Right ventricular decompensation

Nowadays, more than 90% of all children born with congenital heart disease (CHD) reach adult life. Although initially considered to be cured, the majority of them continue to need specialised follow-up because they require re-do interventions or are at increased risk of cardiovascular complications and premature death. Arrhythmias are the most common cause of unscheduled hospital visits for grown-up CHD (GUCH) patients, accounting for one third of emergency admissions in these patients. Some GUCH patients are also at increased risk for sudden cardiac death...

AIMS: Treatment of advanced ischemic cardiomyopathy is often challenging, with recurrent episodes of cardiac decompensation and consequent need for multiple hospitalizations. Mixed outcomes have been previously reported after conventional surgical left ventricle(LV) reconstruction. Aim of this report is to describe a novel hybrid transcatheter technique to reconstruct the remodeled LV. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this manuscript, we provide a detailed step-by-step description of a novel procedure, called Less Invasive Ventricular Enhancement(LIVE), which reconstructs the remodeled LV by plication of anteroseptal LV scar, thus reducing the enlarged volume, decreasing wall stress and increasing ejection fraction...

Ventricular pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon, potentially fatal complication that has been associated with myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery, chest trauma, and infectious processes. Diagnosis can be challenging, as cases are rare and slowly progressing and typically lack identifiable features on clinical presentation. As a result, advanced imaging techniques have become the hallmark of identification. Ahead, we describe a patient who presents with acute decompensated heart failure and was incidentally discovered to have a large right ventricular pseudoaneurysm that developed following previous traumatic anterior rib fracture...

BACKGROUND: Late allocation of organs for transplant impairs post liver transplant (LT) survival. Cardiac dysfunction, especially diastolic and autonomic dysfunction, is frequent and plays an important role in the prognosis of cirrhotic patients. However, the role of myocardial contractility is unexplored and its prognostic value is controversially discussed. This study analyses the role of myocardial contractility assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography in LT allocation. METHODS: 168 cirrhotic patients (training cohort: 111, validation cohort: 57) awaiting LT in two centers were included in this retrospective study...

In this case report, we discuss treatment of a 66-year-old patient with right heart failure due to chronic left heart failure caused by ischemic cardiomyopathy. We decided to manage this patient by implanting a temporary right ventricular assist device (Impella RP®) as a novel therapeutic option for acute on chronic right heart decompensation.

Traumatic ventral septal defect may be sustained after either blunt force or penetrating trauma to the chest. Severity ranges from asymptomatic to acute decompensated heart failure. Our patient suffered a stab wound to the chest and was initially taken to the operating room for repair of a lacerated right ventricle. Subsequent postoperative hemodynamic deterioration prompted a bedside transthoracic echocardiogram, which failed to identify causal factors. A transesophageal echocardiogram performed immediately after ventral septal defect was demonstrated...

INTRODUCTION: In times of organ shortage, death while on the heart waiting-list still represents a major problem. As a consequence, bridging to transplant as well as the decision when to escalate therapy play a very important role. METHODS AND RESULTS: We report on two young patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and acute decompensation who were successfully bridged to heart transplantation with both left and temporary right ventricular assist devices in just 2 months...

BACKGROUND: The objective of this work was to determine the impact of improving right ventricular versus left ventricular stroke work indexes (RVSWI vs LVSWI) during therapy for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). METHODS AND RESULTS: Cox proportional hazards regression and logistic regression were used to analyze key factors associated with outcomes in 175 patients (mean age 56.7 ± 13.6 years, 29.1% female) with hemodynamic data from the Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness trial...

BACKGROUND: Accurate assessment of volume status is essential in diagnosis and guidance of decongestive therapy in patients with acute heart failure. We sought to compare peripheral venous pressure (PVP) with central venous pressure (CVP), as well as other invasive hemodynamic measurements, in patients hospitalized with an acute heart failure syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS: PVP-HF (Peripheral Venous Pressure Measurements in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure) was a single-center prospective study, which enrolled patients admitted with acute heart failure, regardless of ejection fraction or disease pathogenesis...

A key feature of heart failure is adverse extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, which is associated with increases in the collagen cross-linking enzyme, lysyl oxidase (LOX). In this study, we assess the progression of cardiovascular remodeling from the compensatory to decompensatory phase, with a focus on the change in LOX expression and activity as it relates to alterations in ECM composition and changes in cardiac function. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied after 4, 14, or 21weeks of aortocaval fistula-induced volume overload (VO)...

