Pleural effusion biochemical markers

Tuberculous pleuritis (TP) is one of the most common extra-pulmonary tuberculosis form. Because of tuberculous pleurisy is hard to diagnose due to slow course of disease and lack of specificity in symptoms and diagnostic methods. In that reason, we need multidisciplinary approach and efficient biomarkers. Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining, cultures and pathophysiological biopsy finding from the majority of patients are positive only in less than 10%. Löwenstein culture results need time about 6-8 weeks what delays diagnosis...

To investigate the clinical characteristics, early blood biochemical indicators, and prognostic status of children with bronchopneumonia. We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 500 children diagnosed with bronchopneumonia at our hospital from June 2019 to December 2022. Based on the severity of the disease, patients were assigned to the severe group (n = 180) or mild group (n = 320), and an additional 150 healthy children were chosen as the control group. Blood indicators [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), plasma carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP), serum potassium (K+), serum sodium (Na+)], inflammatory markers [interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-10 (IL-10), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT)], and cardiac enzyme profiles [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB)] were compared among the 3 groups...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered as valuable biomarkers to discriminate healthy from diseased cells such as cancer. Passing cytosolic and plasma membranes before their release, EVs inherit the biochemical properties of the cell. Here, we determine protein profiles of single EVs to understand how much they represent their cell of origin. We use a microfluidic platform which allows to immobilize EVs from completely isolated single cells, reducing heterogeneity of EVs as strongly seen in cell populations...

Objectives. This study was carried out to delineate the patients' characteristics and the imaging findings and their relation to some biochemical markers of 31 critically ill patients with MIS-C. Design. A retrospective cross-sectional study including all critically ill MIS-C patients admitted to the PICU from June 23rd to July 22nd, 2020. Results. Eighteen males and 13 females, with a median age of 9 years (interquartile range 6-11) presented mainly with fever (100%) and hypotension (100%). Abnormalities in the chest computed tomography were detected in 22 cases (71%)...

Serous pleural effusions result from increased permeability and changed hydrostatic or colloid osmotic pressure. Laboratory biochemical findings provide conclusions about the effusion compositions. Together with the anamnesis and clinical assessment, they enable the evaluation of the effusion nature. The present study retrospectively analyzed combined biochemical and morphological findings in 2307 effusions of patients from two clinical centers: LungenClinic Grosshansdorf in Germany and Duzce University in Turkey...

Background: To explore the differences in clinical manifestations and infection marker determination for early diagnosis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and influenza (A and B). Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was designed. Patients with COVID-19 and inpatients with influenza at a sentinel surveillance hospital were recruited. Demographic data, medical history, laboratory findings, and radiographic characteristics were summarized and compared between the two groups. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables, and Kruskal-Wallis H -test was used for continuous variables in each group...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprising exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are released by all cells into the extracellular matrix and body fluids, where they play important roles in intercellular communication and matrix remodeling in various pathological conditions. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a primary tumor of mesothelial origin, predominantly related to asbestos exposure. The detection of MPM at an early stage and distinguishing it from benign conditions and metastatic adenocarcinomas (AD) is sometimes challenging...

BACKGROUND: Exudative pleural effusion (EPE) is one of the common pleural manifestations of various diseases. Differential diagnosis of EPE is imperative clinically as it identifies different causes of EPE, thereby, enabling effective treatments. Thoracoscopy is a useful tool for differential diagnosis of EPE; however, some patients refuse thoracoscopic examination due to its invasive nature. In addition, the specificity and sensitivity of existing routine tests of EPE are unsatisfactory...

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that can be associated with intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations. Some patients are treated with infliximab, an antitumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ) agent, to help them achieve and maintain clinical and biochemical remission. However, some patients with CD can present severe adverse effects such as drug-induced lupus and rarely present with pleural space and pericardium involvement. We report a case of an 18-year-old Hispanic male with CD who acquired anti-TNF- α -induced lupus after infliximab therapy presenting with pleural effusion and pericarditis...

BACKGROUND: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) increasingly are implicated in acute and chronic conditions involving multiple organ systems. RESEARCH QUESTION: Are NET concentrations higher in parapneumonic effusions compared with effusions of other origin and does this reflect the inflammatory nature of these effusions? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients (N = 101) seeking hospital treatment for undifferentiated pleural effusion underwent pleural fluid classification based on cytologic analysis results, biochemical findings, microbiological characteristics, and clinical judgement...

