unclear. In this study, C. auratus intraperitoneally injected with R. aquatilis KCL-5 was used as an experimental animal model, and the intestinal pathological changes, microflora, and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were investigated by multi-omics analysis...

High-carbohydrate (HC) diets decrease the intestinal levels of sodium acetate (SA) and sodium butyrate (SB) and impair the gut health of largemouth bass; however, SA and SB have been shown to enhance immunity and improve intestinal health in farmed animals. Thus, the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary SA and SB on HC diet-induced intestinal injury and the potential mechanisms in juvenile largemouth bass. The experiment set five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, including a low-carbohydrate diet (9% starch) (LC), a high carbohydrate diet (18% starch) (HC), and the HC diet supplemented with 2 g/kg SA (HCSA), 2 g/kg SB (HCSB) or a combination of 1 g/kg SA and 1 g/kg SB (HCSASB)...