Osteosarcoma adult

Rhabdomyosarcoma with TFCP2-related fusions (TFCP2-RMS) is a rare entity that commonly affects young adults with a predilection for skeletal involvement. We herein report a 40-year-old female patient with TFCP2-RMS who was misdiagnosed as fibrous dysplasia or low-grade central osteosarcoma of the mandible by referring institutions. Histologically, the tumor showed dominant spindle cells and focal epithelioid cells with marked immature woven bone formation. Immunophenotypically, in addition to the characteristic expression of myogenic markers, ALK, and cytokeratins, tumor cells also unusually expressed osteogenic markers, such as MDM2 and SATB2...

Data on gonadotoxicity of chemotherapies are essential to better counsel young females and males about the risk of infertility and to better indicate fertility preservation measures before cancer therapies. However, such data have not recently been reviewed for bone cancer. Therefore, a systematic literature search was conducted considering papers published since 2000. This study is part of the FertiTOX® project, which aims to improve the lack of data regarding gonadotoxicity of cancer therapies to enable more accurate counseling regarding fertility preservation...

Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive cancer prevalent among adolescents and young adults, notorious for its tendency to metastasize to the lungs. This research delves into the molecular foundations of osteosarcoma by examining the role of the Hippo signaling pathway and its interaction with the tumor immune microenvironment (TME). Through analysis of transcriptomic data from the TARGET-OS dataset and control samples from GTEx, we identified a set of 131 genes that link high expression profiles in osteosarcoma with the Hippo pathway...

Osteosarcoma, the most prevalent primary bone tumor in children and young adults, can often be successfully treated with standard chemotherapy and surgery when diagnosed at an early stage. However, patients presenting with metastases face significant challenges in achieving a cure. Despite advancements in classical therapies over the past few decades, clinical outcomes for osteosarcoma have not substantially improved. Recently, there has been increased understanding of the biology of osteosarcoma, leading to the identification of new therapeutic targets...

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma displays a bimodal peak in incidence in adolescence and later adulthood. Males are more frequently diagnosed with osteosarcoma in both periods. Males have worse survival than females, which is generally poor at 30-70% 5-years post diagnosis, depending on age, but treatment received is often unaccounted for in survival analyses. METHODS: Therefore, we estimated sex differences in survival for children and adults stratifying by treatment received and other disease characteristics using the National Cancer Database (2004-2016, n=9017)...

INTRODUCTION: Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality with over 19 million cases and 10 million deaths worldwide. Available data on cancer patterns in Uganda are through modelling of data from two population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) representing only about 10% of the cancer situation in Uganda. This study sought to determine the common types of cancer among adults and children in Arua District over a 5-year period (2017-2021). METHODS: Retrospective cohort chart review and 'catchment population approach' were employed...

INTRODUCTION: The bone tumor, osteosarcoma, remains challenging to treat in children and young adults, especially when patients present with metastatic disease. Developing new therapies based on genomic data from sequencing projects has proven difficult given the lack of recurrent genetic lesions across tumors. MYC overexpression has been associated with poor outcomes in osteosarcoma. However, other genomic markers of disease severity are lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We utilized whole genome sequencing of 106 tumors and matched normal controls in order to define genomic characteristics that correlate with overall survival...

Osteosarcoma predominantly affects adolescents and young adults and is characterized as a malignant bone tumor. In recent decades, substantial advancements have been achieved in both diagnosing and treating osteosarcoma. Resulting in enhanced survival rates. Despite these advancements, the intricate relationship between ferroptosis and cuproptosis genes in osteosarcoma remains inadequately understood. Leveraging TARGET and GEO datasets, we conducted Cox regression analysis to select prognostic genes from a cohort of 71 candidates...

Primary bone sarcomas are rare tumours, comprising approximately 1-2% of adult and around 13-15% of all paediatric cancers. Limb salvage surgery is a challenge in complex musculoskeletal tumours. Young age adds to its complexity, since the growth potential of the reconstruct has to be considered to have optimal function of the salvaged limb. An observational retrospective study performed on 52 paediatric patients between Jan 2011 and Dec 2018 with malignant bone tumour of lower limbs had been assessed for postoperative functional outcomes with questionnaires and clinico-radiological examination for functional and oncological outcome...

Bone and soft tissue tumors (BST) are a highly heterogeneous group largely classified by their line of differentiation, based on their resemblance to their normal counterpart in adult tissue. Yet, rendering a specific diagnosis can be challenging, primarily due to their rarity and overlapping histopathologic features or clinical presentations. Over the past few decades, seemingly histogenetic-specific gene fusions/translocations and amplifications have been discovered, aiding in a more nuanced classification, leading to well-established objective diagnostic criteria and the development of specific surrogate ancillary tests targeting these genetic aberrations (e...