Objectives: Pleural effusion, defined as an abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural space, can be of two types: transudative and exudative. The primary aim of the study was to assess the predictive accuracy of procalcitonin (PCT) and pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) in comparison to other biochemical markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusions. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on patients with pleural effusion...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic role of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in acute PE. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred and twenty patients with acute PE were consecutively enrolled and followed for 30 days after discharge. Serum CRP and NT-proBNP were determined. Right ventricular function was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in age, S-PESI, and CRP levels between the early mortality group and without early mortality group...

Introduction Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is caused by species of organisms in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. It is a major public health problem worldwide and is endemic in Pakistan. Various clinical and biochemical markers exist for its diagnosis. Radiology has an important role in the diagnosis of PTB. Initially, a chest radiograph is warranted for PTB evaluation. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) also has high sensitivity and specificity for PTB diagnosis. Features of primary TB include consolidation, lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion and miliary nodules whereas post-primary TB include apical consolidation, nodules and cavitation...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic significance of biochemical markers and pentraxin-3 in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusions. METHODS: The prospective clinical study was conducted at the Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, from January 2013 to June 2014, and comprised patients with pleural effusion. Pleural effusions were tested for glucose, protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and pentraxin 3 while simultaneous C-reactive protein and white blood cell levels were studied in the serums...

The differentiation between tuberculous plural effusion (TPE) and malignant plural effusion (MPE) remains a major clinical challenge in the diagnosis and management of pleural effusions, especially in developing countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of cytokines, tumor markers and biochemical markers in the differentiation of TPE and MPE. Two hundred and forty-two patients were included, of whom 134 were diagnosed with MPE and 108 were diagnosed with TPE...

INTRODUCTION: Identifying infectious pleural effusions (IPE) that will progress to complicated infection or empyema is challenging. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a model based on multiple biochemical parameters in pleural fluid can predict which IPEs will produce empyema. METHODS: A prospective study was performed of all cases of IPEs treated in our unit. IPEs were classified as uncomplicated or complicated (empyema). Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk for complicated pleural infection (empyema)...

The clinical significance of pleural effusions (PLEs) in the setting of acute pericarditis remains poorly investigated. We sought to identify predictive factors for PLEs and their association with the short- and long-term prognosis of patients with acute pericarditis. We enrolled 177 patients hospitalized with a first episode of acute pericarditis. In all cases an extensive clinical, biochemical, and diagnostic work-up to detect PLEs and establish etiological diagnosis was performed. All patients included were prospectively followed for a maximum of 18 months (median 12, range 1-18) and complications were recorded...

BACKGROUND: An important part of the investigation of pleural effusion is the identification of markers that help separate exudate from transudate. OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to compare the accuracy of published and new sets of criteria to distinguish between exudative and transudative pleural effusions, and to determine whether serum biochemical analysis is necessary. METHODS: An externally validated cohort study was performed...

Fibrin formation in infectious parapneumonic effusion (IPE) characterizes complicated parapneumonic effusion and is important for providing guidelines for the management of IPEs that require aggressive interventions. We aim to identify metabolic mechanisms associated with bacterial invasion, inflammatory cytokines, and biochemical markers in cases of fibrinous infectious pleural effusions in children with pneumonia. Pleural fluid metabolites were determined by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Metabolites that contributed to the separation between fibrinous and nonfibrinous IPEs were identified using supervised partial least squares discriminant analysis ( Q2 / R2 = 0...

Biochemical testing of peritoneal and pleural fluids is carried out widely, although the range of tests likely to be useful is limited in comparison to the repertoire of tests available in a modern biochemistry laboratory. Fluids accumulate when pathological processes cause an imbalance between hydrostatic pressure gradients, capillary membrane permeability and lymphatic capacity, resulting in protein-poor transudates or inflammatory exudates. In peritoneal fluid, albumin is the most useful test, for the calculation of the serum-ascites albumin gradient; protein and LDH have a role regarding risk and diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and amylase may be useful in diagnosing fluid accumulation due to pancreatitis...