Vision, optometry

SIGNIFICANCE: This work shows the benefits of using two different magnification strategies to improve the reading ability of low-vision patients using a head-mounted technology. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of two magnification strategies in a head-mounted virtual reality display. METHODS: Eighty-eight eligible low-vision subjects were randomized into two arms: (1) the full-field magnification display or (2) the virtual bioptic telescope mode...

PURPOSE: To compare the ocular effects of exposure to a low-humidity environment with and without contact lens (CL) wear using various non-invasive tests. METHODS: Fourteen habitual soft CL wearers were exposed to controlled low humidity (5% relative humidity [RH]) in an environmental chamber for 90 min on two separate occasions. First, when wearing their habitual spectacles and then, on a separate visit, when wearing silicone hydrogel CLs that were fitted specifically for this purpose...

SIGNIFICANCE: A snapshot intraocular pressure (IOP) is ineffective in identifying the IOP peak and fluctuation, especially during sleep. Because IOP variability plays a significant role in the progression of glaucoma, monitoring the IOP, especially during sleep, is essential to capture the dynamic nature of IOP. PURPOSE: We aimed to design an ocular pressure estimator (OPE) that can reliably and accurately measure the IOP noninvasively over closed-eyelid condition...

SIGNIFICANCE: Validation of new biometry instruments against the gold standard and establishing repeatability are important before being utilized for clinical and research applications. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate intersession repeatability of the MYAH optical biometer and corneal topographer and examine agreement with the Lenstar LS900 optical biometer in healthy young adults. METHODS: Forty participants (mean age, 25.2 ± 3...

SIGNIFICANCE: Patients with Demodex blepharitis have a considerable symptomatic burden that negatively impacts their daily activities and well-being. Despite chronic manifestations of and problems associated with blepharitis that resulted in multiple visits to eye care providers, Demodex blepharitis remained underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Demodex blepharitis on patients' daily activities and well-being. METHODS: This prospective, multicenter, observational study recruited 524 patients with Demodex blepharitis from 20 U...

UNLABELLED: Many populations experience difficulty accessing eye care, especially in rural areas. Implementing workforce recruitment and retention strategies, as well as task shifting through widening scope of practice, can improve eye care accessibility. This article provides novel evidence on the compatibility of these strategies aimed at enhancing ophthalmic workforce recruitment, retention, and efficacy. PURPOSE: The global burden of blindness is unequally distributed, affects rural areas more, and is frequently associated with limited access to eye care...

The availability of a range of effective myopia control modalities enables the clinician to exercise judgment when discussing the treatment plan with the patient and their parents. This article outlines important considerations beyond efficacy.Clinically meaningful myopia control may be attained with some spectacle lenses, select soft contact lenses, some concentrations of atropine, and overnight orthokeratology. Given that satisfactory efficacy can be achieved with a range of modalities, other factors should be considered when deciding upon the best intervention for a given child...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

PURPOSE: To investigate differences in key clinical parameters between asymptomatic and highly symptomatic soft contact lens (CL) wearers after 14 h of wear. METHODS: In this pilot investigation, Phase 1 identified asymptomatic (CLDEQ-8 score ≤ 7) and highly symptomatic (CLDEQ-8 score ≥ 20) subjects after fitting with nelfilcon A CLs. Phase 2 investigated the following over a single nelfilcon A CL-wearing day (14 ± 2 h): blinking characteristics, tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), tear film osmolarity and eyelid margin staining...

SIGNIFICANCE: The number of patients with mild to moderate visual impairments (MVIs) is increasing as the average age of the population increases. Thus, it is important to understand the training and resources available for rehabilitation practitioners to provide adequate care to these patients within their scope of practice. PURPOSE: This study explores rehabilitation professionals' perceptions of their competence in screening and treating patients with MVI, and identifying the tools and resources needed to increase these professionals' comfort level in managing these patients...

PURPOSE: Asthenopia is related to near vision activities or visual tasks that dissociate accommodation from vergence. Since the results of previous studies using objective measures to diagnose asthenopia are inconsistent, this study compared optometric tests and objective metrics of accommodation in non-asthenopic and asthenopic young adults before and after a visual fatigue task. METHODS: The accommodative response was recorded objectively for 6 min at a 3...

BACKGROUND: Keratoconus is an ectatic, progressive corneal disorder characterized by alterations in the morphology of the corneal tissue that leads to limitation of visual function of the patient. Intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) are small synthetic devices that are implanted in the corneal stromal in order to regularize the morphology of the tissue therefore improving the visual function and the quality of life of the patients. MAIN TEXT: The present narrative review summarizes the main scientific articles developed by the authors in relation to the clinical outcomes and long-term results of ICRS in the treatment of keratoconus...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the in vitro tolerance to decentration of biaspheric intraocular lens (IOLs) with refractive phase-ring extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) and diffractive trifocal designs. METHODS: This experimental study was carried out at the Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Science, University of Valencia, Spain. The modulation transfer function (MTF) of the ETLIO130C EDOF and the TFLIO130C trifocal IOLs (AST Products Inc., Billerica, MA, USA) were determined at different levels of decentration for a given wavelength and pupil diameter using the PMTF optical bench (Lambda-X Ophthalmics, Nivelles, Belgium)...

PURPOSE: This study addressed the utilisation of machine learning techniques to estimate tear osmolarity, a clinically significant yet challenging parameter to measure accurately. Elevated tear osmolarity has been observed in contact lens wearers and is associated with contact lens-induced dry eye, a common cause of discomfort leading to discontinuation of lens wear. METHODS: The study explored machine learning, regression and classification techniques to predict tear osmolarity using routine clinical parameters...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: Convergence insufficiency (CI) is an oculomotor abnormality characterised by exophoria and inadequate convergence when focusing on nearby objects. CI has been shown to cause symptoms when reading. However, the downstream consequences on brain structure have yet to be investigated. Here, we investigated the neural consequences of symptomatic CI, focusing on the left arcuate fasciculus, a bundle of white matter fibres which supports reading ability and has been associated with reading deficits...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

PURPOSE: Quality-of-care in refractive error services is essential, as it directly affects vision outcomes, wellbeing, educational attainment, and workforce participation. In Cambodia, uncorrected refractive error is a leading cause of mild and moderate vision impairment in adults. We evaluated the quality of refractive error care in Cambodia by estimating the proportion of prescribed and dispensed spectacles appropriate for people's refractive error needs and factors associated with spectacle quality...

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the ability of QuickSee to detect children at risk for significant vision conditions (significant refractive error [RE], amblyopia and strabismus). METHODS: Non-cycloplegic refraction (using QuickSee without and with +2 dioptre (D) fogging lenses) and unaided binocular near visual acuity (VA) were measured in 4- to 12-year-old children. Eye examination findings (VA, cover testing and cycloplegic retinoscopy) were used to determine the presence of vision conditions...

BACKGROUND: To describe the diagnostic performance of a deep learning (DL) algorithm in detecting Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) based on specular microscopy (SM) and to reliably detect widefield peripheral SM images with an endothelial cell density (ECD) > 1000 cells/mm2 . METHODS: Five hundred and forty-seven subjects had SM imaging performed for the central cornea endothelium. One hundred and seventy-three images had FECD, while 602 images had other diagnoses...