PURPOSE: Pepinemab, a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody, targets the SEMA4D (CD100) antigen to inhibit binding to its high-affinity receptors (plexin B1/PLXNB1, plexin B2/PLXNB2) and low-affinity receptor (CD72). SEMA4D blockade leads to increased cytotoxic T-cell infiltration, delayed tumor growth, and durable tumor rejection in murine tumor models. Pepinemab was well tolerated and improved T cell infiltration in clinical studies in adults with refractory tumors. SEMA4D was identified as a strong candidate proto-oncogene in a model of osteosarcoma...

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly aggressive and lethal malignant bone tumor that primarily afflicts children, adolescents, and young adults. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying OS pathogenesis remain obscure. Mounting evidence implicates dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumorigenesis and progression. These lncRNAs play a pivotal role in modulating gene expression at diverse epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. Uncovering the roles of aberrant lncRNAs would provide new insights into OS pathogenesis and novel tools for its early diagnosis and treatment...

Osteosarcoma is a rare cancer affecting disease for children and young adults; complete healing from this condition is quite difficult. Recently, new regeneration materials have been preferred, including natural compound companied implants for affected bone repair, and it is effectively used to treat osteosarcoma disease. Hence, Octa calcium phosphate (OCP) reinforced with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and oleic acid (OA) with Naringenin (NRG) composite was prepared and studied to cure the sarcoma affected bone...

OBJECTIVE: Treating pediatric osteosarcoma in long bones is challenging due to skeletal immaturity, which restricts the generalizability of insights derived from adult patients. Are there disparities in outcomes? How should surgical protocols be tailored for children of varying ages? What are the specific postoperative complications? A large single-center retrospective cohort study of 345 patients under 14 years old with lower-limb osteosarcoma treated in our department since 2000 was conducted to address these inquiries...

The 5-year overall survival of children and adolescents with osteosarcoma has been in plateau during the last 30 years. The present systematic review (1976-2023) and meta-analysis aimed to explore factors implicated in the prognosis of children and young adults with high-grade osteosarcoma. Original studies including patients ≤30 years and the Nationwide Registry for Childhood Hematological Malignancies and Solid Tumors (NARECHEM-ST) data (2010-2021) referred to children ≤14 years were analysed...

The research purpose is to review the surgical approach and evaluate the results in adult patients with head and neck sarcomas. The histopathology varied, including two leiomyosarcomas, six malignant fibrous histiocytomas, two malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, four dermatofibrosarcomas protuberans, three osteosarcomas, two angiosarcomas, one liposarcoma, one Ewing sarcoma, one synovial sarcoma, two unclassified/non-differentiated sarcomas and one solitary fibrous tumor. Surgical resection included maxillectomy, mandibulectomy, craniectomy, parotidectomy, scalp resection, face skin resection and laminectomy...

Osteosarcoma cancers are becoming more common in children and young adults, and existing treatments have low efficacy and a very high mortality rate, making it pressing to search for new chemotherapies with high efficacy and high selectivity index. Copper complexes have shown promise in the treatment of osteosarcoma. Here, we report the synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity of [Cu(N-N-Fur)(NO3 )(H2 O)] complex where N-N-Fur is (E)- N '-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)furan-2-carbohydrazide. The [Cu(N-N-Fur)(NO3 )(H2 O)] complex was characterized via X-ray diffraction and electron spin resonance (ESR), displaying a copper center in a nearly squared pyramid environment with the nitrate ligand acting as a fifth ligand in the coordination sphere...

Head and neck osteosarcoma is an uncommon yet aggressive tumor which presents therapeutic challenges to get favourable results. Surgery remained the most effective treatment modality in this entity eventhough chemoradiotherapy have been tried in various studies for better outcome but still not yet becomes the standard in the management of these cases unlike in extremity osteosarcoma. We present our experience in the management of this uncommon yet lethal malignant tumor, i.e. head and neck osteosarcoma. To study the clinicopathological and prognostic features of Osteosarcoma in head and neck subsite...

INTRODUCTION: In complex pediatric surgical oncology, surgical planning is contingent upon data gathered from preoperative imaging. Three-dimensional (3D) modeling and printing has been shown to be beneficial for adult presurgical planning, though pediatric literature is less robust. The study reviews our institutional experience with the use of 3D image segmentation and printed models in approaching resection of extracranial solid tumors in children. METHODS: This is a single institutional series from 2021 to 2023...

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a frequently occurring primary bone tumor, mostly affecting children, adolescents and young adults. Before 1970, surgical resection was the main treatment method for OS, but the clinical results were not promising. Subsequently, the advent of chemotherapy has improved the prognosis of patients with OS. However, there is still a high incidence of metastasis or recurrence, and chemotherapy has several side effects, thus making the 5‑year survival rate markedly low. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‑T) cell therapy represents an alternative immunotherapy approach with significant potential for hematologic malignancies...