Right ventricular failure (RVF) is the most important prognostic factor for both morbidity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but also occurs in numerous other common diseases and conditions, including left ventricle dysfunction. RVF remains understudied compared with left ventricular failure (LVF). However, right and left ventricles have many differences at the morphological level or the embryologic origin, and respond differently to pressure overload. Therefore, knowledge from the left ventricle cannot be extrapolated to the right ventricle...

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a major cause of acute cardiovascular mortality and long-term morbidity. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is the key determinant of prognosis in the acute phase of PE, and residual RV dysfunction is associated with the development of post-PE functional impairment, chronic thromboembolic disease, and higher costs of treatment over the long term. Patients with clinically overt RV failure, i.e. hemodynamic collapse at presentation (high-risk PE), necessitate immediate thrombolytic treatment to relieve the obstruction in the pulmonary circulation; surgical or catheter-directed removal of the thrombus can be an alternative option...

In urban populations, worsening renal function (WRF) is well established in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, the mechanisms for development of WRF in the setting of acute HF in HFpEF are unclear. In the present study, we sought to characterize conventional echocardiographic measures of right ventricular (RV) chamber size and function to determine whether RV dysfunction and/or adverse RV remodeling is related to WRF in patients with HFpEF...

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is a congenital cardiac disease with myocardial involvement, most probably right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, accounting for 20% of sudden cardiac deaths. Characterized by the fibro-fatty infiltration of the RV free wall, ARVD/C presents in adolescents with ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure symptoms and as biventricular failure in adults. The coronary risk in these patients is not clear. We present an incidental finding: the left anterior descending artery cut-off in a middle-aged man with ARVD/C...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of dobutamine versus milrinone on out-of-hospital mortality in the treatment of patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). DESIGN: Propensity score weighted retrospective cohort study with mortality as the primary outcome. SETTING: An academic health care system. PATIENTS: Five hundred adult patients with a prior history of heart failure who survived a hospitalization for ADHF that included treatment with dobutamine or milrinone between January 1, 2006, and April 30, 2014...

INTRODUCTION: The wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) may allow stabilization until reassessment for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) among high-risk heart failure (HF) patients. However, there are limited data on the WCD benefit in the acute decompensated HF setting. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Study of the Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator in Advanced Heart Failure Patients (SWIFT) was a prospective clinical trial carried out at two medical centers...

CASE: A 40 year old woman with a history of HIV, congestive heart failure secondary to an unknown congenital heart defect, and hypertension presented to our emergency department with worsening edema. On room air, oxygen saturation was 55 percent . On 5L of oxygen via nasal cannula, oxygen saturation was 88 percent . Physical examination was notable for central cyanosis, facial and lid edema, a II/VI holosystolic murmur across right chest radiating to entire right back hemithorax, decreased breath sounds at bases with pulmonary crackles, clubbing of fingers and edema of bilateral lower extremities...

Acute respiratory compromise describes a deterioration in respiratory function with a high likelihood of rapid progression to respiratory failure and death. Identifying patients at risk for respiratory compromise coupled with monitoring of patients who have developed respiratory compromise might allow earlier interventions to prevent or mitigate further decompensation. The National Association for the Medical Direction of Respiratory Care (NAMDRC) organized a workshop meeting with representation from many national societies to address the unmet needs of respiratory compromise from a clinical practice perspective...

BACKGROUND: Right ventricular structure and function is a major predictor of outcomes in pulmonary hypertension (PH), yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Growing evidence suggests the importance of autophagy in cardiac remodeling; however, its dynamics in the process of right ventricle(RV) remodeling in PH has not been fully explored. We sought to study the time course of cardiomyocyte autophagy in the RV in PH and determine whether mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Beclin-1 hypoxia-related pro-autophagic pathways are underlying mechanisms...

BACKGROUND: Multiorgan ultrasound (US), which includes evaluation of the lungs and heart, is an accurate method that outperforms clinical gestalt for diagnosing acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF). A known barrier to ultrasound use is the time needed to perform these examinations. OBJECTIVE: The primary goal of this study was to determine the test characteristics of a modified lung and cardiac US (LuCUS) protocol for the accurate diagnosis of ADHF. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of a prospective observational study that enrolled adult patients presenting to the emergency department with undifferentiated dyspnea...