Sodium carbonate

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a key gaseous signaling molecule in living cells and organisms. This protocol illustrates the synthesis of a highly sensitive Nile Red (NR)-Pd-based fluorescent probe, NR-PdA, and its applications for detecting endogenous CO in tissue culture cells, ex vivo organs, and zebrafish embryos. In the NR-PdA synthesis process, 3-diethylamine phenol reacts with sodium nitrite in the acidic condition to afford 5-(diethylamino)-2-nitrosophenol hydrochloride (compound 1), which is further treated with 1-naphthalenol at a high temperature to provide the NR dye via a cyclization reaction...

Hierarchical porous structures are highly desired for various applications. However, it is still challenging to obtain such materials with tunable architectures. Here, this paper reports hierarchical nanomaterials with oriented 2D pores by taking advantages of thermally instable bonds in vanadium-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). High-temperature calcination of these MOFs accompanied by the loss of coordinated water molecules and other components enables the formation of orderly slit-like 2D pores in vanadium oxide/porous carbon nanorods (VOx /PCs)...

Bio-inspired mineralization is an effective way for fabricating complicated inorganic materials, which inspires us to develop new methods to synthesize materials with fascinating properties. In this article, we report that the charged tellurium nanowires (TeNWs) can be used as bio-macromolecule analogues to direct the formation of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) nanosheets (ACCNs) in a mixed solvent. The effects of surface charges and the concentration of the TeNWs on the formation of ACCNs have been investigated...

Novel three-dimensional (3D) multiroom-structured multicomponent metal (NiFe) selenide-graphitic carbon (GC)-carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid microspheres were prepared by spray pyrolysis and a subsequent selenization process. Phase segregation and the decomposition of dextrin resulted in multiroom-structured microspheres with uniformly distributed empty nanovoids in the spray pyrolysis process. Metal nanocrystals of iron and nickel components that formed as intermediate products during the selenization process transformed amorphous carbon into GC by acting as nanocatalysts...

The textural properties and surface chemistry of different activated carbons, prepared by the chemical activation of olive stones, have been investigated in order to gain insight on the NO₂ adsorption mechanism. The parent chemical activated carbon was prepared by the impregnation of olive stones in phosphoric acid followed by thermal carbonization. Then, the textural properties and surface chemistry were modified by chemical treatments including nitric acid, sodium hydroxide and/or a thermal treatment at 900 °C...

This manuscript presents the impact of addition of antioxidant additives to rice bran biodiesel blend on the performance and emission characteristics of compression ignition (C.I) engine. Rice bran methyl ester (RBME) was produced from rice bran oil by transesterification using sodium hydroxide as catalyst. An experimental investigation was conducted on a single-cylinder four-stroke C.I engine to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of rice bran methyl ester (RBME) blended with diesel at 20% by volume (B20) with and without addition of 1000 ppm of two monophenolic antioxidant additives, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)...

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted ever-growing attention as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage applications, due to the abundant sodium resources and their low cost. Nevertheless, it is still a significant challenge to realize superior electrode materials with high capacity and good cyclability. To address these problems, herein, a rational microstructure of the SnS2-carbon composite has been designed for superior performance, which consists of MWNTs as a carbon matrix, the SnS2 nanosheet (NS) as an active material, the outer carbon coating as a protection layer, as well as the interior void space for volume accommodation...

Sodium dual ion batteries (NDIBs) are attracting extensive attention recently due to their low cost and abundant sodium resources. However, the low capacity of the carbonaceous anode would reduce the energy density and the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in the anode during the initial cycles would consume large amount Na+ in the electrolyte, resulting in low Coulombic efficiency and inferior stability of the NDIBs. To address these issues, a phosphorus-doped soft carbon (P-SC) anode combination with a pre-sodiation process is developed to enhance the performance of the NDIBs...

Three-dimensional (3D) carbon-wrapped iron sulfide interlocked graphene (Fe7S8@C-G) composites for high-performance sodium-ion storage are designed and produced through electrostatic interactions and subsequent sulfurization. The iron-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, MIL-88-Fe) interact with graphene oxide sheets to form 3D networks, and carbon-wrapped iron sulfide (Fe7S8@C) nanoparticles with high individual-particle conductivity are prepared following a sulfurization process, surrounded by interlocked graphene sheets to enhance the interparticle conductivity...

Objective: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute and lethal clinical syndrome that is characterized by the injury of alveolar epithelium, which impairs active fluid transport in the lung, and impedes the reabsorption of edema fluid from the alveolar space. This review aimed to discuss the role of pro-resolving mediators on the regulation of alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) in ARDS. Data Sources: Articles published up to September 2017 were selected from the PubMed, with the keywords of "alveolar fluid clearance" or "lung edema" or "acute lung injury" or "acute respiratory distress syndrome", and "specialized pro-resolving mediators" or "lipoxin" or "resolvin" or "protectin" or "maresin" or "alveolar epithelial cells" or "aspirin-triggered lipid mediators" or "carbon monoxide and heme oxygenase" or "annexin A1"...

The carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors, acetazolamide and its structurally similar analogue, methazolamide prevent or reduce hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in dogs and humans in vivo, by a mechanism unrelated to CA inhibition. In rodent blood and isolated blood vessels, Aamand et al. (2009) reported that inhibition of CA led to increased generation of nitric oxide (NO) from nitrite and vascular relaxation in vitro. We tested the physiological relevance of augmented NO generation by CA from nitrite with acetazolamide in anaesthetized pigs during alveolar hypoxia in vivo...

In this paper, three phosphates were used as modifiers to modify animal glue binder. The structural characteristics and thermal properties of animal glue binder treated with phosphates were studied by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and derivative thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the modified animal glue binder had better sand tensile strength and lower viscosity than untreated animal glue binder. The best modification process was as follows: the optimal amount of sodium carbonate was 4 wt% to animal glue; the optimal weight ratio of the modifiers was sodium pyrophosphate : sodium tripolyphosphate : sodium hexametaphosphate : animal glue = 3 : 3 : 4 : 100, and the optimal reaction should be performed at 80°C for a reaction time of 120 min...

Ever-increasing freshwater scarcity and energy crisis problems require efficient saltwater desalination and energy storage technologies. However, the both targets are generally considered separately. Herein, a hybrid sodium-ion supercapacitor, involving a carbon-coated nano-NaTi2(PO4)3 based battery-anode and an activated carbon based capacitive-cathode, is developed to simultaneously realize above targets. On charge, the supercapacitor removes salt in flowing saltwater electrolyte through Cl- electrochemical adsorption in cathode and Na+-intercalation in anode...

Inhibition of dopamine transporter (DAT) by GBR12909 has been proposed as a pharmacological model of mania related to bipolar disorder (BD). Here we tested the hypothesis that GBR12909 injection impairs habituation and induces hyperlocomotion in mice, along with changes in cytokines and neurotrophic factors levels, as observed in BD patients. We also tested if lithium carbonate, sodium valproate and aripiprazole prevent GBR12909-induced locomotion. Male Swiss mice received GBR12909 (15 mg/kg) injections and locomotor responses were quantified in an open field...

Sodium (Na) metal anodes with stable electrochemical cycling have attracted widespread attention due to their highest specific capacity and lowest potential among anode materials for Na batteries. The main challenges associated with Na metal anodes are dendritic formation and the low density of deposited Na during electrochemical plating. Here, we demonstrate a fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)-based electrolyte with 1 M sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide (NaFSI) salt for the stable and dense deposition of Na metal during electrochemical cycling...

Sensitive detection of biomarkers will mean accurate and early diagnosis of diseases. A tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has a crucial role in many cardiovascular diseases and it is related to many processes such as angiogenesis in cancer cells. Therefore, sensitive determination of tPA is important in diagnosis and clinical research. tPA monoclonal antibody was covalently attached onto single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using diimide-activated imidation coupling. Functionalized SWCNTs were immobilized onto a glassy carbon electrode and the modification process was investigated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), SEM, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)...

BACKGROUND: Chronic nicotine administration impairs reflex chronotropic responses that follow arterial baroreceptor unloading in female rats with repleted, but not depleted (ovariectomized, OVX), estrogen (E2 ). This study investigated whether products of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and/or heme oxygenase (HO) and related soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling mediate the E2 -sensitive depressant effect of nicotine on reflex tachycardia...

Nitrogen-doped carbon aerogels derived from sodium carboxymethyl cellulose were prepared via a multistep approach involving sol-gel, freeze-drying, carbonization, and KOH activation processes; ferric trichloride and collagen were used as cross-linking agent and nitrogen source, respectively. The carbon aerogels exhibited well-developed porous three-dimensional morphologies, high specific surface areas, and excellent magnetic properties. When applied as electrode material, the CA-N0.5 showed a specific capacitance of 185...

INTRODUCTION: The prognosis for leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) remains extremely poor regardless of intrathecal chemotherapy with various drugs, and thus, new treatments are necessary. Butyrate is an endogenous 4-carbon saturated fatty acid, has been investigated as an anti-tumor agent because of its multiple suppressive effects on several tumors. In this study, we investigated the cellular basis of sodium butyrate (SB), a sodium salt compound of butyrate, in vitro and evaluated the clinical potential of intrathecal SB administration for LM in vivo...

A novel magnetic bionanomaterial, Penicillium sp. yz11-22N2 doped with nano Fe3 O4 entrapped in polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate gel beads (PFEPS), was successfully synthesized. The factors including nutrient substance, temperature, pH, initial concentrations of atrazine and rotational speeds were presented and discussed in detail. Results showed that the highest removal efficiency of atrazine by PFEPS was 91.2% at 8.00 mg/L atrazine. The maximum removal capacity for atrazine was 7.94 mg/g. Meanwhile, it has been found that most of atrazine were removed by metabolism and degradation of Penicillium sp...