Apoe microbiota gut

The efficacy and mechanism of highland barley in the treatment of atherosclerosis have received little attention. Herein, we aimed to explore whether highland barley supplementation can prevent atherosclerosis progression and improve gut microbiota disorder in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/- ) mice. Male ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet with whole-grain highland barley (WHB) or refined highland barley for 18 weeks. WHB substantially inhibited the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, reduced serum tumor necrosis factor-α, and downregulated the expression of NLRP3 in the aorta...

Trimethylamine- N -oxide (TMAO), originating from dietary trimethylamine-containing nutrients such as choline, has been recognized as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Mangiferin is a bioactive xanthone initially extracted from mango ( Mangifera indica ). The present study aimed to investigate the effect of mangiferin on TMAO-induced atherogenesis in mice fed a high-choline diet. Female ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into three groups and fed either a control diet, a high-choline diet with 1% free choline, or an experimental diet with 1% free choline plus 0...

INTRODUCTION: Advanced age is a significant factor in changes to brain physiology and cognitive functions. Recent research has highlighted the critical role of the gut microbiome in modulating brain functions during aging, which can be influenced by various factors such as apolipoprotein E (APOE) genetic variance, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and dietary intake. However, the associations between the gut microbiome and these factors, as well as brain structural, vascular, and metabolic imaging markers, have not been well explored...

Overfeeding and a lack of exercise are increasingly causing obesity in dogs, which has become a big problem threatening the health of dogs. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate how dietary regulations can help to improve dogs' body conditions and minimize obesity. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary mulberry leaf powder (MLP) supplementation on the growth performance, lipid metabolism parameters, and gut microbiota of Chinese indigenous dogs. Fifteen Chinese indigenous dogs (6...

BACKGROUND: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The intestinal microbiome is altered in MCI and AD, and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 gene polymorphism is a risk factor for the progression of MCI to AD. This study aims to investigate the improvement in cognitive function of MCI patients with and without ApoE ε4 due to acupuncture and the changes in gut microbiota community composition and abundance in MCI. METHODS: This randomized assessor-blind controlled study will enrol MCI patients with and without the ApoE ε4 gene (n = 60/60)...

By a survey of metagenome-wide association studies (MWAS), we found a robust depletion of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus , Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , and Roseburia intestinalis in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). From an established collection of bacteria isolated from healthy Chinese individuals, we selected B. cellulosilyticus , R. intestinalis , and Faecalibacterium longum , a bacterium related to F. prausnitzii, and tested the effects of these bacteria in an Apoe /- atherosclerosis mouse model...

This study aimed to compare the effects of diets enriched in sugar, refined grain (RG), or whole grain (WG) on circulating cholesterol concentrations and established and emerging mechanisms regulating cholesterol metabolism. Forty-four male ApoE-/- mice aged 8 weeks were randomly fed an isocaloric sugar-, RG-, or WG-enriched diet for 12 weeks. Compared to WG-enriched diet, fasting plasma LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations were higher and the mRNA expression of intestinal LXR-α was lower in sugar- and RG-enriched diets; plasma TC, non-HDL-C, TG and VLDL-C concentrations, and cecal concentrations of lithocholic acid were higher and the mRNA expression of intestinal ABCG5 was lower in sugar-enriched diet, and the mRNA expression of hepatic IDOL and cecal concentrations of lithocholic and deoxycholic acids was higher in RG-enriched diet...

In this study, monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) was activated under pathological conditions, and was the novel source of cardiovascular reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS-induced endothelial dysfunction results in sustained and chronic vascular inflammation, which is central to atherosclerotic diseases. However, whether MAOB regulates endothelial oxidative stress and its related mechanism and whether gut microbiota mediates the anti-atherosclerosis effect of MAOB inhibitor remains unclear. In our study, MAOB expressions were elevated in high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice aortas, but only in vascular endothelial cells (not in smooth muscle cells)...

Dietary fiber consumption has been linked with improved cardiometabolic health, however, human studies have reported large interindividual variations in the observed benefits. We tested whether the effects of dietary fiber on atherosclerosis are influenced by the gut microbiome. We colonized germ-free ApoE-/- mice with fecal samples from three human donors (DonA, DonB, and DonC) and fed them diets supplemented with either a mix of 5 fermentable fibers (FF) or non-fermentable cellulose control (CC) diet. We found that DonA-colonized mice had reduced atherosclerosis burden with FF feeding compared to their CC-fed counterparts, whereas the type of fiber did not affect atherosclerosis in mice colonized with microbiota from the other donors...

Limited evidence suggests that the abundance of antioxidant polyphenols in dry red wine (DRW) may prevent cardiovascular diseases, a benefit likely attributed to abundant antioxidant polyphenols present in DRW. Here, we examined the anti-atherosclerotic effect of Cabernet Sauvignon DRW (CSDRW) in a mouse model of atherosclerosis (AS) using metabolomic profiling and molecular techniques. Oral administration of CSDRW reduced atherosclerotic lesion size in ApoE-/- mice, alleviated hyperlipidemia, ameliorated hepatic lipid accumulation mediated by AMPK activation, and promoted lipid metabolism via PPARγ-LXR-α-ABCA1 pathway regulation...

Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), has gained considerable research attention. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which is formed during ʟ-carnitine metabolism, promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, causing thrombosis. Here, we elucidated the anti-atherosclerotic effect and mechanism of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) essential oil (GEO) and its bioactive compound citral in Gubra Amylin NASH (GAN) diet with ʟ-carnitine-induced atherosclerosis female ApoE-/- mice...

OBJECTIVE: Atypical antipsychotics (APs) modify the gut microbiome, and weight gain in response to AP could be mediated by the gut microbiome. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the changes in the gut bacterial microbiome in AP-exposed children with obesity. METHODS: To rule out the confounder of AP indication, the gut bacterial microbiome was compared between healthy controls (Con) and AP-exposed individuals with overweight (APO) or normal weight (APN). Fifty-seven AP-treated outpatients (21 APO and 36 APN) and 25 Con were included in this cross-sectional microbiota study...

The gut microbiome has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic inflammatory condition. Aspirin may improve the immuno-inflammatory status in AS by regulating microbiota dysbiosis. However, the potential role of aspirin in modulating gut microbiota and microbial-derived metabolites remains less explored. In this study, we investigated the effect of aspirin treatment on AS progression by modulating gut microbiota and microbial-derived metabolites in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/- ) mice...

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) mimetic peptides are engineered fragments of the native apoE protein's LDL-receptor binding site that improve the outcomes following a brain injury and intestinal inflammation in a variety of models. The vicious cycle of enteric infections and malnutrition is closely related to environmental-driven enteric dysfunction early in life, and such chronic inflammatory conditions may blunt the developmental trajectories of children with worrisome and often irreversible physical and cognitive faltering...

Metformin (MTF) and berberine (BBR) share several therapeutic benefits in treating metabolic-related disorders. However, as the two agents have very different chemical structure and bioavailability in oral route, the goal of this study is to learn their characteristics in treating metabolic disorders. The therapeutic efficacy of BBR and MTF was systemically investigated in the high fat diet feeding hamsters and/or ApoE(-/-) mice; in parallel, gut microbiota related mechanisms were studied for both agents. We discovered that, although both two drugs had almost identical effects on reducing fatty liver, inflammation and atherosclerosis, BBR appeared to be superior over MTF in alleviating hyperlipidemia and obesity, but MTF was more effective than BBR for the control of blood glucose...

Impavido (Miltefosine) is an FDA-approved drug for treating leishmaniasis and primary amebic meningoencephalitis. We have shown previously that Miltefosine increased cholesterol release and dampened Nlrp3 inflammasome assembly in macrophages. Here, we show that Miltefosine reduced LPS-induced choline uptake by macrophages, and attenuated Nlrp3 inflammasome assembly in mice. Miltefosine-fed mice showed reduced plasma IL-1β in a polymicrobial cecal slurry model of systemic inflammation. Miltefosine-fed mice showed increased reverse cholesterol transport to the plasma, liver, and feces...

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota-dependent metabolite, has been shown to aggravate cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms of TMAO in the setting of cardiovascular disease progress remain unclear. Here, we aim to investigate the effects of TMAO on atherosclerosis (AS) development and the underlying mechanisms. Apoe -/- mice received choline or TMAO supplementation in a normal diet and a western diet for 12 weeks. Choline or TMAO supplementation in both normal diet and western diet significantly promoted plaque progression in Apoe-/- mice...

It is increasingly aware that gut microbiota is closely associated with atherosclerosis. However, which and how specific gut bacteria regulate the progression of atherosclerosis is still poorly understood. In this study, modified linear discriminant analysis was performed in comparing the gut microbiota structures of atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic mice, and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ( D. desulfuricans ) was found to be associated with atherosclerosis. D. desulfuricans- treated Apoe -/- mice showed significantly aggravated atherosclerosis...

A growing body of evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the human gut microbiota is associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) via neuroinflammatory processes across the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The gut microbiota affects brain health through the secretion of toxins and short-chain fatty acids, which modulates gut permeability and numerous immune functions. Observational studies indicate that AD patients have reduced microbiome diversity, which could contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease...

An eight-week feeding trial explored the mechanism that supplemented methionine (0 g/kg, 4 g/kg, 8 g/kg, and 12 g/kg) in a high-fat diet (120 g/kg fat) on intestinal lipid transportation and gut microbiota of M. Albus (initial weight 25.03 ± 0.13 g) based on the diet (60 g/kg fat), named as Con, HFD+M0, HFD+M4, HFD+M8, and HFD+M12, respectively. Compared with Con, gastric amylase, lipase, trypsin ( P < 0.05), and intestinal lipase, amylase, trypsin, Na+/ K+ -Adenosinetriphosphatase, depth of gastric fovea, and the number of intestinal villus goblet cells of HFD+M0 were markedly declined ( P < 0...