toprol

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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of bucindolol with that of metoprolol succinate for the maintenance of sinus rhythm in a genetically defined heart failure (HF) population with atrial fibrillation (AF). BACKGROUND: Bucindolol is a beta-blocker whose unique pharmacologic properties provide greater benefit in HF patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who have the beta1 -adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) Arg389Arg genotype. METHODS: A total of 267 HFrEF patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <0...

The praying mantis shows broad repertories of visually guided behaviours such as prey recognition and defence against collision. It is likely that neurons in the lobula complex (LOX), the third visual neuropil in the optic lobe, play significant roles in these behaviours. The LOX in the mantis brain consists of five neuropils: outer lobes 1 and 2 (OLO1 and OLO2); anterior lobe (ALO); dorsal lobe, (DLO); and stalk lobe (SLO), and ALO comprise ventral and dorsal subunits, ALO-V and ALO-D. To understand the functional organization of LOX, intracellular electrodes were used for recording from and staining neurons in these neuropils of the mantis (Tenodera aridifolia)...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We explore the pharmacogenomics of the beta-blocker bucindolol by discussing relevant beta-1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) polymorphisms and recent beta-blocker studies. Through this, we will understand how bucindolol may help patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (AF-HFrEF), which carries poor prognosis. RECENT FINDINGS: Retrospective study of the Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training trial revealed the interaction between the optimal beta-blocker dose and the ADRB1 Arg389 genotype for HFrEF clinical outcomes...

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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of long-term β(1)-aderergic receptor (AR) blockade on left ventricular (LV) remodeling and function in patients with chronic, isolated, degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR). BACKGROUND: Isolated MR currently has no proven therapy that attenuates LV remodeling or preserves systolic function. METHODS: Thirty-eight asymptomatic subjects with moderate to severe, isolated MR were randomized either to placebo or β(1)-AR blockade (Toprol-XL, AstraZeneca, London, United Kingdom) for 2 years...

BACKGROUND: There are no randomized, controlled trial data to support the benefit of beta-blockers in patients with asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction. We investigated whether beta-blocker therapy ameliorates left ventricular remodeling in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. METHOD AND RESULTS: Patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <40%, mild left ventricular dilation, and no symptoms of heart failure (New York Heart Association class I) were randomly assigned to receive extended-release metoprolol succinate (Toprol-XL, AstraZeneca) 200 mg or 50 mg or placebo for 12 months...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and blood pressure (BP) lowering effect of extended release metoprolol succinate (ER metoprolol) in children 6 to 16 years of age with established hypertension. STUDY DESIGN: Patients were randomized to one of four treatment arms: placebo or ER metoprolol (0.2 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, or 2.0 mg/kg). Data were analyzed on 140 intent-to-treat patients. RESULTS: Mean age (+/-SD) was 12.5 +/- 2.8 years and mean baseline BP was 132/78 +/- 9/9 mmHg...

OBJECTIVES: Given that adverse effects of chronic sympathetic activation are mediated by all three adrenergic receptor subtypes (beta1, beta2, alpha1), we examined the effects of standard doses of carvedilol and metoprolol succinate (metoprolol controlled release/extended release [CR/XL]) on hemodynamics, myocardial metabolism, and regional organ perfusion. BACKGROUND: Both beta1 selective and combined adrenergic blockade reduce morbidity and mortality in heart failure...

Recent clinical trials indicate that approximately two-thirds of patients in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II and III, who comprise almost 90% of patients with heart failure, die suddenly. Patients in NYHA class IV usually die of progressive heart failure. Implantation of implantable cardioverters defibrillators (ICDs) in this population would represent a huge logistic problem and economic expense. Clinical trials have recently demonstrated that beta-blocker therapy with carvedilol, bisoprolol, and toprol XL decrease the sudden death rate by almost 50%, in addition to impacting significantly on death due to worsening heart failure...